Objective To study the serum pharmacochemistry and pharmacokinetics of Naoxuening Injection(NXI).Methods Based on the established HPLC fingerprint of NXI,analysis and comparison were carried out among the HPLC profiles of NXI,blank plasma and human serum samples obtained after intravenous administration of NXI.and the main compounds were identified and then the pharmacokinetics of the main compounds were studied.Results Three compounds were i- dentified from the serum after intravenous administration of NXI.Two were the compounds containing in NXI,which were named after geniposide and paeonol,respectively.The other one was identified as metabolic product.The concentration- time curve of geniposide in blood accorded with one-compartment model of pharmacokinetics,and 70 % of geniposie was cleared from the kidney.The concentration-time curve of paenol in blood accorded with two - compartment model of pharmacoki- netics,and 0.04 % of geniposie was cleared from the kidney.Conclusion The compounds contained in the blood and their metabolites are the effective constituents,and the further serum pharmacochemical research will be beneficial to the pharmacol- ogy and the therapeutic mechanism of of NXI.

Recent evidences suggest that inflammatory factors play improtant roles in the pathogenesis and development of type 2 diabetes. The interaction of inflammatory factors with adipokines, oxidative stress and immune system causes insulin resistance and impairment of ? cell structure and function, and results in type 2 diabetes. Inflammation hypothesis of diabetes will provide a new research field in the pathogenesis of diabetes and in the development of new preventive and therapeutic drugs for diabetes.

MAL gene expresses in the mediate and late stage of T-lymphocyte,correlated with carcinoma.Hereditary factors and epigenetic mechanisms play important roles in the pathogenesis of colorectal carcinoma.One of the main epigenetic modifications to be identified is methylation of DNA.the hypermethylation and abnormal expressions of MAL gene play a key role in the development,invasion,metastasis and prognosis of colorectai carcinoma.Therefore MAL gene may be another promising early diagnostic marker,which provide new evidence for early stage prediction,classification,prognosis,chemoprevention of colorectal carcinoma.

Objective To investigate the effects of sodium aescinate(SA)on oxidative stress and pulmonary function during acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).Methods One hundred and twenty patients with COPD were randomly divided into two groups:the control group(n =60) and the treatment group(n =60).All patients were treated with routine anti-infection,oxygen inhalation,relieving phlegm and anti-asthma The treatment group took SA in addition to the routine beteropathy.The changes of serum SOD,MDA,GSH-Px,T-AOC,pulmonary functions and 6 minute walk distance(6MWD) were detected before and after two-week treatment in patients of the two groups to compare with 60 healthy subjects.Results The total effective rate in the treatment group was 91.67％,while 76.67％ in the control group.The difference was statistically significant(x2 =5.065,P ＜0.05).Serum MDA level in both groups were comparatively higher than the healthy controls(9.25±1.55) μmol/L vs.(9.74±1.50) μmol/L vs.(2.06±0.29) μmol/L,P ＜0.001),while the levels of SOD,GSH-Px and T-AOC were lower than the healthy controls[SOD:(91.14±9.54) kU/L vs.(90.61±8.01) kU/L vs.(116.63±6.57) kU/L; GSH-Px:(139.38±36.56) U vs.(137.57±34.19) U/L vs.(189.34±35.54) U/L; T-AOC:(6.48±1.15) kU/L vs.(6.39±1.13) kU/L vs.(13.34±1.23)kU/L;P < 0.001].After treatment,all indexes of the two groups were obviously ameliorated in comparison with before treatment(P ＜ 0.001),but the level of MDA[(4.56±1.39) μmol/L]in the treatment group decreased more greatly than in the control groups(P ＜ 0.001).The levels of SOD[(103.85±7.07) kU/L],GSH-Px[(169.65±34.51) U/L],T-AOC[(10.52±1.09) KU/L],forced expiratory volume in 1 second/forced vital capacity(FEV1/FVC)[(60.49±6.11)％],FEVI％[(76.62±6.35)％]and 6MWD [(394.83±10.11)m]increased considerably more than those in the control group(P ＜ 0.001).Conclusion Oxidative stress might be involved in the course of acute exacerbation of COPD.Sodium aeseinate can improve the pulmonary functions by ameliorating the oxidative stress during acute exacerbation in patients with COPD.

