Mountain-burning fire and heaven-penetrating cooling techniques are complex reinforcing and reducing acupuncture manipulations and can make acupunctured persons feel the sensations of heat and coolness.But the techniques have been for a long time, doctors in different dynasties described them not in the same way and the manipulations areevencomplicated.All this makes contemporarypeoples, especiallybeginnerfall utterly mystifiedand not know their meanings.By simply sorting out theorigin and developmentof mountain-burning fire and heaven-penetrating cooling techniques and analyzingtheimplementationof them to seek common ground while reserving differences, this article objectivelydescribes the main points ofimplementationof the two techniquesfor a brief survey of the acupuncture manipulation to help acupuncturebeginnerbetterunderstand these two complex techniques.

It has been found by sorting out and analyzing ancient and modern doctors’ green tortoise exploring point acupuncture manipulation that ancient and modern doctors use Xu Feng's manipulation as the foundation and make some innovations on that b asis and according to their own clinical experiences. The clinical application range of different doctors’ green tortoise exploring point acupuncture manipulation is proposed by summarizing recent over 10 years’ clinical reports and the authors’ clinical practice. It is considered that the shortcomings of green tortoise exploring point acupuncture manipulation are lack of manipulation standardization and modern mechanism study and that manipulation standardization should be closely connected with clinical practice for further application and popularization.

Objective:To compare the effects of invisible orthodontic appliances without brackets and labial fixed orthodontic appliances on periodontal status and root resorption in orthodontic patients.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted on 102 orthodontic patients who visited the Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University from January 2019 to October 2022. According to different treatment methods, they were divided into group A ( n=52) and group B ( n=50). Group A was treated with invisible orthodontic appliances without brackets, while group B was treated with labial fixed orthodontic appliances. We compared two groups of treatment completion time, root resorption, and periodontal health indicators before and after treatment, including plaque index (PLI), gingival index (GI), gingival sulcus bleeding index (SBI), and levels of inflammatory factors in gingival crevicular fluid, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1). Results:The completion time of treatment in the Group A was longer than that in the group B [(34.62±4.28)months vs (28.93±3.11)months] ( P<0.01). After treatment, the incidence of root resorption in the group A was 50.96%, while in the group B it was 78.00%. The group A was significantly lower than the group B ( P<0.05), with no root resorption greater than 3 mm in the group A and 0.50% in the group B. After treatment, the levels of PLI, GI, SBI, and IL-1β and sICAM-1 in gingival crevicular fluid increased in both groups, with the group A being lower than group B [(1.26±0.39)points vs (1.73±0.54)points, (1.33±0.25)points vs (2.06±0.46)points, (1.73±0.40)points vs (2.48±0.50)points, (173.74±25.81)ng/ml vs (196.33±31.52)ng/ml, (42.28±5.16)μg/L vs (56.59±7.38)μg/L] (all P<0.05). Conclusions:Although invisible orthodontic appliances without brackets cannot shorten the completion time of treatment, they have advantages in inhibiting root resorption, improving periodontal health, and reducing inflammatory reactions. Clinically, appropriate appliances can be selected based on the specific situation of patients.