Objective: To investigate effects of different excipients and its compounds on extract granulating made by spray drying and to find the best compound of making granule. Methods: Taking difficulty of granulating; obtaining rate, granule dissolution rate, hygroscopicity as assessing index, evaluating effects of different excipients and its compounds on granulating and finding the best compound. Results: Different excipients and its compounds could significantly decrease the hygroscopicity of extract. Different compounds could sharply affect difficulty of granulating, obtaining rate and granule disdoultion while lightly affecting the hygroscopicity. Conclusion: When critical relative moisture is controlled under 65%, the following two compounds can be selected: (1) extract sucrose silion dioxide (500∶115∶25). (2) extract sucrose microcrystalline cellulosec silion dioxide.

Objective To investigate the expressions of TRIM59,Twist and E-cadherin in hepatocellular carcinoma and their clinical significance. Methods The expressions of TRIM59,Twist and E-cadherin protein were tested by immunohistochemistry in 80 cases of hepatocellular carcinomas and the adjacent paracancerous tissues. Results The positive rate of TRIM59 in hepatocellular carcinoma was significantly higher than that in the adjacent paracancerous tissue(76.3%vs. 8.0%,P<0.05). Significant difference was also observed in the expres-sion rate of Twist between the hepatocellular carcinomas and the paracancerous tissue(66.3%vs. 6.0%,P<0.05). The positive rate of E-cadherin in hepatocellular carcinoma was significantly lower than that in the adjacent para-cancerous tissue(27.5%vs. 90.0%,P<0.05). The differences of the expression of TRIM59 in hepatocellular carci-noma of pathological grading,tumor differentiation,vascular invasion and clinical TNM stage were significant(P<0.05). The differences of the expression of Twist in hepatocellular carcinoma of pathological grading ,differentia-tion,vascular invasion and clinical TNM stage was also significant(P<0.05,respectively). The differences of the expression of E-cadherin in hepatocellular carcinoma of pathological grading,differentiation,vascular invasion and clinical TNM stage were also significant(P<0.05,respectively). Significantly positive correlation was also found between TRIM59 and Twist by using spearman correlation analysis(P<0.05). Negative correlations were observed between TRIM59 and E-cadherin(P < 0.05),and between Twist and E-cadherin(P < 0.05). Survival analysis showed that TRIM59 expression was an independent prognostic factor in hepatocellular carcinoma. Conclusion TRIM59,Twist and E-cadherin protein expression might be associated with the development,invasion,and metas-tasis of hepatocellular carcinoma. TRIM59 may become a new target gene for the treatment of human hepatocellular carcinoma.

Objective To evaluate the role of C-type lectin domain family 2,member B (CLEC2B) gene in the pathogenesis of vitiligo.Methods Real time fluorescence-based PCR was performed to detect the expression of CLEC2B mRNA in the peripheral blood and lesional skin of 37 patients with vitiligo as well as in the peripheral blood and normal skin of 40 healthy controls.Data were statistically analyzed by t test and chisquare test.Results Among the 37 patients,23 had progressive vitiligo,14 stable vitiligo,31 vitiligo vulgaris,6 segmental vitiligo.The expression level of CLEC2B mRNA was significantly higher in vitiligo lesions than in the control skin (1.21 ± 0.03 vs.1.00,t =4.432,P ＜ 0.05),but was of no significant difference in peripheral blood between the patients and healthy controls (1.02 ± 0.05 vs.1.00,t =1.435,P ＞ 0.05).Increased expression of CLEC2B mRNA was noted in lesions of vulgaris vitiligo compared with those of segmental vitiligo (1.21 ± 0.03 vs.1.02 ± 0.01,t =5.330,P ＜ 0.05),as well as in lesions of progressive vitiligo compared with those of stable vitiligo (1.25 ± 0.05 vs.1.08 ± 0.03,t =3.046,P ＜ 0.05).No significant difference was observed in the expression of CLEC2B mRNA among lesions of vitiligo with different courses (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The differential expression of CLEC2B mRNA may take part in the pathogenesis of vitiligo.

