Within the prefrontal-cingulate cortex, abnormalities in coupling between neuronal networks can disturb the emotion-cognition interactions, contributing to the development of mental disorders such as depression. Despite this understanding, the neural circuit mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain elusive. In this study, we present a biophysical computational model encompassing three crucial regions, including the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, subgenual anterior cingulate cortex, and ventromedial prefrontal cortex. The objective is to investigate the role of coupling relationships within the prefrontal-cingulate cortex networks in balancing emotions and cognitive processes. The numerical results confirm that coupled weights play a crucial role in the balance of emotional cognitive networks. Furthermore, our model predicts the pathogenic mechanism of depression resulting from abnormalities in the subgenual cortex, and network functionality was restored through intervention in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. This study utilizes computational modeling techniques to provide an insight explanation for the diagnosis and treatment of depression.
Prefrontal Cortex/physiology* ; Humans ; Emotions/physiology* ; Cognition/physiology* ; Gyrus Cinguli/physiology* ; Computer Simulation ; Models, Neurological ; Neural Pathways/physiology* ; Nerve Net/physiology*

Objective To explore the effects of lung rehabilitation using Spiro-tiger training apparatus on the respiratory mechanics and airway remodeling in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)in stable stage.Methods Ninety-three stable COPD patients admitted to Nanxiang Branch of Shanghai Ruijin Hospital were randomly divided into control group(46 cases)and observation group(47 cases).Control group was treated with the training for pursed lips breathing and abdominal breathing,and observation group was trained with Spiro-tiger training apparatus in addition to the treatment given to control group.Both groups were intervened continuously for 9 weeks.The two groups were compared in terms of respiratory mechanics(respiratory frequency,tidal volume,minute ventilation,and peak respiratory pressure),airway remodeling[matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9),vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),and transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1)],and lung function[forced vital capacity(FVC),forced expiratory volume in the first second(FEV1),and FEV1/FVC],blood gas analysis indexes[arterial partial pressure of oxygen(PaO2),arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide(PaCO2)],6-minute walking distance(6MWD)and health status[Borg scale and St.George's respiratory questionnaire(SGRQ)].The patients were followed up for 6 months,and the incidence of acute exacerbation of COPD was recorded.Results After 9 weeks of intervention,compared with control group,observation group had lower peak respiratory frequency and respiratory pressure,and higher tidal volume(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in minute ventilation between two groups(P>0.05).The levels of MMP-9,VEGF,TGF-β1 and PaCO2 were lower,and FVC,FEV1,FEV1/FVC and PaO2 were higher in observation group than in control group(P<0.05).Observation group had longer 6MWD,and lower Borg score and SGRQ score as compared with control group(P<0.05).After 6-month follow-up,the incidence of COPD acute exacerbation in observation group was lower than that in control group(4.26%vs19.57%,P<0.05).Conclusion Lung rehabilitation using Spiro-tiger training apparatus can effectively improve respiratory mechanics,lung function,blood gas analysis indexes and health status in stable COPD patients,alleviate airway remodeling,and avoid acute exacerbation of COPD.

Objective:To explore the effect of clinical conventional fractionated dose radiation on the expression levels of immunogenic cell death (ICD) related proteins in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).Methods:A total of 38 newly-treated NPC patients admitted to the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guizhou Medical University from November 2020 to December 2021 were enrolled, all of whom received induction chemotherapy and concurrent chemoradiotherapy, and another 20 healthy volunteers were selected as controls for a prospective study. The contents of ICD related proteins, namely calreticulin (CRT), high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB-1) and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and the proportion of dendritic cell (DC) in the peripheral blood of patients were detected before treatment, after induction chemotherapy and after concurrent chemoradiotherapy, respectively. The correlation between the above indicators, general clinical data and short-term efficacy was analyzed by statistical methods such as t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results:The levels of HSP70 and HMGB-1 in peripheral blood of NPC patients before treatment were higher than those of healthy controls (both P<0.05). After concurrent chemoradiotherapy, the content of CRT was significantly higher than that before treatment ( P<0.05), whereas the difference before and after induction chemotherapy and the difference before and after concurrent chemoradiotherapy were not significantly correlated with the short-term efficacy of NPC patients. HSP70 level was significantly decreased after concurrent chemoradiotherapy ( P<0.001). There were no significant differences in the content of HMGB-1 after induction chemotherapy and concurrent chemoradiotherapy (both P>0.05). Conclusion:NPC patients receiving TPF regimen (docetaxel+cisplatin+fluorouracil) for induction chemotherapy and sequential cisplatin concurrent chemotherapy may induce ICD in NPC cells, and CRT has potential value in reflecting the clinical efficacy of NPC.

