Objective To explore the effect of NO on secondary spinal cord injury. Method L - arginine{L - Arg} and N - nitric-Larginine methylester{L - NAME} were infused into subarachnoid space of rats 30 min before spinal cord injury(SCI) . Spinal cord blood flow (SCBF) at trauma sites was monitored. After SCI by a Laser - Doppler flowmetry and neurological function was evaluated. Result The result showed that L - arg increased SCBF at trauma sites, but exaggerated the SCI. The proper dose of L - NAME decreased early SCBF at trauma sites, but ameliorated neural function. Large dose of L - NAME restricted NO production for a long time and resulted in spinal cord isehemia, thus exacerbating SCI. Conclusion That over - production or over - restriction of NO worsen SCI.

Objective: ①To study whether changes of cortical electrical activations in two hemispheres correlated with speech tasks could be observed with approximate entropy analysis of EEG; ②To dynamically observe the correlation of speech improvements with cortical electrical activations in two hemispheres during speech treatment. Method: Changes of cortical electrical activations were observed with EEG in a conductive aphasic 7、9 and 30 weeks after stroke. EEG was recorded in 3 different conditions: eyes closed, word repetition and non-word repetition. The EEG of a healthy man was recorded in 3 different conditions as control. Result: Compared with eye-closed condition, EEG approximate entropies(ApEn_s) of the healthy subject increased in T3, T5, C3, P3 and O1 for word and non-word repetition, and additional F7 and T6 for non-word repetition task. For the patient, ApEn of the first EEG increased in P3 for word repetition, and P4 for non-word repetition; ApEns of the second EEG increased in F3, F7, P3, C3, C4,T3, T5, O1, and decreased in F8, T4 and O2 in right hemisphere for word and non-word repetition; ApEns of the third EEG increased in T3, P3, F7, O1, O2 for word repetition,and T3, O2 for non-word repetition. The first aphasia assessment showed light impairment of semantic system and initial sound auditory identification and severely impairment of picture naming and word repetition. The semantic system and initial sound auditory identification improved significantly in the second assessment compared with the first; but the word repetition remained unchanged. The range of the activated regions in the left hemisphere decreased in the third EEG compared with the second EEG and the activated regions were less than the normal subject. Conclusion: The cortical electrical activities correlated with repetition tasks and the change of cortical electrical activities in different stages of language recovery could be observed with EEG nonlinear analysis.

Objective To study the indications of endoscopic treatment for carpal tunnel syndrome(CTS).Methods From July 2004 to September 2007,21 patients(24 wrists) with CTS received endoscopic treatment in our hospital.Under local anesthesia,an 1-cm incision was made at the level of the proximal transverse wrist crease ulnar to the palmaris longus tendon.A special cannula was inserted into the carpal tunnel,and then the transverse carpal ligment was cut and the median nerve was decompressed.All the patients were re-examined in 1,2,3,and 5 months postoperation.Results According to the criteria of Kelly,11 cases achieved excellent outcomes in 5 months,meanwhile 6 were good,2(3 wrists) were fair,and 2 were poor.One of the 2 poor cases received a second operation by traditional procedures(nerve release) 7 months after the first surgery,another case were treated by conservative therapy because of sympathetic symptoms.Conclusions ① Endoscopy is the first choice for idiopathic cases,while open surgery should be performed on secondary cases(rheumatic synovitis,fracture deformity,tumar,inflammation,gout,neurodegenerative desease etc.).② The carpal tunnel release should be used for patients with abnormal opponens function of the thumb,as well as advanced cases.③ Routine operation are the first choice for eldly patients but not for the younger ones.

