Objective To study the reporting status of notifiable infectious diseases in a general hospital,grasp epidemiological characteristics and patterns,and provide scientific basis for the preventive measures of infectious diseases.Methods Epidemic data of notifiable infectious diseases reported by a hospital in 2007 -2011 were ana-lyzed statistically.Results Reporting rate of notifiable infectious diseases was 0.40%(15 386/3 852 327)in 2007-2011 ,and were statistically different among each year (χ2 =94.93,P <0.01),the major age of reported cases were 14-45 years(46.70%),the main transmission routes were blood and sex (60.68%),followed by respiratory tract (33.06%).The reporting rates among different months were statistically different(χ2 =487.60,P <0.01 ),April ranked first for five consecutive years(0.53%),followed by December(0.51 %)and May(0.48%).The main repor-ted infectious diseases included viral hepatitis(42.82%),varicella(20.06%),syphilis(16.96%),rubella(5.41 %), and pulmonary tuberculosis(3.75%).Conclusion Bloodborne diseases,sexually transmitted diseases,and infec-tious respiratory diseases are the stress in the prevention and control of infectious disease,management should be in-tensified.

Objective To investigate the effects of low-dose of hydrocortisone on circulating thymus-dependent lymphocyte (T lymphocyte) apoptosis in patients with septic shock. Method fifty-seven patients with septic shock admitted into ICU from January 2006 to January 2009 were prospectively randomized (random number) to treatment group and control group. Another 20 healthy volunteers and 18 patients with sepsis alone were included as external control groups.The patients of treatment group and control group were treated with low-dose of hydrocortisone and placebo,respectively. Samples of peripheral blood were taken from healthy volunteers and patients 0 hr,24 hrs,48 hrs,72 hrs and 168 hrs after onset of the disease to determine the circulating T lymphocyte apoptosis by using the assays of Annexin V and flow cytometry. Least significant difference t -test was used for multiple comparisons. Results The percentage of Annexin V-positive CD4+ T lymphocytes in the primary stage was (11.01 +4.52)% in septic shock patients, (4.41 + 1.45)% in healthy volunteers, and (7.87 + 3. 82)% in patients with sepsis alone. And in the initial setting, the percentage of Annexin V-positive CD4+ T lymphocytes in the septic shock patients was higher than that in healthy volunteers ( P < 0.05) and in patients with sepsis alone ( P < 0.05). The percentage of Annexin V-positive CD8 + T lymphocytes at the beginning was (11.33+19.62)% in septic shock patients, (9.62+8.32)% in healthy volunteers, and (13.09+ 15.84)% in patients with sepsis alone (P > 0.05 between three groups). The percentages of Annexin V-positive CD4+ T lymphocytes in control group after 24 his, 48 hrs and 72 hrs were(13.51+6.85)%, (19.39 + 6.63)% and (15.33+ 6.21)%, respectively. And the percentages of Annexin V-positive CD4+ T lymphocytes in treatment patients after 24 hrs, 48 hrs and 72 hrs were (17.4 + 7.21)%, (22.61 + 5.64)%, and (25.73 + 6.91)%, respectively. The percentage of Annexin V-positive CD4+ T lymphocytes in septic shock patients was higher than that in control groups ( P < 0.05). The percentages of Annexin V-positive CD8+ T lymphocytes in control group after 24 hrs, 48 hrs and 72 hrs were (11.49+ 11.73)%, (12.74+ 10.39)% and (13.28+ 16.6)%, respectively, and in the treatment group, those were (9.49 + 8.9)%, (15.32+18.17)% and (13.68+16.84)%, respectively (P >0.05 between two groups). In the meantime, the percentages of Annexin V-positive CDS'1' T lymphocytes in control group and in treatment group were (12.72+ 19.69)% and (13.88 + 13.28)%, respectively (P >0.05). Conclusions Low-dose of hydrocortisone could induce CD4+ T lymphocyte apoptosis and has no effects on CD8+ T lymphocyte apoptosis when it is used to treat septic shock.

Objective: To investigate the possible mechanism of neuroprotection produced by taurine supplement on brain in young rats. Methods: In vitro, taurine treatment or co-treatment with sodium selenite that produced significant neuronal apoptosis was used in cultured cortical neurons to examine the neuroprotection effect using MTT assay and DNA fragmentation electrophoresis. In vivo, female weanling Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four groups, eight rats per group. The treated groups were fed on diets with different contents of taurine respectively, and the control group was fed on taurine unsupplemented diets. The experiment lasted five weeks. Results: Taurine significantly increased neuronal survival in dose-dependent manner. The typical DNA ladder pattern could be prevented by taurine. Taurine could elevate brain wet weight, and significantly increased the level of taurine, protein and AChE in brain. Conclusion: It is proposed that the neuroprotection effect of taurine could be achieved by modulating expression of related genes and blocking neuronal apoptosis.

