opping drinking. They were not influenced by gender, smoking and drinking histories. They could serve as monitoring indexes for recent drinking status on healthy individuals.

Objective To investigate apoptosis of polymorphonuclear neutrophil and activity of caspase-3 in the peripheral blood and discuss their correlation with development of multiple organ dysfunc- tion syndrome (MODS) after multiple injury. Methods A total of 55 patients with multiple injury were included in the prospective study, and divided into two groups, ie, MODS group (multiple injury patients who developed MODS,) and non-MODS group (multiple injury patients who were free from MODS). The activity of caspase-3 was detected by flow cytometry and the serum levels of IL-6 and IL-10 were detected by ELISA. Then, we evaluated whether the neutrophil apoptesis was correlated with the ser- um levels of IL-6 and IL-10 in patients with MODS. Results Compared with non-MODS group, neu- trophil apoptesis was significantly reduced and activated caspase-3 decreased significantly in MODS group (P <0.05). In MODS group, serum IL-6 was increased significantly while serum IL-10 was decreased significantly compared with non-MODS group. The apoptosis of neutrophil in multiple injury patients with MODS had a negative correlation with IL-6 levels but a positive correlation with IL-10 levels. Conclu- sions The delayed apoptosis of neutrophil due to decreased activated caspase-3 may play partial roles in the development of MODS after multiple injury. IL-6 and IL-10 may contribute to the apoptotic changes.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the causes of stomal recurrence after laryngectomy and the possibility of surgical management.METHODS The clinical data of 13 cases of stomal recurrence were analyzed retrospectively.RESULTS In 13 cases of stomal recurrence after laryngectomy,the survival period of 9 cases treated surgically was longer than that of 4 cases untreated or palliative treatment.CONCLUSION The overall prognosis of stomal recurrence after laryngectomy is poor.A proper surgical treatment in some cases will prolong the patient's lifetime obviously and improve his quality of life.

Objective To investigate the correlation between atypical respiratory pathogens infection and serum total IgE levels . Methods Serum IgM level was detected in 1 913 blood samples of children with atypical respiratory infection by using indirect im‐munofluorescence assay ,including mycoplasma pneumonia(MP) ,legionella pneumophila (LP) ,rickettsia Q(QFR) ,chlamydia pneu‐monia(CPn) ,adenovirus (Adv) ,respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) ,influenza A virus (IAv) ,influenza B virus (IBv) and parainflu‐enza virus (PIV)1/2/3 .The serum total IgE level was detected by immune scatter turbidimetry .Software SPSS 17 .0 was used in data statistical analysis .Results A total of 991 out of 1 913 samples of respiratory inflected children exhibited positive(positive group) ,while 922 exhibited negative(negative group) in indirect immunofluorescence assay .650 out of the 991 positive samples (65 .59% ) contained MP infection and the combination of MP infection and other virus infections .The serum total IgE level in posi‐tive group was significantly higher than that of the negative group ,and the serum total IgE level in samples with MP infection was higher than that in samples with IBv infection ,Adv infection ,and RSV infection .In the samples in which serum total IgE level was higher than the clinical reference range (100 kU/mL) ,the infection rate of MP infection alone was 31 .29% ,which was evidently higher than that in samples of low IgE level(< 100 kU/mL ,21 .30% ) .On the other hand ,the infection rate of RSV alone was 1 .88% and the infection rate of Adv alone was 3 .13% ,which were both evidently lower than those in samples with normal serum total IgE level(both 6 .53% ) .Conclusion MP is the most common pathogen in children with atypical respiratory pathogen infec‐tion ,and can lead to higher serum total IgE levels .

Laboratory testing is of great value in the management of autoimmune disease. The results can help confirm a diagnosis, estimate disease severity, aid in assessing treatment effect. But the current autoimmunity laboratory system, including testing standards, quality control and supervision, does not match the national conditions well. As a result, the test reports are not mutual-recognized among laboratories. In the current background of precision medicine, with the advances of technology and the application of deep learning and artificial intelligence in the clinical laboratory field, the autoimmune laboratory has ushered in a new development trend of integration, automation and intelligence.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of aluminum exposure on neuronal apoptosis of rats hippocampus and the correlation of and synaptic plasticity.

METHODSThere were 40 SPF grade SD rats which were randomly divided into four groups: the control group, the low dose group, the medium dose group and the high dose group, 10 rats in each group. The rats were daily gavaged with aluminum lactate for 30 days. The hippocampal fEPSPs in rat was measured by electrophysiological grapher and the neuronal apoptosis in hippocampus was detected by Flow cytometer. In addition, the relative expression of gene which includes caspase-3, 8, 9 was measured by Real-time PCR.