Objective To investigate the relationship between choroidal telangiectasia and subfoveal choroidal thickness in the patients with central serous chorioretinopathy.Methods Eighty-four patients (84 eyes) with central serous chorioretinopathy in our hospital from February 2015 to April 2016 were selected,based on the fluorescein angiography the patients were divided into 3 groups:Mild group (leakage at 9-10 minutes after injection,26 cases),moderate group (leakage at 5-8 minutes after injection,37 cases),severe group (leakage at 5 minutes after injection,21 cases).The choroidal capillary dilatation was assessed by OCTA,and subfoveal choroidal thickness in three groups and patients with different foveal choroidal expansion degree were measured by EDI-OCT,and correlation analysis was performed.Results The proportion of severe dilation of choriocapillae in mild group,moderate group,severe group were 7.69％,13.52％ and 23.81％,respectively.The subfoveal choroidal thickness was sequentially increased in mild group,moderate group,severe group (P ＜ 0.05).The subfoveal choroidal thickness in patients with mild,moderate and severe dilatation of choroidal capillaries were (306.59 ± 74.18) μm,(367.21 ± 85.04) μm and (416.27 ± 104.56) μm,respectively (P ＜ 0.05).The degree of choroidal telangiectasia in patients with central serous chorioretinopathy had a positive correlation with the thickness of subfoveal choroid (r =0.812,P =0.037).Conclusion The degree of choroidal telangiectasia and subchondral choroidal thickness in patients with central serous chorioretinopathy are significantly increased with the severity of the disease,and there is a positive correlation between them.

Objective To compare the clinical efficacy and prognosis between classical infra-patellar (IP) and supra-patellar (SP) intramedullary nailing in the treatment of tibial shaft fractures.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted of the 68 patients with tibial shaft fracture who had been treated from June 2012 to December 2014 and completed follow-ups.They were 59 males and 9 females,18 to 87 years of age (mean,43.7 years).Of them,38 were treated through the SP approach and 30 through the IP approach.The 2 groups were compared in terms of surgery-related indexes,The Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) knee function score and Johner-Wruhs evaluation for clinical efficacy at 1,3,6,and 9 months postoperation.The 2 groups showed no significant differences regarding preoperative general data(P ＞ 0.05).Results The 68 patients obtained an average follow-up of 6 months (range,from 1 to 9 months).Intra-operative accumulative fluoroscopy time in the IP group(2.1 ± 1.1 s) was significantly less than in the SP group(3.3 ± 1.8 s) (P ＜ 0.05).The number of limited open reduction (1),intra-operative bleeding volume (128.6 ± 164.1 mL) and number of second intra-operative shifting (4) in the SP group were significantly smaller than in the IP group(7,216.2 ± 195.9 mL and 10,respectively) (P ＜ 0.05).The HSS score in the SP group at 9 months (80.8±7.Spoints) was significantly higher than in the IP group (74.0±5.4points)(P ＜0.05).The clinical good to excellent rate at 9 months for the SP group (97.4％) was significantly higher than for the IP group (70.0％) (P ＜ 0.05).There were also significant differences between the 2 groups in postoperative adverse events like knee pain(P ＜ 0.05).No wound infection,limb shortening,internal fixation loosening or rupture,fracture nonunion or mal-union happened in either of the 2 groups.Conclusions In the treatment of tibial shaft fractures with intramedullary nailing,the supra-patellar surgical approach may effectively reduce the incidence of postoperative knee pain so that it can prevent degenerative changes of the knee joint in the long term.It may also lower the incidence of intraoperative second shifting.It also has the advantages of limited incision,simplicity,and limited scaring.In short,it may be superior to the classical infra-patellar approach.

Objective To evaluate a new self-designed device to assist closed reduction of femoral shaft fracture.Methods From January 2012 to June 2014,18 cases of femoral shaft fracture received closed reduction and internal fixation with anterograde intramedullary nails on a popular fluoroscopic orthopedic table.The new self-designed distraction reduction device was used during the operation.The patients contained 14 males and 4 females,aged from 21 to 48 years (mean,33.6 years).Fracture AO classification was type 32A2 in 8 cases,32A3 in 5 cases,32B1 in 3 cases and 32B2 in 2 cases.Mean pre-operation time was 5.5 days (range,3-10 days).Results Operation time ranged from 85 to 130 minutes (mean,96 minutes).Intraoperative bleeding ranged from 120 to 180 ml (mean,150 ml).X-ray fluoroscopy time ranged from 20 to 40 seconds (mean,25 seconds).Frequency of nailing into the distal fracture end was 1 to 3 times (mean,1.5 times).One case had additional small incision for open reduction.Fourteen cases experienced external rotational deformity of the femur from 2° to 6° (mean,3.6°) after surgery,and four cases were free of rotational deformity.All patients were followed up for 6 to 20 months (mean,12.8 months).All patients had fracture healing in a period of 4.5 to 8.5 months (mean,5.5 months).No iatrogenic fracture,infections,nail breakage or other complications occurred.At the final follow-up,knee score according to the system of hospital for special surgery (HSS) was found to be excellent in 12 cases,good in 4,and fair in 2,giving an excellent-togood rate of 89％.Conclusion The new self-designed distraction device is an easy-to-operate instrument that is useful in assisting distraction and reduction of the femoral shaft fracture diffictlt to be fixed with routine methods as well as intramedullary nailing just on a popular fluoroscopic orthopedic table.

