The advancement in medical technologies dramatically increases the recovery rate of various diseases and promotes human health.Human experiments,as we know,are the essential process for the research and upgrading of novel medical technologies,thus serious issues arise as how to protect the legal rights of human subjects.For the convenience of medical research,many doctors enroll their own patients as subjects in their research projects,in which many ethical issues and even disputes are involved.This thesis gives an ethical analysis on the voluntary will of patients′ informed consent to be the subjects in their doctors′ research projects,and comes up with the justifications for and against,limitation principles for application,and protection mechanism for patients′ legal rights.

Objective To study the change of BDNF/NF-κB signal pathway induced by repeated febrile seizures.Methods Fifty-one 21 d male rats were randomly divided into three groups:normal control group(n=14),hyperthermal control group(n=19)and febrile seizure group(n=18).The febrile seizure model was devdoped by warrn water immersion[(45.0±0.3)℃].BDNF and NF-κB were measured by enzyme hnked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)and immunohistochemistry.Results The levels of BDNF in serum and hippocarnpus in FS group were higher than those in NC group(P＜0.01)and in HC group(P＜0.01).In FS group,the OD of the BDNF positive neuron was higher than that of NC group(P＜0.01)and HC group(P＜0.01);the OD of the NF-κb positive neuron in FS group was higher than that of NC group (P＜0.01)and HC group(P＜0.01),the OD of the NF-κB positive neuron in HC group higher more than in NC group(P＜0.01).There was positive correlation between BDNF expression and NF-κB activation(r=0.78.P＜0.01).Conclusion The expression of BDNF and NF-κB were obviously increased in FS group and they are positively correlated,suggesting that the BDNF/NF-κB signal pathway may be activated after febrile seizure.

Objective To explore the effectiveness of insulin dialogue toolkit on psychological insulin resistance of type 2 diabetes. Methods A total of 134 type 2 diabetes with psychological insulin resistance were selected by the inclusion and exclusion criteria . The participates were randomly assigned to control group and intervention group by computer with 67 cases each. The control group was given conventional health education, the intervention group was given insulin dialogue toolkit instead of individual health education based on conventional health education. The intervention was lasted 2 weeks.The total score and each dimension score of my opinion of insulin and the blood glucose before and after intervention were observed. Results Before intervention, the total score in my opinion of insulin in intervention group and control group was (66.40±8.51), (66.91±7.27) scores, and there was no significant difference between two groups, P>0.05.After intervention, the total score in my opinion of insulin in intervention group and control group was(76.93±5.31), (71.09±7.77) scores, and there was significant difference between two groups, Z=-5.585, P<0.01. There was significant difference in each dimension score, P<0.05 or 0.01. After intervention, the fasting blood glucose in intervention group and control group was (7.35±1.76), (7.54±1.70) mmol/L,the postprandial blood glucose 2 h in intervention group and control group was (9.47±2.26), (8.79±2.04 ) mmol/L, and there were no significant differences, P>0.05. Conclusions The insulin dialogue toolkit has an impact on psychological insulin resistance of type 2 diabetes. Insulin dialogue toolkit is a way to improve the diabetes′attitude of insulin, but the effect on blood sugar are not clarity.

Objective To explore the status and influencing factor of psychological insulin resis tance (PIR) of type 2 diabetes.Methods 137 in-patients with type 2 diabetes were investigated by selfdesigned questionnaire to get general data and Insulin Perceptions Questionnaire to get PIR data.Multiple linear regression were used to find influencing factor.Results 134 participates had PIR among the 137 in-patients.The older of age,using insulin for longer time and receiving insulin treatment positively had the higher scores of main questionnaire,then had less serious psychological insulin resistance.The duration of illness course,complications,work and using insulin for the first time or not had no relationship with their PIR.Conclusions The findings indicated that the type 2 diabetes using insulin have psychological in sulin resistance generally.Age,the time using insulin,accepting or receiving insulin positively are the independent factors of psychological insulin resistance

Thirty-five cases of parietal headache were treated with needling Baihui (GV 20) and bilateral Taichong (LR 3) and the therapeutic effect was as follows: Recovery: 14 cases; marked effect: 13 cases;better: 6 cases; no effect: 2 cases and the total effective rate: 94.3%.