Objective To investigate the distribution of congenital cardiovascular malformations in fetuses with chromosomal abnormalities.Method Congenital cardiovascular malformations of fetuses were diagnosed by prenatal ultrasonic cardiography from Jan 2011 to Sep 2013,and whose chromosomal karotype were tested by amniocentesis or cordocentesis.The association between chromosomal karyotypes and distribution of congenital cardiovascular malformations was analyzed.Result In 173 Fetuses with chromosomal abnormalities,20(11.56％) cases had congenital cardiovascular malformations,including seven 21-trisomies,eight 18-trisomies,three 13-trisomies and two 45,X.64％ (16/25) fetuses with congenital cardiovascular malformations accompanied with other malformations had chromosomal abnormalities.Only 1.87％ (52/4379) fetuses with normal karotype had congenital cardiovascular malformations.Conclusion Chromosomal abnormality is the most reason of complicate CHD.Chromosomal karotype test should be detected in fetus with complicate CHD.

Objective To explore the interleukin (IL)-6,IL-10 and T cell subsets levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF) of children with refractory mycoplasma pneumonia.Methods A total of 53 children with refractory mycoplasma pneumonia were selected as the observation group,30 children with bronchial foreign body in our hospital were chosen as controls during the same period.ABC-double antibody sandwich ELISA method was used to detect IL-6,IL-10 levels and the CD3 +,CD4 + and CD8 + T levels were measured by means of flow cytometry in BALF.Results The IL-6 and IL-10 levels in BALF of children in the observation group were (63.25 ± 18.61) ng/ml,(31.83 ± 8.33) ng/ml respectively,and they were significantly higher than those of the controls[(30.51 ± 1.34) ng/ml,(11.01 ± 2.91) ng/ml] (P ＜ 0.05,respectively).The percentage of CD3 +,CD4 +,CD8 + T cells and the ratio of CD4 +/CD8 + T cells in BALF of the observation group were (48.47 ± 2.88)％,(21.16 ± 6.29)％,(23.04 ± 4.63)％,0.94 ± 0.33,respectively,and they were significantly lower than those of the controls [(64.24 ± 3.06) ％,(34.34 ± 7.59) ％,(26.71 ±5.29)％,1.56-±0.67] (P＜0.05,respectively).Conclusion The IL-6,IL-10 levels in BALF of children with refractory mycoplasma pneumonia significantly increased,suggesting that cell-mediated immunity play an important role in the pathogenesis of refractory mycoplasma pneumonia.

Objective Several studies have indicated that miR-15a,miR-15b and miR-16 may be the important regulators of apoptosis.Since attenuate apoptosis could protect myocardium and reduce infarction size,the present study was aimed to find out whether these miRNAs participate in regulating myocardial ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury.Methods Apoptosis in mice hearts subjected to I/R was detected by TUNEL assay in vivo,while flow cytometry analysis followed by Annexin V/PI double stain in vitro was used to detect apoptosis in cultured cardiomyocytes which were subjected to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R).Taqman real-time quantitative PCR was used to confirm whether miR-15a/15b/16 were involved in the regulation of cardiac I/R and H/R.Results Compared to those of the controls,I/R or H/R induced apoptosis of cardiomyocytes was significantly iucreased both in vivo (24.4％ ± 9.4％ vs.2.2％ ± 1.9％,P ＜ 0.01,n =5) and in vitro (14.12％ ±0.92％ vs.2.22％ ± 0.08％).The expression of miR-15a and miR-15b,but not miR-16,was increased in the mice I/R model,and the results were consistent in the H/R model.Conclusions Our data indicate miR-15 and miR-15b are up-regulated in response to cardiac I/R injury,therefore,down-regulation of miR- 15a/b may be a promising strategy to reduce myocardial apoptosis induced by cardiac I/R injury.