Objective To analyze the risk factors for lung injury and pulmonary arterial hypertension in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD),and the predictive value of serum SDF-1 and sRAGE for lung injury and pulmonary arterial hypertension.Methods A total of 200 patients with COPD admitted to our hospital from January 2021 to January 2023 were selected as research objects,23 of whom occurred lung injury and the rest 177 had no lung injury,and 31 developed pulmonary hypertension and the remaining 169 had no pulmonary hypertension.The predictive value of serum SDF-1 and sRAGE for pulmonary injury and pulmonary hypertension was analyzed.Results Multi-factor logistic regression analysis showed that D-D,PCT,CRP,RDW,MPV,PLT,NLR,SDF-1,sRAGE,pulmonary hypertension,arterial blood oxygen partial pressure,FVC and FEV1 were the main factors affecting lung injury in patients with COPD.D-D,PCT,CRP,RDW,MPV,PLT,NLR,SDF-1,sRAGE,arterial partial oxygen pressure,FVC,FEV1 and CT angiographic pulmonary artery volume were the main factors affecting the occurrence of pulmonary hypertension in those patients(P<0.05).Serum SDF-1 and sRAGE were positively correlated with lung injury and pulmonary hypertension in patients with COPD(P<0.05).The sensitivity and accuracy of SDF-1 and sRAGE for predicting lung injury and pulmonary hyperten-sion in patients with COPD were higher than those of SDF-1 and SRage alone(P<0.05).Conclusions Pulmonary injury in patients with COPD is associated with D-D,PCT,CRP,RDW,MPV,PLT,NLR,SDF-1,sRAGE,pulmonary hypertension,arterial blood oxygen partial pressure,FVC,FEV1.The occurrence of pulmonary hyper-tension is related to D-D,PCT,CRP,RDW,MPV,PLT,NLR,SDF-1,sRAGE,arterial partial pressure of oxy-gen,FVC,FEV1 and CT angiography of pulmonary artery volume.Combined detection of SDF-1 and sRAGE has a higher predictive value for lung injury and pulmonary hypertension.

As specialized intracellular parasite, viruses have no ability to metabolize independently, so they completely depend on the metabolic mechanism of host cells. Viruses use the energy and precursors provided by the metabolic network of the host cells to drive their replication, assembly and release. Namely, viruses hijack the host cells metabolism to achieve their own replication and proliferation. In addition, viruses can also affect host cell metabolism by the expression of auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs), affecting carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur cycles, and participate in microbial-driven biogeochemical cycling. This review summarizes the effect of viral infection on the host's core metabolic pathway from four aspects: cellular glucose metabolism, glutamine metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, and viral AMGs on host metabolism. It may facilitate in-depth understanding of virus-host interactions, and provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of viral diseases through metabolic intervention.
Humans ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways ; Virus Diseases ; Carbohydrate Metabolism ; Host Microbial Interactions ; Lipid Metabolism

A comprehensive profiling of the vaginal microbial communities and their variability enables an accurate description of the microbiome in women.However,there is a lack of studies available on Chinese women.In the present study,the composition of the vaginal microbiota during pregnancy and the 6-week postpartum period of 454 Chinese women was characterized by sequenc-ing the V3-V4 region of the 16S ribosomal RNA(rRNA)gene.The vaginal microbiome showed variations during pregnancy and the postpartum period based on the abortion history,hypertensive disorders,delivery mode,and maternal age.Co-variation of 22 bacterial taxa,including the Lacto-bacillus genus and two of its species,may account for the common characteristics of the vaginal microbiome under scenarios of different medical histories and pregnancy outcomes.In contrast,dis-criminant bacterial species were significantly different between women who had preterm birth(PTB)with and without premature rupture of membranes(PROM),and the community state type(CST)Ⅳ-A without any predominant Lactobacillus species in the microbiota was more prevalent during pregnancy in the PROM-PTB cases,suggesting that specific bacterial species could be considered to distinguish between different types of PTB.By providing data on Chinese women,this study will enrich the knowledge of the human microbiome and contribute to a better understanding of the association between the vaginal microbiome and reproductive health.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of pectoral nerve block type Ⅱ combined with esketamine on anxiety and depression in the patients with breast cancer undergoing modified radical mastectomy under general anesthesia.Methods:Eighty-four female patients, aged 18-64 yr, of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰor Ⅱ, with body mass index of 18-25 kg/m 2, undergoing elective first-time modified radical mastectomy for unilateral breast cancer, were divided into 2 groups ( n=42 each) using a random number table method: routine group (R group) and pectoral nerve block type Ⅱ combined with esketamine group (PS group). Sufentanil was used for anesthesia induction and postoperative patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) in group R, esketamine was used for anesthesia induction and postoperative PCIA, and type Ⅱ thoracic nerve block was performed under ultrasound guidance after anesthesia induction in group PS, and the rest of the drugs used were the same in both groups.The observer′s assessment of awareness/sedation scale score was recorded at the end of surgery, 30 min after the end of surgery, and at 6, 12 and 24 h after surgery.The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale was used to assess patients′ anxiety and depression at 1 day before surgery and at discharge.The intraoperative consumption of anesthetics, emergence time, postanesthesia care unit stay time, pressing times of PCIA, requirement for rescue analgesia, hospital costs, length of postoperative hospital stay, satisfaction scores of surgeons and patients were recorded at discharge.The occurrence of adverse reactions was also recorded after operation. Results:Compared with group R, the observer′s assessment of awareness/sedation scale score were significantly increased at the end of surgery and 30 min after surgery, the consumption of propofol and remifentanil was decreased, the emergence time and postanesthesia care unit stay time were shortened, the incidence of nausea and vomiting was decreased, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale score was decreased at discharge, the incidence of anxiety and depression was decreased, the satisfaction scores of surgeons and patients were increased, and the length of postoperative hospital stay was shortened in group PS ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Pectoral nerve block type Ⅱ combined with esketamine can optimize the efficacy of anesthesia and relieve early postoperative anxiety and depression in the patients undergoing modified radical mastectomy for breast cancer under general anesthesia.

