Objective To compare the efficacy of holmium laser and traditional surgery for the treatment of varicosis of the lower limbs.Methods From March 2005 to December 2006,226 patients with varicosis of the lower limbs(274 limbs)were treated using holmium laser(laser group,120 patients with 148 diseased limbs)or high ligation and stripping of the great saphenous vein(traditional group,106 patients with 126 diseased limbs).Results The mean operation time of the laser group was significantly shorter than that in the traditional group [(38.0?10.8)min vs(61.5?12.3)min,t=-15.294,P=0.000].None of the patients in the laser group need analgetics after the operation,while 58 patients in the traditional group received the drug after the surgery(0 vs 54.7%,?2=88.329,P=0.000).The patients in the laser group returned to activities earlier and had shorter postoperative hospital stay than those in the traditional group [(6.2?0.8)h and(3.0?0.5)d vs(22.5?1.5)h and(8.5?2.5)d;t=-105.034,P=0.000 and t=-23.632,P=0.000,respectively].The rates of complications and 1-year recurrence were similar in the two groups [16.9%(25/148)vs 18.3%(23/126),?2=0.087,P=0.768 and 3.8%(3/78)vs 3.1%(2/65),?2=0.000,P=1.000].Conclusions Holmium laser has advantages of shorter operation time and hospital stay,fewer surgical incisions,milder postoperative pain,and earlier return to activities.Closure of the great saphenous vein is the key to ensure the effect of laser therapy.High ligation of the great saphenous vein should be done simultaneously if necessary.

Objective To determine the effect of oxymatrine on the activity of HBV DNA polymerase in vitro. Methods Hepatitis B virus particles were purified from supernatant of cultured HepG2.2.15 cells by uhracentrifugation, and then were mixed with reaction buffer containing NP-40, β-mercaptoethanol, 32P-labelled nucleoside triphosphate (dCTP), MgCl2, and different concentrations of oxymatrine ( 1000 μg/ml, 800 μg/ml, 600 μg/ml, 400 μg/ml and 200 μg/ml) or adefovir dipivoxil ( 100 μg/ml, 80 μg/ml and 60 μg/ml, 40 μg/ml and 20 μg/ml). After incubation at 37 ℃ overnight, proteinase K was added to the reaction system for digestion and 35 μl of samples were spotted onto DE81 paper. Activities of endogenous polymerase in HBV particles were assessed by determining the radioactivity of 32P-labelled dCTP incorporated in the plus-strain of viral DNA. Results Compared with the blank control, the activity of endogenous polymerase in HBV particles treated with different doses of oxymatrine varied from 103% to 107%, and it varied from 91% to 101% when treated with different doses of adefovir dipivoxil. No significant difference was observed among treated groups and the control (P > 0. 05 ). Conclusion No direct inhibitory effect of oxymatrine on the activity of HBV polymerase was observed in vitro.

Objective To study the safety and feasibility of endobiliary intraductal radiofrequency ablation (RFA) to reopen occluded self-expandable metal stents in patients with malignant biliary obstruction.Methods 11 patients with malignant biliary obstruction and blocked metal stents were prospectively studied.During ERCP, after biliary cannulation, the blocked metal stents underwent RFA using a bipolar radiofrequency probe which was introduced into the stenotic bile duct via a guide wire.This was followed by a balloon to repeatedly remove debris and then endoscopic nasobiliary drainage.The patients were closely observed and followed up.Results RFA was successfully carried out in all the patients and patencies were achieved when compared with pre-RFA.The median post-RFA luminal diameter of the strictures showed significant improvement: 6 (4 ～ 10) mm versus 2 (0 ～ 5) mm, and the mean post-RFA total bilirubin level decreased sharply : (39.4 ± 8.7) μ mol/L versus (130.1 ± 38.2) μmol/L.Following this intervention, 3 patients developed fever, which were controlled with conservative therapy.There was no mortality, haemorrhage, bile duct perforation or bile leak.Of the 11 patients, 3 were dead and 6 were alive at a median follow-up of 187 (75 ～ 304) days.The median stent patency was 135 (75 ～ 203) days and the median survival was 278 (75 ～ 304) days.Four patients had their stents patent at the time of the last follow-up or death.Seven patients had their stents blocked on 113, 124, 154, 203, 96, 135 and 112 days post-procedure.Condusions Endobiliary intraductal RFA is technically feasible and safe to reopen occluded metal stents in malignant biliary obstruction.This efficacy needs to be confirmed by future randomized studies.

Objective:To evaluate the biological effects of Luteolinl on the proliferation and differentiation in human periodontal ligament cells (PDLC) . Methods:MTT, ALP kit and Q-PCR was used to detect the expression of osteogenesis related gene. Results:Luteolinl (100, 10, 1, 0.1, 0.01μmol/L) could increase the proliferation of PDLC, and there were significant differences compared with control group (P<0.05) . The ALP Kit results showed that Luteolinl could increase the ALP actiuty of PDLC (P<0.05) . The Q-PCR results showed that Luteolin could increase the expression of ALP and RUNX2 (P<0.05) . Conclution:At proper concentration,Luteolinl can increase the proliferation and differentiation of PDLC.

OBJECTIVE:To establish HPLC fingerprint of Qingbi granules.METHODS:HPLC method was adopted.The determination was performed on Diamonsil C18 column with mobile phase consisted of methanol-0.3％ phosphoric acid (gradient elution) at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min.The detection wavelength was set at 260 nm,and column temperature was 25 ℃.The sample size was 10 μL.Using baicalin as reference,HPLC chromatograms of 10 batches of samples were determined.Common peak identification and similarity evaluation were performed by using TCM Chromatographic Fingerprint Similarity Evaluation Software (2.0 edition).RESULTS:There were 29 common peaks in HPLC chromatograms of 10 batches of samples.The similarity among the 10 batches was more than 0.90.After validation,HPLC chromatograms of 10 batches of samples were in line with control fingerprints.CONCLUSIONS:Established fingerprints can provide reference for identification and quality evaluation of Qingbi granules.