Objective: To evaluate the acute effects of air pollutants (PM2.5,SO2 and NO2) on hospital visits for upper respiratory tract infection in children,and provide the reference for goverment to make effective interventional measures and to instruct prevention and protection of children’s health. Methods: Daily meteorological data, air pollutants levels and hospital visits for upper respiratory tract infection in children between 2016 and 2018 were collected for analysis. The generalized linear model (GLM) based on Quasi-Poisson regression was used for estimating the acute effects of each pollutant on hospital visits for upper respiratory tract infection in children. The confounding factors of seasonal trend, long-term trends, meteorological factors, week effect were controlled in the model. The lag pattern of lag days (lag0-lag5) and moving average effect (lag01-lag05) was conducted. The excessive risk (ER) of hospital visits for upper respiratory tract infection in children with 95% confidence interval (95%CI) was calculated with an increase of 10 μg/m3 of PM2.5，SO2 and NO2 respectively. Results: Seasonality was showed in the daily pollutants and hospital visits for upper respiratory tract infection in children from 2016 and 2018 in Xining. The average of annual PM2.5，SO2 and NO2 concentration were (47±28)(15+9)(35±17) μg/m3 respectively. The average number of hospital visits for upper respiratory tract infection in children was seventytwo persons. With an increase of 10 μg/m3 of PM2.5,SO2 and NO2 hospital visits for upper respiratory tract infection in children increased by 0.78% (95%C=0.39%-1.17%), 4.19% (95%CI=3.05%-5.34%) and 1.93% (95%CI=1.15%-2.71%) respectively. The three kinds of air pollutants all had certain lag effect. Conclusion The main air pollutants PM2.5，SO2 and NO2, have acute effects on hospital visits for upper respiratory tract infection in children in Xining district,thus,the work of preventing and controlling air pollution need to be furthur strengthened.

Objective To study the relationship between social support and subjective well-being(SWB) of labor workers.Methods 1038 labor workers in Shenzhen were evaluated by subjective well-being scale for Chinese citizen (SWBS-CC), social support rating scale ( SSRS ).Results There was no significant difference in SWB between male and female( ( 63.51 ± 11.03 ) vs ( 63.22 ± 12.02 ), t = 0.389, P ＞ 0.05 ).The 30 ～ 49 age group's score was significantly higher than the 16 ～29 age group's( (62.80 ± 11.80) vs (64.54 ± 11.28), t=2.21, P ＜ 0.05 ).The married group's score was significantly higher than the unmarried group's ( (62.50 ± 12.18)vs (64.27 ± 10.80 ), t= 2.44, P ＜ 0.05 ).Social support was significant positively correlative with subjective well-being ( r=0.075 ～0.391, P＜0.05), except support availability was not correlative with both subscales.Subjective support, support availability and objective support were significantly positive predictions of SWB, meanwhile subjective support was the biggest( β =0.297).Conclusion Subjective well-being of the labor workers in Shenzhen have significant relationship with age and social support.To increase the emotional support for the labor workers could possibly help to improve their subjective well-being.

Objective To explore the expression of cullin 4A (CUL4A) in cholangiocarcinoma tissues and its clinical significance.Methods Primary fresh cholangiocarcinoma tissues (n =35) and normal bile duct tissues (n =15) from patients who underwent curative surgery in Binzhou People's Hospital of Shandong Province from February 2011 to December 2013 were collected.The expressions of CUL4A mRNA were detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR).Then,cholangiocarcinoma tissues (n =72) and normal bile duct tissues (n =36) from patients who underwent curative surgery in Binzhou People's Hospital of Shandong Province from January 2008 to January 2014 were collected.The expressions of CUL4A protein were tested by immunohistochemistry.The relationships between the expression of CUL4A and the patients' clinicopathologic features and prognosis were analyzed.Results The expression of CUL4A mRNA in cholangiocarcinoma tissues was obviously higher than that in normal bile duct tissues (3.876 ±0.975 vs.1.216 ±0.265),and the difference was statistically significant (t =12.23,P ＜ 0.001).The positive rates of CUL4A protein in cholangiocarcinoma and normal bile duct tissues were 70.8％ (51/72) and 2.8％ (1/36) respectively,and the difference was statistically significant (x2 =44.524,P ＜ 0.001).The expression of CUL4A protein in cholangiocarcinoma was related to the differentiated degree (x2 =4.341,P =0.037),neural invasion (x2 =8.326,P =0.004),TNM stage (x2 =7.745,P =0.005),lymph node metastasis (x2 =3.869,P =0.049) and vascular invasion (x2 =5.555,P =0.018).Survival analysis results showed that the median survival time of CUL4A positive patients was significantly shorter than that of CUL4A negative patients (32.40 months vs.51.30 months),and the difference was statistically significant (x2 =6.561,P =0.011).Conclusion The expression of CUL4A in cholangiocarcinoma tissues is higher than that in normal bile tissues.CUL4A plays an important role in the process of tumor invasion and metastasis and indicates poor prognosis,which may become a potential target for the diagnosis and therapy of the cholangiocarcinoma.

