Objective: To study the response of normal adult to CPT (continuous performance test) Method: 77 normal subjects received CPT The results were analyzed by age, sex and education levels Results: There was no difference of results of CPT in our sample between different sex, age and education levels Conclusion: Sex, age and education had no influence on CPT in normal adults Along with the performance, there are less mistakes, lower responsive speed and more correct responses

Objective: To investigate the possible mechanism of neuroprotection produced by taurine supplement on brain in young rats. Methods: In vitro, taurine treatment or co-treatment with sodium selenite that produced significant neuronal apoptosis was used in cultured cortical neurons to examine the neuroprotection effect using MTT assay and DNA fragmentation electrophoresis. In vivo, female weanling Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four groups, eight rats per group. The treated groups were fed on diets with different contents of taurine respectively, and the control group was fed on taurine unsupplemented diets. The experiment lasted five weeks. Results: Taurine significantly increased neuronal survival in dose-dependent manner. The typical DNA ladder pattern could be prevented by taurine. Taurine could elevate brain wet weight, and significantly increased the level of taurine, protein and AChE in brain. Conclusion: It is proposed that the neuroprotection effect of taurine could be achieved by modulating expression of related genes and blocking neuronal apoptosis.

objective To assess relationship between microvascular changes of hemodynamics of the fingertip and evolution of hypertension in patients with essential hypertension(EH)by enhanced power Doppler imaging(E-Flow).Methods The right ring fingertip'S blood flow peak systolic velocity(PSV),end-diastolic velocity(EDV),resistance index(RI)of finger ventral arteriole and nail bed arteriole in thirty-nine patients with EH were separately observed and were made contrast with 35 age-matched healthy subjects by E-Flow imaging.Results Compared with traditional colour Doppler flow imaging and power Doppler imaging,E-Flow imaging was clearer to demonstrate the distribution and movement of the fingertip'S microvascular.It was shown that the PSV and EDV in the ring finger ventral arteriole and nail bed arteriole of EH were decreased(P＜0.05),but the RI increased(P＜0.05),along with the evolution of EH.Conclusions Fingertip'S microvascular changes of hemodynamics could be a criterion to detect obstruction alternations of essential hypertension.E-Flow imaging iS superior to traditional color Doppler flow imaging and power Doppler imaging in differentiating microvascular and could provide a new method in assessing microvacular changes of patients with EH for clinic.

Aim To study clinical efficacy of valsartan,in comparison with amlodipine, in hypertentive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy. Methods 65 hypertentive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy is divided into two groups, with 33 cases in valsartan group and 32 cases in amlodipine group Valsartan 80～160mg and amlodipine 5～ 10 mg were taken by the patients in the two groups for 6 months respectively. 24 h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring ( 24 h ABPM) and color echocardiography were performed in the two groups before and after treatment. Results The parameters of 24 h ABPM ( 24 h SBP? 24 h DBP?dSBP?dDBP?nSBP?nDBP) and color echocardiography (IVST?PWT?LVMI)after treatment in the two groups were significant decreased compared with those before treatment respectively (P0.05). Conclusion Valsartan can lower significantly the blood pressure level and make left ventricular hypertrophy remarkably dispelled in hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy and has the effect similar to that of amlodipine.

Objective To explore influences of improved intramuscular injection on quality of benzathine benzylpenicillin medication.Methods The cluster random sampling was adopted to select 178 patients who needed injection of 240U benzathine benzylpenicillin.A self-control study design was used,and benzathine benzylpenicillin was injected in both sides with each of 1 200 000 units.The left side was injected via routine method,while the right side was injected by an improved intramuscular injection.One-time success rate,degree and duration of pain during and after injection were recorded.Results The differences of one-time success rate,pain during injection,pain after injection,duration of pain after injection and incidence of induration after injection between two groups were statistically significant(P＜0.01).Conclusion The improved intramuscular injection can improve one-time success rate of benzathine benzylpenicillin,reduce pain during injection and local pain after injection,shorten duration of pain and decrease incidence of induration after injection.

Objective To study the safety and feasibility of endobiliary intraductal radiofrequency ablation (RFA) to reopen occluded self-expandable metal stents in patients with malignant biliary obstruction.Methods 11 patients with malignant biliary obstruction and blocked metal stents were prospectively studied.During ERCP, after biliary cannulation, the blocked metal stents underwent RFA using a bipolar radiofrequency probe which was introduced into the stenotic bile duct via a guide wire.This was followed by a balloon to repeatedly remove debris and then endoscopic nasobiliary drainage.The patients were closely observed and followed up.Results RFA was successfully carried out in all the patients and patencies were achieved when compared with pre-RFA.The median post-RFA luminal diameter of the strictures showed significant improvement: 6 (4 ～ 10) mm versus 2 (0 ～ 5) mm, and the mean post-RFA total bilirubin level decreased sharply : (39.4 ± 8.7) μ mol/L versus (130.1 ± 38.2) μmol/L.Following this intervention, 3 patients developed fever, which were controlled with conservative therapy.There was no mortality, haemorrhage, bile duct perforation or bile leak.Of the 11 patients, 3 were dead and 6 were alive at a median follow-up of 187 (75 ～ 304) days.The median stent patency was 135 (75 ～ 203) days and the median survival was 278 (75 ～ 304) days.Four patients had their stents patent at the time of the last follow-up or death.Seven patients had their stents blocked on 113, 124, 154, 203, 96, 135 and 112 days post-procedure.Condusions Endobiliary intraductal RFA is technically feasible and safe to reopen occluded metal stents in malignant biliary obstruction.This efficacy needs to be confirmed by future randomized studies.