Objective To investigate the value of SpyGlass single-operator choledochoscopy system in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with unexplained biliary stricture, complex bile duct stones, or other biliary tract diseases. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of the patients with biliary tract diseases who were diagnosed and treated with SpyGlass in The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from December 2017 to June 2020. For the patients with biliary stricture, the biliary lesions were fully visualized under the guidance of SpyGlass, and SpyBite biopsy was performed if necessary; the patients with bile duct stones were treated with SpyGlass-guided direct-view laser lithotripsy; for the patients with gallbladder disease, the cystic duct was superselected with the assistance of SpyGlass. The SpyGlass system was analyzed in terms of its sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy rate in diagnosis and treatment, lithotripsy success rate, stone clearance rate, procedure success rate, and incidence rate of complications. Results A total of 58 patients underwent SpyGlass procedure. SpyGlass was used to evaluate biliary stricture of unknown nature in 44 (76%) patients; SpyGlass visual impression had a diagnostic sensitivity of 92% (24/26), a specificity of 94% (17/18), and an accuracy of 93% (41/44), and SpyBite biopsy had a diagnostic sensitivity of 71% (15/21), a specificity of 92% (11/12), and an accuracy of 79% (26/33). SpyGlass was used for the treatment of bile duct stones in 8 patients (14%), with a lithotripsy success rate of 83% (5/6) and a stone clearance rate of 88% (7/8). A guide wire under the SpyGlass system was to superselect the cystic duct in 5 patients (9%), with a procedure success rate of 80% (4/5). In one patient (1%), SpyGlass was used to assist the removal of common bile duct stones after liver transplantation and the treatment of bile duct anastomotic stricture. A total of 5 patients (9%) experienced complications after surgery. Conclusion The SpyGlass choledochoscopy system is accurate, safe, and effective in the diagnosis and treatment of unexplained biliary stricture, complex bile duct stones, and other biliary tract diseases.

BACKGROUND: Measuring the health of the population is of great significance to the development of a region. We aimed to estimate the population, probability of death, and quality of life in western China. METHODS: We calculated the age-specific mortality rate and prevalence rate of diseases and injuries using the Full Population Database and the Home Page of Inpatient Medical Record. We used multiple interpolation methods to insert missing information from the death data and the model of Kannisto to adjust the mortality rate for elderly individuals. The age-specific prevalence rate of diseases and injuries was adjusted according to the standard ratio of age and methods of equal proportional allocation. Life expectancy was calculated by a life table, and the quality of life was estimated using the Sullivan method. RESULTS: The total population continued to increase in 2015 to 2019 in the Shaanxi Province, China. The mortality rate of children under five has improved, and the mortality rate of people over 65 is decreasing year by year. Life expectancy increased from 74.66 years in 2015 to 77.19 years in 2019. Even with the total risk of disease and injury, the health-adjusted life expectancy increased by 1.90 years within 5 years, and the number of unhealthy years significantly improved. Health-adjusted life expectancy increased by 1.75 years when only considered the ten major disease systems (tumors; endocrinology, nutrition and metabolism; mental and behavioral disorders; nervous system; sensory diseases; circulatory system; respiratory system; digestive system; genitourinary system; musculoskeletal system and connective tissue), and the number of unhealthy years increased slightly. CONCLUSIONS In the past five years, Shaanxi Province has made progress in improving life expectancy and controlling the development of chronic diseases. It is necessary to take specific preventive measures and improve the quality of basic public health services.
Child ; Humans ; Aged ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Quality of Life ; Life Expectancy ; China/epidemiology* ; Prevalence

Increasing evidence suggests that cytokines and chemokines play crucial roles in chronic itch. In the present study, we evaluated the roles of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and its receptors TNF receptor subtype-1 (TNFR1) and TNFR2 in acute and chronic itch in mice. Compared to wild-type (WT) mice, TNFR1-knockout (TNFR1-KO) and TNFR1/R2 double-KO (DKO), but not TNFR2-KO mice, exhibited reduced acute itch induced by compound 48/80 and chloroquine (CQ). Application of the TNF-synthesis inhibitor thalidomide and the TNF-α antagonist etanercept dose-dependently suppressed acute itch. Intradermal injection of TNF-α was not sufficient to evoke scratching, but potentiated itch induced by compound 48/80, but not CQ. In addition, compound 48/80 induced TNF-α mRNA expression in the skin, while CQ induced its expression in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and spinal cord. Furthermore, chronic itch induced by dry skin was reduced by administration of thalidomide and etanercept and in TNFR1/R2 DKO mice. Dry skin induced TNF-α expression in the skin, DRG, and spinal cord and TNFR1 expression only in the spinal cord. Thus, our findings suggest that TNF-α/TNFR1 signaling is required for the full expression of acute and chronic itch via peripheral and central mechanisms, and targeting TNFR1 may be beneficial for chronic itch treatment.
Animals ; Chloroquine ; toxicity ; Disease Models, Animal ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Etanercept ; therapeutic use ; Ganglia, Spinal ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Transgenic ; Pruritus ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I ; deficiency ; genetics ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II ; deficiency ; genetics ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects ; Skin ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Spinal Cord ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Thalidomide ; therapeutic use ; Time Factors ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; adverse effects ; genetics ; metabolism ; p-Methoxy-N-methylphenethylamine ; toxicity