The paper is to report the study of pharmacokinetics of transdermal administered nicotine in the brain of freely moving rat by using microdialysis with stable labeled isotope as internal standard. The pharmacokinetic behavior of nicotine in Sprague Dawley rat brain was investigated after intranasal administration (3.75 mg). Brain fluid samples were collected by intracerebral microdialysis with DL-nicotine as internal standard. Concentrations of nicotine and DL-nicotine in the sample were measured by HPLC-MS/MS. Main pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated and analyzed by Das 2.0 pharmacokinetic software. The recovery of nicotine and the delivery of DL-nicotine were the same. The fate of absorption and distribution was two compartment model and the values of t1/2alpha was 170.31 min, t1/2beta was 263.30 min and the AUC(0-infinity) was 2.75 x 10(5) microg x L(-1) min separately. DL-nicotine can be used to calibrate the recovery of nicotine, and the new method of stable isotope microdialysis can be used to study the pharmacokinetics of freely moving rat. It will make sense for the treatment of addiction of tobacco and provide a new thought for the research of pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamic combination.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of multidisciplinary team (MDT) assessment for chronic constipation.Methods The clinical characteristics of 346 patients with chronic constipation who were admitted to the Third Peolep's Hospital of Hangzhou from January 2010 to December 2013 were multidisciplinarily assessed.The muhidisciplinary team was involved surgeons from the department of colorectal surgery,urology,gynecology,psychiatry and psychology,and tools including questionnaires,defecography,anorectal manometry,colon transit study,urodynamic tests,gynecological examination were applied in the study.The measurement data with normal distribution were presented as (x) ± s,the comparison between groups was analyzed using the ANOVA,and the count data were analyzed using the chi-square test.Results Three hundred and forty-six patients who met criteria of this research were selected,including 86 males and 260 females with the ratio of 1 ∶ 3;the mean age was (55 ± 11)years.Of the 346 patients,slow transit constipation accounted for 7.52％ (26/346),defecatory disorder for 60.98％ (211/346),and mixed constipation for 31.50％ (109/346).A total of 93.85％ female patients (244/260) had anterior rectocele,75.43％ (261/346) patients had internal rectal mucosal prolapse,66.76％ (231/346) patients had perineum descending,23.99％ (83/346) had achalasia or inappropriate contraction of internal anal sphincter,18.79％ (65/346) had puborectalis rectocele muscle thickening,5.49％ (19/346) had rectal prolapse.A total of 82.37％ (285/346) patients were involved in other subjects than colorectal surgery.A total of 28.61％ (99/346) patients presented with urinary symptoms,including 65 cases with stress urinary incontinence,23 cases with unstable bladder and 19 cases with bladder neck obstruction (some patients had multiple urological systoms).The incidence of reproductive organ prolapse in female patients was 31.92％ (83/260),the incidence of uterine prolapse and anterior vaginal prolapse were 26.15％ (68/260) and 29.23％ (76/260),respectively.Patients with anxiety and/or depression accounted for 36.13％ (125/346).The male and female patients of slow transit constipation,defecatory constipation and mixed constipation were 10 vs 16,30 vs 79,46 vs 165,respectively,the age was 60 ± 12,56 ± 11,52 ± 10,showing no significant differences (x2=4.046,F =2.877,P ＞ 0.05).In the three kinds of constipation,patients with urinary diseases accounted for 26.92％ (7/26),26.61％ (29/109) and 29.86％ (63/211),patients with gynecological diseases accounted for 11.54％ (3/26),20.18％ (22/109),27.49％ (58/211),patients with psychological diseases accounted for 38.46％ (10/26),39.45％ (43/109),34.12％ (72/211),respectively,showing no significant difference (x2=4.090,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion MDT assessment for patients with chronic constipation can reflect comprehensively clinical characteristics of chronic constipation,therefore multidisciplinary team should be emphasized in clinical diagnosis and treatment of chronic constipation.

To investigate the effect of calmodulin (CaM) signal system on the glycogen synthesis in skeletal muscle cells from glimepiride (GM)-treated normal rats. The results showed that GM could activate CaM and CaM played a key role in GM inducing insulin-mediated glycogen synthesis.

OBJECTIVETo explore the clinical effects of relaying reversed perforator flaps in repairing skin and soft tissue defects at distal end of finger and donor site.

