Objective To investigate the significance of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and homocysteine (HCY) in patients with acute cerebral infarction and acute cerebral hemorrhage .Methods Serum levels of SOD and HCY were detected in 251 acute cere‐bral infarction patients ,204 acute cerebral hemorrhage patients and 485 healthy subjects .Results Compared with healthy subjects , serum levels of SOD in acute cerebral infarction patients and acute cerebral hemorrhage patients were lower ,but serum levels of HCY were higher (P<0 .05) .There were significant differences of serum SOD and HCY levels among different types of cerebral infarction patients (P<0 .05) .Conclusion There could be important value for determine of SOD and HCY in patients with acute cerebral infarction and acute cerebral hemorrhage .

Objective:To investigate the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in primary hepatocellular carcinoma, in cancer surrounding tissues and normal liver tissue and its relationship with clinical pathological features.Methods:The expression of COX-2 was detected in 30 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma, 20 cases of cancer surrounding tissue and 10 normal liver tissue by flow cytometry (FCM) and immunohistochemistry (SP). The clinical data were analyzed retrospectively.Results:(1)The expression of COX-2 in the HCC tissue was significantly higher than in cancer surrounding tissues and normal liver tissue (P0.05).Conclusion:The hyperexpression of COX-2 in tissue can reflex the biological behavior of HCC,and have very important role in the development of HCC.The specificness of COX-2 protein expression make it to be new target of tumor diagnosis and treatment.These results provide a theoretical basis for the chemoprevention of hepatoma.

OBJECTIVE:To observe the therapeutic effect of Tanreqing injection in combination with Piperacillin sodium and Amikacin sulfate for hospital-acquired pneumonia.METHODS:104 cases of hospital-acquired pneumonia were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive Tanreqing Injection+Piperacillin Sodium+Amikacin Sulfate(treatment group,n=52) or Piperacillin Sodium+Amikacin sulfate(control group,n=52) for 7～10days.The clinical indexes including the total effective effect,cardinal symptoms,physical signs,and chest X-ray film in two groups after treatment were observed.RESULTS:The total effective rate in the treatment group was 86.54% as compared 67.31% in control group(P

Objective To investigate effects of heroin on prolactin(PRL) mRNA in female rats.Methods Fifty female Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups(10 rats each group): control,heroin-treated-3 d,heroin-treated-9 d,heroin-withdrawal-3 d and heroin-withdrawal-9 d groups.PRL mRNA of pituitary was assessed by(RT-PCR) and PRL concentration in rat plasma was determined by radioimmunoassay(RIA).Results The expression levels of PRL mRNA of pituitary were declined significantly in heroin-treated-3 d,9 d and heroin-withdrawal-3 d groups compared with control group(P0.05)).Conclusion The PRL mRNA in the pituitary and the PRL concentration in plasma in female rats are decreased by heroin and the effect can not be reversed in a short term after heroin withdrawal.

Objective To investigate the factors of effecting with yindex analysis of delivery for helical tomotherapy (HT).Methods Measuring γindex with the ArcCheck device for introduced errors in HT.The errors include setup errors in three-dimensional,the gantry angle error,calculating the dose in the phantom,low dose rate.All the results were compared with the 3％/3 mm and 2％/2 mm criteria.The effect of the accuracy in the application of kilovoltage computed tomography (KVCT) and mega-voltage computed tomography (MVCT) images in HT was also analyzed.Paired-t test method was used for difference compared.Results When the errors were introduced to the HT,theγpassing rate of left-right,superior-inferior,anterior-posterior direction dropped 2.7％,7.2％,3.6％ under the 3％/3 mm criteria (P =0.002,0.022,0.007),with 4.6％,15.7 ％,7.6％ under the 2％/2 mm criteria (P =0.001,0.003,0.002) respectively.There was no statistical significance for theγpassing between scanning the ArcCheek phantom with the KVCT and MVCT under the 3％/3 mm and 2％/2 mm criteria (98.6％ vs 98.7％,P =0.859 and 92.7％ vs 92.8％,P =0.984).Conclusions The errors of the setup position and machine paraments can lead to the dose delivery errors in HT,the quality accurance of machine and plan should be enhanced to minimize the dose errors.The results also showed that there is no difference of KVCT and MVCT image on the delivery of HT.

Objective To study the CT number and noise of HT MVCT on different dose rate and scanning thickness.Methods The CT number of different relative electron density were measured in the MVCT image of Cheesephantom with tissue substitute plugs scanned with different dose rate and slice thickness.The physical density corresponding to the CT number was plotted as the image value to density table (IVDT).The noise was measured in the MVCT image of Cheesephantom with solid water plugs scanned with different dose rate and slice thickness.Results There was a significant different of the CT number of the plugs with different dose rates (P =0.000),it shows a positive correlation between the varied CT number and density (R2 =0.846),there is larger impact on the high density number.There was still a significant effect on the noise with different dose rate (P =0.000 density),the noise increase as the dose rate decrease.There was no significant effect on IVDT (P =1.000) and noise (P =0.667) with different slice thickness.Conclusions The CT number and the noise vary with the dose rate,the QA of MVCT should be performed regularly to assure the quality of image and the accuracy of dose calculating on MVCT in adaptive.