Objective:To investigate the effects of HeNe laser combined with ultrashort wave therapy on pain factors, anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory factors in patients with chronic knee osteoarthritis (KOA).Methods:Using prospective research methods, 108 patients with chronic KOA in Xicheng District Xichang′an Street Community Health Service Center from January 2018 to December 2019 were selected as the research objects, and randomly divided into control group and observation group, with 54 cases in each group. The control group was given shortwave treatment, while the observation group was given HeNe laser combined with ultra-short wave treatment. The clinical efficacy, levels of pain factors, anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory factors and knee function were compared between the two groups, and the pain factors including prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2), substance P (SP), dopamine (DA); the anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory factors including transforming growth factor β1 protein (TGF-β1), tumor necrosis factor-stimulating gene (TSG-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Results:The total effective rate of observation group was significantly higher than that of control group: 92.59% (50/54) vs. 75.93% (41/54), P<0.05. After treatment, the levels of PGE 2, SP, DA, TGF-β1, TSG-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group: (2.50 ± 0.29) ng/L vs. (2.85 ± 0.32) ng/L, (1.55 ± 0.35) ng/L vs. (1.73 ± 0.36) ng/L, (12.46 ± 1.82) g/L vs. (15.25±2.20) g/L, (12.46 ± 2.06) μg/L vs. (15.58 ± 2.89) μg/L, (6.02 ± 0.89) ng/L vs. (6.84 ± 0.92) ng/L, (13.64 ± 2.92) ng/L vs. (16.50 ± 3.15) ng/L, (38.82 ± 7.15) ng/L vs. (47.05 ± 8.53) ng/L, (21.92 ± 4.19) ng/L vs. (25.41 ± 5.08) ng/L, (26.49 ± 6.74) ng/L vs. (31.53 ± 7.95) ng/L, P<0.05. After treatment, the levels of PGE2, SP, DA, TGF-β1, TSG-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( P<0.05). The excellent rate of knee function in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group: 87.04% (47/54) vs. 64.81% (35/54), P<0.05. Conclusions:For patients with chronic KOA, HeNe laser combined with ultrashort wave therapy has better clinical efficacy, which can relieve pain, regulate the imbalance of body factors and improve the function of knee joint.

ObjectiveTo discover and analyze single or several correlative key amino acid sites that influence the host tropism during the influenza A virus （IAV） infection based on complete internal protein gene segments of IAV strains， and to provide evidence for the study of human host-adaptive mutations of IAV. MethodsThe full-length nucleotide sequences of 43 671 IAV strains containing 6 complete internal gene segments were downloaded from the GISAID EpiFlu^TM database， and 698 human-tropic （HU） and 1 266 avian-tropic （AV） representative strains were included. The consensus coding sequences of the representative strains from the amphitropic category were compared by R script， and the differential amino acid sites and their polymorphisms were then obtained. The multi-site combination analysis of differential sites was conducted with R script. ResultsA total of 49 and 57 conserved differential sites were obtained from the consensus sequence comparison between AV and H1N1 （subtype from HU）， and comparison between AV and H3N2 （another subtype from HU）， separately. 79 and 65 multi-site combinations were found between HU and AV strains through 3 and 4 sites combination analysis， respectively， and a total of 11 conserved sites were involved： site 271 and 684 in PB2； site 336， 486， 581 and 621 in PB1； site 204 and 356 in PA； site 33， 305 and 357 in NP. No eligible differential sites were found in M1 and NS1. ConclusionSeveral conserved amino acid differential sites， between HU and AV strains of IAV， are found in PB2， PB1， PA and NP proteins. Instead of working as single units， these sites may have interactions， forming specific amino acid combinations that determine the host tropism of IAV collectively.