RESULTSCompared to the control group, the average of fEPSPs which after HFS 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 min was decreased at different time point in the low dose group, the medium dose group and the high dose group (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the rate of apoptosis was significantly increased in the medium dose group and the high dose group (P < 0.05). Compared to the control group, the relative expression of caspase-3 in the medium dose group and the high dose group was significantly increased in Real-time PCR (P < 0.05), and the relative expression of caspase-8 in the high dose group was significantly increased (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONAluminum exposure may induced neuronal apoptosis in rats, and then affect hippocampal synaptic plasticity.

Aluminum ; toxicity ; Aluminum Compounds ; toxicity ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Caspase 8 ; metabolism ; Hippocampus ; cytology ; drug effects ; Lactates ; toxicity ; Neuronal Plasticity ; drug effects ; Neurons ; cytology ; drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) in the management of refractory hematuria of prostatic origin (RHPO). Methods This retrospective study from 6 hospitals in china consisted of 31 patients (mean age 75.0±7.5 years, range 58 to 84 years) who underent transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) for RHPO between February 2011 and January 2017. Patients with RHPO who had complete imaging and clinical data were enrolled. Patients with incomplete clinical data, inability to assess hemostasis, and contraindications to TAE were excluded. The cause of RHPO was benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in nine patients, prostate cancer in twelve, transurethral resection of prostate in four, open prostatectomy in two and prostatic sarcoma in four. Superselective arterial embolization, non-superselective arterial embolization or intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy was performed according to the etiology and angiography. Angiographic findings, technical success rate, clinical success rate, complications were recorded. Results Of the 31 patients, 6 patients (19.4％) were with active bleeding, 4 (12.9％) with aneurysm and 27 (87.1％) with abnormal neovascularization on the angiogram. The 31 patients underwent a totle of 37 TAE, the technical success rate was 100.0％(37/37) and the recent hemostasis success rate was 90.3％(28/31). The incidence of mild complications was 38.7％(13/31), there was no serious complication associated with TAE. Conclusion TAE is a safe and effective method for the treatment of refractory hematuria of prostatic origin.

Objective:To develop a prototype artificial intelligence immunofluorescence image recognition system for classification of antinuclear antibodies in order to meet the growing clinical requirements for an automatic readout and classification of immunof luorescence patterns for antinuclear antibody (ANA) images.Methods:Immunofluorescence images with positive results of ANA in Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from April 2020 to December 2021 were collected. Three senior technicians independently and in parallel interpreted the Immunofluorescence images to determine the ANA results. Then the images were labeled according to the ANA International Consensus on Fluorescence Patterns (ICAP) classification criteria. There were 7 labeled groups: Fine speckled, Coarse speckled, Homogeneous, nucleolar, Centromere, Nuclear dots and Nuclear envelope. Each group was randomly divided into training dataset and validation dataset at a ratio of 9∶1 by using random number table. On the deep learning framework PyTORCH 1.7, the convolutional neural network (CNN) training platform was constructed based on ResNet-34 image classification network, and the automatic ANA recognition system was established. After the model was established, the test set was set up separately, the judgment results of the model were output by ranking the prediction probability, with the results of the 2 senior technicians was taken as "golden standard". Parameters such as accuracy, precision, recall and F1-score were used as indicators to evaluate the performance of the model.Results:A total of 23138 immunofluorescence images were obtained after segmentation and annotation. A total of 7 models were trained, and the effects of different algorithms, image processing and enhancement methods on the model were compared. The ResNet-34 model with the highest accuracy andswas selected as the final model, with the classification accuracy of 93.31%, precision rate of 91%, and recall rate of 90% and F1-score of 91% in the test set. The overall coincidence rate between the model and manual interpretation was 90.05%, and the accuracy of recognition of nucleolus was the highest, with the coincidence rate reaching 100% in the test set.Conclusion:The current AI system developed based on deep learning of the ANA immunofluorescence images in the present study showed the ability to recognize ANA pattern, especially in the common, typical, simple pattern.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the integration method and technical realization of artificial intelligence bone age assessment system with the hospital RIS-PACS network and workflow. METHODS: Two sets of artificial intelligence based on bone age assessment systems (CHBoneAI 1.0/2.0) were developed. The intelligent system was further integrated with RIS-PACS based on the http protocol in Python flask web framework. RESULTS: The two sets of systems were successfully integrated into the local network and RIS-PACS in hospital. The deployment has been smoothly running for nearly 3 years. Within the current network setting, it takes less than 3 s to complete bone age assessment for a single patient. CONCLUSIONS The artificial intelligence based bone age assessment system has been deployed in clinical RIS-PACS platform and the "running in parallel", which is marking a success of Stage-I and paving the way to Stage-II where the intelligent systems can evolve to become more powerful in particular of the system self-evolution and the "running alternatively".
Age Determination by Skeleton ; Artificial Intelligence ; Bone and Bones ; Hospital Information Systems ; Hospitals ; Humans ; Radiology Information Systems ; Systems Integration