Objective To analyze geometrical uncertainties of the target and provide the margin enlarging from clinic target volume (CTV) to planning target volume (PTV) with HT.Methods Analysis set-up data of 220 cases include 97 cases of head and neck,45 cases of chest and 78 cases of abdomen and pelvic,calculating the systematic error (Σ) and the random error (σ) in the three-dimension and check whether the set-up data accord with the normal distribution or not,then acquire the values expand in the three directions based on formula 2.0Σ + 0.7σandμ ± 2.58σ.Results The systematic error (Σ) and random error (σ) of head and neck,the chest and abdomen and pelvic were (0.7-1.9 mm,1.1-1.4 mm),(0.8-4.2 mm,1.5-3.2 mm),(1.1-4.1 mm,1.8-4.1 mm),respectively,and the margin that expand in the direction of x,y,z were (5.2,6.5,7.7 mum),(7.5,16.2,10.3 mm),(7.6,17.1,15.7 mm),respectively.Conclusions The curative effect of this task need prove with a large sample during HT,but other should establish data of margin by yourself.

Objective To investigate the impact of injection current (IC), injection voltage (IV), and pulse forming network (PFN) on energy (depth ratio D20/D10) and profiles of helical tomotherapy, and to improve the quality control for the stability of beam characteristics.Methods The energy and profiles were measured by ion chamber and TomoDose at different values of IC, IV, and PFN, the relationship between the energy and various parameters was evaluated by Pearson correlation analysis, and the changes in profiles were evaluated by comparative analysis.Results The energy had no correlation with IV and PFN values (P>0.05), but had a strong correlation with IC value (P=0.007), which showed a downward trend with the increase in IC.For the profiles in the x direction:(1) in the main beam region (-200 to 200 mm), the shoulder area of the profiles increased regularly with the increase in IC.There were no significant changes for the profiles when the IV values ranged from 6.42 V to 6.54 V, and the shoulder area of the profiles reached the highest point with IV=6.60 V, then decreased with further increase in IV.The shoulder area of the profiles decreased regularly with the increase in PFN.(2) In the penumbral region (±200 mm outside), all the three parameters had no effect on the profiles.For the profiles in the y direction:(1) in the main beam region (-20 to 20 mm), the profiles showed an upward trend in the area with an off-axis distance less than 16 mm when IC values were 5.40 V and 5.46 V, and showed an upward trend in the area with an off-axis distance less than 16 mm.But on the whole, the shoulder area of the profiles increased with the increase in IC, and was not affected by IV and PFN.(2) In the penumbral region (±20 mm outside), the profiles decreased regularly with the increase in IV, and was not affected by IC and PFN.IC had the highest influence on the profiles in the main beam region, followed by PFN and IV.Only IV had impact on the profiles in the penumbral region.Conclusions When the energy needs to be adjusted, the IC value should be given a priority, and PFN should be taken as a supplementary factor.When the profile needs to be adjusted, the IC value should be given a priority, and IV should be used as an auxiliary factor in the main beam region.But in the penumbral region, adjustment of parameters is only related to the profiles in y direction, so the IV value should be adjusted.This study has a guiding role in the quality control of energy and profiles, which can reduce the blindness of quality control, thus saving the time.

Objective To quantitatively investigate the image quality and dose calculation accuracy of megavoltage computed tomography (CT) in helical tomotherapy.Methods The megavoltage CT was used to scan the Cheese phantom,and the geometric accuracy of images,noise,image uniformity,spatial resolution,density-CT value conversion,and dose calculation accuracy were analyzed and compared with conventional kilovoltage CT.Results The geometric accuracy of megavoltage CT images was within 2 mm in three directions.The megavoltage CT was inferior to kilovoltage CT in terms of image noise,uniformity,and spatial resolution.The dose-volume histogram (DVH) in dose reconstruction based on CT images was well consistent with DVH in the kilovohage CT plan.Conclusions The megavoltage CT can obtain images with accurate geometric dimensions and has a low imaging dose and accurate dose calculation,which meets clinical requirements.

Objective:To compare the leaf open time (LOT) parameters and γ passing rates between the 4.0.4 and 4.2.3 helix Tomotherapy planning systems and evaluate the improvement.Methods:Retrospective comparison of the treatment plans of 345 cases selected by 4.0.4 and 4.2.3 versions was performed. The Machine Specific Sinogram of each plan was extracted from the archived plan file to calculate the LOT. The evaluated LOT parameters included the projection time, the maximum LOT, the mean non-zeros time, the time difference between the projection time and the maximum LOT, the relative count of leaves with LOT greater than maximum LOT minus 5 ms, the relative count of leaves with LOT lower than 100 ms and the beam on time. The γ passing rate (criteria: 3 mm/3%, 10% threshold and global error) and the LOT parameters between two version systems were evaluated with the independent t-test. The relationship between the LOT parameters and γ passing rate was analyzed by the multiple linear regression method. Results:The γ passing rate of the Ver 4.0.4 system was 97.86%, significantly lower than 98.6% of the Ver 4.2.3 system ( P<0.001). The time gap between the projection time and the maximum LOT of the Ver 4.2.3 system was significantly less than that of the Ver 4.0.4 system (1 ms vs. 11 ms, P<0.001). For the Ver 4.0.4 system, the multiple linear regression method showed that the maximum LOT ratio and the beam on time were negatively correlated with the γ passing rate (both P<0.001). However, for the Ver 4.2.3 system, only the beam on time showed a negative correlation with the γ passing rate ( P<0.001). Conclusion:The γ passing rate of the Ver 4.2.3 system is significantly higher than that of the Ver 4.0.4 system. The decrease of γ passing rate caused by the leaves near the maximum LOT is properly resolved in the new version system.