Objective:To study the interaction between cisplatin and bovine serum albumin ( BSA) under the simulated human physiological condition. Methods:The interaction mechanism of BSA and cisplatin was investigated by fluorescent spectrometry; the binding constant, binding site and interaction force were studied, and the interaction effects on the conformation change of BSA were investigated as well. Results:The results of fluorescent spectrometry showed that a ground state complex was formed between cisplatin and BSA, and the mechanism of fluorescence quenching was static quenching. The binding parameters of cisplatin and BSA were as follows:the binding constant was 1. 36 × 104 L·mol-1 , the binding site was 0. 991, and the interaction was mainly driven by hydrogen bonds and Van Der Waals forces. The results of synchronous fluorescent spectrometry demonstrated that the interaction influenced the micro-environments of amide acid residues. Conclusion:Cisplatin can interact with BSA and change the conformation of BSA.

Objective:To explore the effect of digital rehabilitation system on the recovery of infants with cerebral palsy.Methods:Twenty-one children with cerebral palsy were treated with residual cerebral palsy in Putuo District,and 21 children with cerebral palsy were followed up.The patients were divided into two groups (n =21).The control group was treated by routine OT training by the parents,and the treatment group was treated with the digital rehabilitation system.Three months later,the efficacy was evaluated and compared.Results:After 3 months of treatment,the total effective rate (effective rate and effective rate) of the two groups was 90.5％ and 81％,respectively,and the treatment group was significantly higher than the control group (P ＜0.05).The PROM of the two groups was improved (P ＜0.01),and the PROM in the treatment group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P ＜0.05).FMFM was significantly higher than that before treatment (P ＜0.01),and FMFM was significantly higher in the treatment group than in the control group (P ＜0.01).Conclusion:Family (community) digital rehabilitation system can effectively improve the rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy.

Objective To pan and characterize anti-HIV-1 Fab by the phage antibody library technology. Methods Total RNA were extracted from lymphocytes which were isolated from peripheral blood collected from asymptomatic HIV-1 infected donors with high titer antibody against HIV-1. The genes of heavy chains Fd fragment and light chains of antibody were amplified by RT-PCR. The phagmids pComb3X cloned Fd and light chain genes were transformed into E. coli XL1-Blue by electroporation to construct phage Fab library. By three runs of "absorption-elution-neutralization-enrichment", the clones were induced by IPTG and characterized by ELISA. The positive clones were sequenced and analyzed the sequences. Subsequently, Fab antibodies of these positive clones were induced to expressed and purified, then the recombinant virus neutralization assay was performed. Results A phage Fab library was constructed with 8×106 members, and 11 positive clones were obtained by detecting IPTG-induced-expressing Fabs with ELISA. By analysis of the sequences, 10 light chain genes and 8 Fd genes were ensured to be obtained. Compared with the genes of anti-HIV-1 antibodies in HIV sequence database, the gene sequences we obtained were highly homologous to some patent genes of anti-HIV-1 gp120 antibodies in HIV sequence database( light chains with 60%-90% identity, Fd with 71%-85% identity); The CDRs of these positive clones were determined by comparing the positive clone genes with antibodies' genes in V base database, furthermore, CDRH3 of these positive clones has the length of 12-22 aa. Strand shift had little effect to improving affinity of our Fab clones. Fab antibodies were induced to express at the concentration of ＞ 10 mg/L. Three Fab antibodies neutralize HIV-1 virus to some extent. Conclusion The studies will provide the basis on further study on the anti-HIV-1 Fabs obtained successfully.

Objective To investigate the significances of karyotyping analysis on umbilical cord vein blood lymphocytes in the diagnosis of abnormal karyotypes in middle to late period of pregnant fetus.Methods A volume (0.5 ～ 1 ml) of umbilical cord vein blood was extracted from pregnant women in third trimester pregnancy with prenatal detection indications,and collected in sterilized anticoagulant tube.Lymphocytes were cultured and collected for karyotyping analysis after fixed and dropped on slides.Data were analyzed statistically.Results Lymphocytes were cultured successfully in 1 211 cases out of total 1 213 cases collected.Totally 142 abnormal karyotypes were found,which includes 81 cases (detection rate 6.68 ％) of non-heteromorphic abnormal chromosomes and 61 cases (detection rate 5.03％) of heteromorphic chromosomes.Among these abnormal karyotypes,50 cases (accounting for 35.21％ in total abnormal cases) of aneuploidy include 4 cases of chimerical karyotype.Structural abnormalities were found in 31 cases (accounting for 21.83％ in total abnormal cases) samples including 11 cases of translocations,17 cases of inversion and 3 cases of deletion.Conclusions Based on our findings,karyotyping analysis on umbilical cord vein blood lymphocytes could be an effective method for detect abnormal karyotypes in middle to late period of pregnant fetus and played an important role in prenatal diagnosis.