Objective:To conduct a meta-analysis for the effects of ultra-early postoperative rehabilitation on hospital stay, complications and vasospasm in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH).Methods:PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, WOS, CNKI, CBM and Wanfang databases were searched by computers to collect control studies on ultra-early rehabilitation of aSAH. The retrieval time limit was from the establishment of the databases to August 2021. The methodological quality of the included literature was evaluated according to Cochrane Handbook Systematic Reviews Interventions, and the Revman 5.2 software was used for meta-analysis.Results:A total of 5 articles were obtained, with a total of 413 patients. The methodological quality of the 5 studies was lower (grade C). The results of the meta-analysis showed that the average length of stay in the intervention group (mean difference –4.14, 95% confidence interval [ CI] –10.69-2.42; P=0.22] and the incidence of complications (odds ratio 0.86, 95% CI 0.40-1.83; P=0.70) were lower than those in the control group, but there was no significant difference. The incidence of cerebral vasospasm in the intervention group was lower than that in the control group, and there was significant difference (odds ratio 0.31, 95% CI 0.18-0.53; P<0.001). Conclusions:Postoperative ultra-early rehabilitation in patients with aSAH can reduce the incidence of cerebral vasospasm without increasing the incidence of complications. Therefore, the ultra-early rehabilitation can be considered. The methodological quality of the literature included in this study is lower, and high-quality randomized controlled trials are needed to further verify the effects of ultra-early rehabilitation on hospital stay, complications, and cerebral vasospasm.