Objective To assess the efficacy and safety of nimotuzumab in combination with radiochemotherapy in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).Methods 42 patients with locoregionally advanced NPC were retrospectively analyzed.They all received the treatment of nimotuzumab in combination with radiochemotherapy.Intensity modulated radiationtherapy (IMRT) was applied and the prescribed radiation dose administered to the primary tumor was between 70 to 79.2 Gy in 32-37 fractions and 41-49 days.The dose administered to lymph nodes was between 65 to 76 Gy in 32-37 fractions and 41-49 days.Nimotuzumab was given weekly during irradiation.All patients received chemotherapy.Results The main adverse events were mucositis,bone marrow suppression,dermatitis and xerostomia.Grade 1 or 2 oropharyngeal mucositis occurred in 29 (69.0 ％) patients,and grade 3 in 2 (4.8 ％).Grade 1 or 2,3 or 4 leucopemia occurred in 25 cases (59.5 ％),16 cases (38.1％),respectively,without occurrence of febrile neutropenia.There was no treatment related death.Complete response (CR) rate was 90.5 ％ (38/42),partial response (PR) rate was 9.5 ％ (4/42) and the total efficiency was 100 ％.After a median follow-up of 22.5 months,the 1-year local control rate was 100 ％.1-year distant metastasis-free survival rate was 92.7 ％.1-year overall survival rate was 95.2 ％.Conclusion Nimotuzumab combined with radiochemotherapy was efficient and safe for locoregionally advanced NPC.

Objective To investigate the survival data and acute toxicities in patients with locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma who receive intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT)with concurrent chemotherapy using nedaplatin plus 5-fluorouracil (PF) or taxol plus nedaplatin (TP).Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 152 patients with stage Ⅲ or Ⅳa nasopharyngeal carcinoma who were admitted to our hospital in 2009-2010.Of the 152 patients,80 received IMRT with concurrent PF chemotherapy,and 72 received IMRT with concurrent TP chemotherapy;there were at least 2 cycles of concurrent chemotherapy in both groups.The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate the survival rates,and the log-rank test was used to analyze the survival difference ; the chisquare test was used to compare the acute toxicities in the two groups.Results The follow-up rate was 100％.The 2-year relapse-free survival rate,distant metastasis-free survival rate,progression-free survival rate,and disease-specific death rate for the IMRT/PF group were 95％,82％,81％,and 13％,respectively,versus 97％,83％,79％,and 12％ for the IMRT/TP group (x2 =0.03,0.02,0.62,and 0.22,P=0.861,0.881,0.431,and 0.638).The incidence rates of leukopenia (grade ≥3),neutropenia (grade ≥ 3),thrombocytopenia (grade ≥ 3),ALT elevation (grade ≥ 2),and oral mucositis (grade ≥3) for the IMRT/PF group were 33％,23％,14％,8％,and 12％,respectively,versus 60％,47％,28％,18％,and 25％ for the IMRT/TP group (x2 =11.33,10.29,4.59,3.94,and 3.94,P =0.001,0.001,0.032,0.047,and 0.047).Conclusions Compared with IMRT with concurrent PF chemotherapy,IMRT with concurrent TP chemotherapy does not lead to significantly better survival and results in more acute toxicities in the patients with locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Objective:To study the interaction between cisplatin and bovine serum albumin ( BSA) under the simulated human physiological condition. Methods:The interaction mechanism of BSA and cisplatin was investigated by fluorescent spectrometry; the binding constant, binding site and interaction force were studied, and the interaction effects on the conformation change of BSA were investigated as well. Results:The results of fluorescent spectrometry showed that a ground state complex was formed between cisplatin and BSA, and the mechanism of fluorescence quenching was static quenching. The binding parameters of cisplatin and BSA were as follows:the binding constant was 1. 36 × 104 L·mol-1 , the binding site was 0. 991, and the interaction was mainly driven by hydrogen bonds and Van Der Waals forces. The results of synchronous fluorescent spectrometry demonstrated that the interaction influenced the micro-environments of amide acid residues. Conclusion:Cisplatin can interact with BSA and change the conformation of BSA.

Objective To evaluate the treatment outcome, prognostic factors, radiation dose, and toxicities in patients with early-stage primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of Waldeyer's ring (WR-DLBCL) treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT).Methods This study included 80 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ primary WR-DLBCL who were admitted to our hospital from 2008 to 2015.Only 3 patients received radiotherapy alone, and the other patients received radiotherapy and chemotherapy.After chemotherapy, 24 patients achieved complete remission (CR), and 53 patients achieved partial remission (PR).IMRT was given to the primary lesion and cervical lymphatic drainage region.Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test.The Cox model was used for analysis of prognostic factors.The toxicities were scored using the RTOG criteria.Results The median follow-up was 64 months.The 5-year locoregional control (LRC), overall survival (OS), and progression-free survival (PFS) rates were 94%, 88%, and 84%, respectively.The dose-volume histogram showed that the maximum, mean, and minimum doses to primary gross tumor volume were 54.47 Gy, 52.27 Gy, and 38.83 Gy, respectively.Prognostic analysis showed that age>60 years and increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were influencing factors for OS (P=0.009 and 0.002), and that aged>60 years, IPI ≥2, and increased LDH were influencing factors for PFS (P=0.001, 0.035, and 0.007).Among all patients, 12, 53, and 8 experienced grade 1-3 radiation-induced acute oral mucositis, respectively, and 16 and 13 experienced grade 1 and 2 xerostomia as the late toxicity, respectively.Conclusions For patients with early-stage primary WR-DLBCL, IMRT results in satisfactory OS, PFS, and LRC and has tolerable early or late radiation-induced toxicities.