Objective To investigate significance of interferon-γ/interleukin-4(IFN-γ/IL-4) and macrophages in uterus in early embryo loss (or resorption), and to elucidate the anti-abortive effect and the immunological modulation at maternal-fetal interface with quercetin and bornvl acetate. Methods Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)(0.10μg/mouse)was injected via tail vein in order to induce abortion in 7-day-gestation mice which received quercetin and bornvl acetate at days 4-7 of gestation. Levels of IFN-γ and IL-4 in uterus lysate supernatant were measured using enzyme-linked immuno-absorbent assay (ELISA), and uterine macrophages of each group ( n =10) were detected by immunohistochemistry. Results The amount of macrophages was much higher in the uteri of LPS-induced abortion mice than that in control mice. The abortion rate of mouse declined to certain level. The therapy of quercetin combined with bornyl acetate reversed LPS-induced abortion. Conclusion The increase of IFN-γ/IL-4 and the amount of macrophages in the LPS-treated mouse uterus is associated with the embryo loss, and quercetin and bornyl acetate have the anti-abortive effect through modulation of maternal-fetal interface immunity balance.

Objective To investigate CT findings of polymyositis(PM) in musculus and the applied value of CT.Methods 20 cases of PM confirmed by pathology and undergone CT scan,including waist,back,gluteus thighs and calfs.Above of these gluteus,thighs and calfs were observed groupingly.The observed contents included :muscle density;muscle volume;changes of delecting myofascitis lesions;clear degree of musculature and thickness of subcutaneous fattiness.Results CT findings included amyotrophy in 15 groups;muscle density lower and muscle fat in 53 groups;thickened fascia in 18 groups;subcutaneous fat thickened in 23 groups and musculus indistinet in 3 groups.Conclusion CT can help display the degree and distribution of lesions,and the accurate localization for biopsies in myofascitis.

Objective To investigate the relationship between Trp64Arg mutation in β3-adrenerglc receptor (β3-AR) gene and the incidence of metabolic syndrome (MS). Methods A seven-year follow-up study was conducted in 386 simple obese subjects and 175 normal weight subjects in whom geno-typing of Trp64Arg mutation in β3-AR gene was examined in 2000. Results There were no differences between a Trp64Trp homozygote group and a Trp64Arg heterozygote group of whether obese or normal weight subjects with respect to adiposity, blood pressure, lipid profile, fasting blood glucose and fasting insulin in the baseline. The results of follow-up indicated that the incidence of MS in the Trp64Arg heterozygote group was higher than that in the Trp64Trp homozygote group of obese males (54. 76% vs 40. 85% ,P <0. 05) but not in the group of obese females. The incidences of MS both in the Trp64Trp homozygote group and Trp64Arg heterozygote group were higher in obese males than in obese females (40. 85% vs 18. 27% and 54. 76% vs 21.28% ,all P <0. 01 ) . No significant differences were found in incidences of MS both in the Trp64Trp homozygote group and Trp64Arg heterozygote group of normal weight subjects whether the comparison was made between males and females respectively or between males and females. The overall incidence of MS in the obese subjects were significantly increased than that in the normal weight subjects whether there was genevariant or not(31.30% vs 6. 03% and 42. 75% vs 12. 73%, all P <0. 01 ). Logistic analysis showed thatβ3-AR gene variant was associated with increased incidence of MS in males. Conclusion β3-AR gene Trp64Arg mutation is an independent risk factor for the incidence of MS in males.Conclusion β3-AR gene Trp64Arg mutation is an independent risk factor for the incidence of MS in males.