AIM: To study the effect of the four alkaloids of Sophora Alopecuroides On cycloxygenase(COX) activities in vitro. METHODS: The effect of matrine, oxymatrine sophocarpine and sophoridine on COX2 and COX1 activity were evaluated by the content of Prostaglandin E_2(PGE_2) and 6-Keto-PGF_~1a , respectively. The PGE_2 came from exogenous AA in cultured mouse peritoneal macrophage supernatants induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS) 1 ug?mL~-1 was measured with radioimmunoassay(RIA) method using ~ 3H-labelled PGE_2. The 6-Keto-PGF_~1a from exogenous AA in cultured mouse peritoneal macrophage supernatants induced by calcium ionophore A23187 1 ?mol?L~-1 was measured with RIA method using~125 I-labelled 6-Keto-PGF_~1a . RESULTS: The COX2 activities were markedly inhibited in a dose dependent manner by oxymatrine, sophocarpine and sophoridine, Respectively. Excluding the sophoridine, all the other three alkaloids of Sophora Alopecuroids obviously suppressed the activities of COX1, respectively. CONCLUSION: The in vitro results show that oxymatrine, sophocarpine and sophoridine may have the significant specific inhibitory action for COX2, in contrase, matrine may be COX1 selective inhibitor.

OBJECTIVE:To study the restraining factors in the intravenous immune globulin(IVIG.)bacterial endotoxin test.METHODS:A series tests were designed;the sensitivity of limulus was checked and the limit of endotoxin was validated;the effects of vehicle and pH value on the IVIG endotoxin test results were observed so as to find out the chief restraining factors of this test method.RESULTS:Lower pH value has an inhibition effect on the in IVIG bacterial endotoxin test.CONCLUSION:Bacterial endotoxin test can replace the rabbit testing method in the pyrogen test of IVIG.When the condition of lower pH is changed.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a HPLC method for the determination of paracetamol,caffeine and aspirin in compound paracetamol tablets.METHODS:The chromatographic column was ODS,the mobile phase was methanol-4.2% glacial acetic acid solution(3∶7)with a flow rate at1.0ml/min;the detecting wavelength was 275nm,the sample size was 20?l and the column temperature was 25℃.RESULTS:The linear ranges of paracetamol,caffeine and aspirin were 16.08～428.80?g/ml(r=0.9981),3.42～91.20?g/ml(r=0.9988) and 23.87～769.92?g/ml(r=0.9999) respectively;The average recovery were 99.2%(RSD=0.23%),100.4%(RSD=0.63%)and 99.3%(RSD=0.11%)respectively.CONCLUSION:This method was simple,fast and accurate,which can be used for the content determination of compound paracetamol tablets.

Objective To explore perinatal risk factors associated with the neurobehavioral development of small for gestational age (SGA) full-term neonates.Methods This prospective cross-sectional study included 111 full-term newborn infants from Apr 2008 to Apr 2010 born in Yan-tai Yuhuangding Hospital.Detailed clinical data in perinatal period of all subjects were recorded.Infants aged 3 ～ 7 days were assessed with neonatal behavioral neurological assessment (NBNA) for neurobehavioral development.Logistic regression analysis was used to explore risk factors associated with the score of NBNA.Results Significant differences (P ＜ 0.05) were found between full-term SGA (10.72 ± 1.41,7.13 ± 0.96,7.32 ± 0.74,37.16 ±1.32) and normal neonates (11.27 ± 1.04,7.89 ± 0.72,7.62 ± 0.64,39.12 ± 0.76) in terms of capacity,active and passive muscle tension and NBNA score.Full-term SGA neonates had lower score than control.Univariate logistic regression showed that delivery,placenta abnormalities,umbilical cord abnormalities,infection in perinatal period,gestational hypertension,twin pregnancy,hyperbilirubinemia affected neurobehavioral development of full-term SGA infants.Multivariate logistic regression showed that mothers' infection in perinatal period (OR =2.175,95 ％ CI 1.981 ～ 2.408,P ＜ 0.05),twin pregnancy (OR =1.936,95％ CI 1.517 ～2.368,P ＜ 0.05) and hyperbilirubinemia (OR =1.518,95％ CI 1.072-2.149,P ＜ 0.05) were risk factors for neurobehavioral delay of full-term SGA infants.Conclusion Full-term SGA neonates showed poorer quality in neurobehavior.Risk factors associated with neurobehavior of full-term SGA infants included mothers' infection in perinatal period,twin pregnancy and hyperbilirubinemia.

A questionnaire survey on the awareness and knowledge about stroke was conducted in 392 residents of Fangzhuang community.The results showed residents in Fangzhuang had high awareness rate about stroke,the rates of knowing early symptoms of stroke were from 57.91％ to 79.08％.83.16％ (326) of residents knew to dial 120 or 999 at emergency.The community doctors were thought as the main resource of gaining the knowledge of stroke (78.32％ ).The results indicate that Fangzhuang community health service center plays an important role in health education and guidance for emergent management of stroke in the community.