Objective:To explore the clinical characteristic and risk factors of subcutaneous tophus among hospitalized gout patients.Methods:The clinical data of 646 inpatients with gout from April 2014 to December 2019 in Tianjin Medical University Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into tophus group (172 cases) and non-tophus group (474 cases) according to the presence of subcutaneous tophus. The body height, body mass, waist circumference, hip circumference and blood pressure were measured. The total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), urea nitrogen, creatinine, uric acid and C-reactive protein (CRP) were detected; urine was collected for 24 h to detect uric acid. The body mass index (BMI), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and uric acid excretion fraction (FUA) were counted. Binary Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the independent risk factors of subcutaneous tophus among hospitalized gout patients.Results:The proportion of male, course of disease, number of joint involved in attack, rate of smoking history, rate of drinking history, smoking amount, alcohol consumption volume, length of time spent drinking, length of time spent smoking, LDL-C, urea nitrogen, serum creatinine and serum uric acid in tophus group were significantly higher than those in non-tophus group: 98.84% (170/172) vs. 94.09% (446/474), 10 (5, 16) years vs. 5 (2, 9) years, 6 (4, 8) joints vs. 3 (2, 5) joints, 66.86% (115/172) vs. 58.44% (277/474), 65.70% (113/172) vs. 57.38% (272/474), 11 (0, 20) cigarettes /d vs. 10 (0, 20) cigarettes/d, 100 (0, 250) ml/d vs. 50 (0, 162) ml/d, 10 (0, 26) years vs. 0 (0, 20) years, 20 (0, 30) years vs. 10 (0, 20) years, (3.44 ± 0.98) mmol/L vs. (3.25 ± 0.97) mmol/L, 5.81 (4.61, 7.46) mmol/L vs. 5.38 (4.39, 6.66) mmol/L, 89.4 (74.3, 107.5) μmol/L vs. 85.1 (72.5, 98.9) μmol/L and 514.4 (452.9, 595.2) μmol/L vs. 499.0 (404.8, 572.4), the onset age, red blood cell, hemoglobin and eGFR were significantly lower than those in non-tophus group: (37.78 ± 10.56) years old vs. (40.17 ± 13.06) years old, (4.72 ± 0.74) × 10 9/L vs. (4.88 ± 0.56) × 10 9/L, (141.15 ± 17.19) g/L vs. (146.00 ± 13.06) g/L and 87.7 (65.9, 108.4) ml/min vs. 93.3 (75.9, 113.1) ml/min, and there were statistical differences ( P<0.05 or <0.01); there were no statistical differences in family history of diabetes, family history of hypertension, family history of gout, BMI, waist-hip ratio, blood pressure, FUA, white blood cell, TC, TG, HDL-C and CRP between 2 groups ( P>0.05). The patients were grouped according to the course of disease, the incidences of tophus in patients with course of disease ≤5.0 years, 5.1 to 10.0 years and >10.0 years were 15.34% (50/326), 27.67% (44/159) and 48.45% (78/161), and there was statistical difference ( χ2 = 60.59, P<0.01); the patients were grouped according to the quartiles of serum uric acid, the incidences of tophus in patients with serum uric acid <424.05 μmol/L, 424.05 to 505.24 μmol/L, 505.25 to 576.17 μmol/L and ≥576.18 μmol/L were 14.91% (24/161), 32.72% (53/162), 29.01% (47/162) and 29.81% (48/161), and there was statistical difference ( χ2 = 15.70, P<0.01). Binary Logistic regression analysis result showed that the course of gout, smoking amount, number of joint involved in attack, serum uric acid and LDL-C were the independent risk factors of subcutaneous tophus among hospitalized gout patients ( OR = 1.069, 1.020, 1.317, 1.002 and 1.262; 95% CI 1.032 to 1.097, 1.006 to 1.032, 1.223 to 1.417, 1.000 to 1.003 and 1.033 to 1.541; P<0.01 or <0.05). Conclusions:The duration of disease, number of involved joint, serum uric acid level, unhealthy lifestyles and lipid metabolism disorders are the independent risk factors of subcutaneous tophus among hospitalized gout patients.

Objective:To investigate the short-term effects of acute fructose intake on serum antioxidant capacity and liver enzymes in healthy young adults.Methods:From January to June 2019, 64 healthy young subjects were recruited, and divided into 75 g glucose group, 25 g fructose group, 50 g fructose group and 75 g fructose group by random digits table method with 16 cases each. The subjects took corresponding amounts of glucose or fructose according to grouping. The levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), C-Jun amino terminal kinase (JNK), malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-OH deoxyguanine (8-OHdG) before taking sugar and 30, 60, 120, 180 min after taking sugar, and the changes of ALT, AST and LDH at 30, 60, 120 and 180 min after taking sugar compared with that before taking sugar.Results:One case in 50 g fructose group, 2 cases in 75 g fructose group and 1 case in 75 g glucose group dropped out due to adverse reaction; finally, 15 cases in 75 g glucose group, 16 cases in 25 g fructose group, 15 cases in 50 g fructose group and 14 cases in 75 g fructose group completed the study. The increase of ALT and AST after taking sugar in 25 g fructose group, 50 g fructose group and 75 g fructose group was significantly higher than that in 75 g glucose group, and there were statistical differences ( P<0.05); there was no statistical difference in the change of LDH after taking sugar among 4 groups ( P>0.05). One hundred and eighty min after taking sugar, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis result showed that there were no statistical differences in the areas under curve of ALT, AST and LDH among 4 groups ( P>0.05). There was no statistical difference in SOD before taking sugar among 4 groups ( P>0.05); the SOD 60 min after taking sugar in 50 g fructose group and 75 g fructose group, and SOD 180 min after taking sugar in 25 g fructose group, 50 g fructose group and 75 g fructose group were significantly lower than those in 75 g glucose group: (4.84 ± 1.88) and (4.38 ± 1.12) μg/L vs. (6.25 ± 1.65) μg/L, (4.46 ± 1.66), (5.22 ± 1.66) and (3.99 ± 0.96) μg/L vs. (6.55 ± 1.78) μg/L, and there were statistical differences ( P<0.05). There were no statistical differences in the changes of JNK, GPX, MDA and 8-OHdG before and after taking sugar among 4 groups ( P>0.05). The ROC curve 180 min after taking sugar analysis result showed that the area under curve of SOD in 75 g fructose group was significantly lower than that in 75 g glucose group (9.06 ± 1.88 vs. 12.74 ± 3.15), and there was statistical difference ( P<0.05); there were no statistical differences in the areas under curve of GPX, JNK, MDA and 8-OHdG among 4 groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Acute fructose intake can lead to the decrease of antioxidant capacity, and the increasing of oxidative damage and liver enzymes in healthy adults.