METHODSSeventeen patients (17 fingers) with skin and soft tissue defects at distal end of finger were hospitalized from June 2011 to June 2013. The reversed digital artery perforator flap with branch of digital nerve was used to repair the defect. The first donor site was repaired by dorsal metacarpal artery perforator flap; the second donor site was closed by suturing. The area of skin defect at distal end of finger ranged from 2.0 cm x 1.5 cm to 3.0 cm x 2.0 cm, and the area of digital artery perforator flap and dorsal metacarpal artery perforator flap ranged from 2.2 cm x 1.5 cm to 3.6 cm x 2.5 cm and 2.5 cm x 2.0 cm to 4.2 cm x 3.0 cm, respectively.

RESULTSAll the 34 flaps survived completely. Cyanosis and partial necrosis of the epidermis appeared in 1 flap, which was healed after dressing change. All the patients were followed up for 1 to 18 months, with mean time of 8 months. The color, texture and appearance of flaps were satisfactory. There was no depression or breakdown in the first donor sites. Some linear scars appeared in the second donor sites, but they did not affect the general appearance. The donor sites at joint or tendon did not affect the joint activity after healing. The results of function evaluation of range of active movement of the fingers were excellent in 15 cases and good in 2 cases. The results of sensation of the flaps were S3 in 1 finger, S4 in 2 fingers, and S5 in 14 fingers. The distance of two-point discrimination of flaps ranged from 5 to 7 mm, with mean distance of 6 mm.

CONCLUSIONSRelaying reversed perforator flap, with reliable blood supply and both donor sites in the hand, can improve the appearance and function of the first donor site as well as repair skin and soft tissue defects at distal end of finger.

Cicatrix ; Depression ; Epidermis ; Extremities ; Finger Injuries ; surgery ; Humans ; Perforator Flap ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Skin ; Skin Transplantation ; methods ; Soft Tissue Injuries ; surgery ; Surgical Flaps ; blood supply ; Sutures ; Tendons ; Treatment Outcome ; Wound Healing

Objective We tried to observe the effects of Chinese herb fumigation and washing combined with electromyographic biofeedback on stroke patients with muscle cramp on limbs.Methods 84 patients who had muscle cramp on limbs were selected and divided into two groups randomly,namely the intervention group and the control group and both groups had 42 stroke patients.The intervention group was treated with routine treatment,Chinese herbal fumigation and washing and electromyographic biofeedback treatment.The control group received only routine treatment and electromyographic biofeedback treatment.We had compared and analyzed the Ashworth Spasticity Scale and the Daily Life Abihty Score (Barthel index) of the two groups at the time of the pre therapy,two weeks after the treatment and at the end of the treatment(after four weeks),respectively.Results There were no significant differences between the two groups in Barthel index,however,there were significant differences in Ashworth Spasticity Scale scores between the two groups four weeks after treatment,t=-3.84,P ＜ 0.05.Conclusions The effect of Chinese herb fumigation and washing combining with the electromyo-graphic biofeedback treatment is better than usage of the electromyographic biofeedback treatment alone on stroke patients with muscle cramp on limbs.

OBJECTIVEUsing the stable isotopes as the internal standard of microdialysis technology to establish a new method to study the whole and local brain dynamics of nicotine percutaneous preparations.

METHODUsing th healthy rats as experimental animals, administrating nicotine in abdominal transdermal way, then sample in the blood and brain simultaneously by microdialysis which use deuterium nicotine (DL-nicotine) as internal standard. Detecting the samples by LC-MS/MS method.

RESULTThe configuration process in blood and brain both conforms to 2 compartments model, t1/2 is 29.38 min, t1/2beta is 208.51 min, AUC(0-infinity) is 152 127.10 microg x min x L(-1) in the blood t1/2 is 86.64 min, t1/2beta is 386.00 min, AUC(0-infinity) is 152 820.90 microg x min x L(-1) in the brain.

CONCLUSIONDl-nicotine can be used as internal standard of nicotine to correcte the recovery; Stable isotopes internal standard microdialysis technology can be used for studing the whole and the local pharmacokinetic of nicotine and also provide new ideas and methods to studing the process of new drug delivery system.

Animals ; Brain ; metabolism ; Brain Chemistry ; Deuterium ; chemistry ; Isotope Labeling ; methods ; Male ; Microdialysis ; methods ; Nicotine ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley