Objective To explore the influence of etiquette training on self efficacy and self confidence in nursing freshmen.Methods 183 nursing freshmen were given 36 class hours of etiquette training from Nursing College of Taishan Medical University.They took general self-efficacy scale (GSES),academic self-efficacy scale (ASES) and self-esteem scale(SES) tests respectively before and after the training.Results Compared with before training((2.32±0.22),(58.34±5.68),respectively),the scores of general self-efficacy and academic self-efficacy ((2.48±0.24),(66.32±6.35),respectively) were significantly increased (P＜ 0.01).The scores of self confidence increased significantly after etiquette training ((27.45 ± 2.32),(26.15 ± 2.26),(P ＜ 0.01)).Conclusion The etiquette training can improve the self-efficacy and self confidence of nursing college freshmen.

Objective To evaluate the value of color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) in the diagnosis of elderly femoral arterial pseudo aneurysm and treating with ultrasound-guided compression after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). Methods Twenty-six elderly patients who were found a mass and/or vascular murmur in the puncture region were examined by CDFI, and the results of CDFI were proven by clinic and MRI. All pseudo aneurysms were repaired by CDFI guidance to compress simply and/or injecting directly batroxobin into the pseudo aneurysm lumen combined with compression.Results Pseudo aneurysms were diagnosed definitely by CDFI in 26 cases,and the accuracy rate was 100%. Twenty-two cases were repaired with CDFI guidance to compress simply and percutaneously injection of batroxobin into the pseudo aneurysm lumen combined with compression occurred in 3 cases. One case was cured by surgery after failing to be repaired with CDFI guidance. Conclusions CDFI has an important diagnosis value of pseudo aneurysm after PTCA. The method of CDFI guidance compression and batroxobin injection for repairing pseudo aneurysm is simple, safe and effective.

Objective To compare the diagnosis value of three-dimensional power Doppler imaging(3D-PDI)and color Doppler flow imaging(CDFI)on carotid artery stenosis.Methods Forty-nine patients with carotid artery atherosclerosis plaque or stenosis diagnosed by CDFl were enrolled in the study.The degree and ratio of carotid artery stenosis were measured by 3D-PDI in free-hand mode,and measured by DSA in one week,the results were compared with CDFI.Results 3D-PDI of normal carotid artery with atheromatous plaque showed the stereo image,quantity character and exact position of plaque,volume of vessel lumen and spatial distribution of blood flow directly.There was no statistical difference in diameter stenosis rate between 3D-PDI and CDFI[(52.0±0.9)% vs(51.7±0.8)%,P＞0.05],and the area stenosis rate measured by CDFI was significantly lower than that by 3D-PDI[(58.0±0.2)% vs(52.0±0.5)%,P＜0.01].In the diagnosis of stenosis classification,the rates of light,mild and severe stenosis were significantly different between CDFI and 3D-PDI(P＜0.05)and not significantly between 3D-PDI and DSA methods(X2=0.0538,P＞0.05).The detection rates of atherosclerotic plaques numbers in carotid crotch were significantly different between 313-PDI and CDFI(P＜0.05).Conclusions 3D-PDI can offer more valuable information for the diagnosis and trentment of carotid artery stenosis,it is more accurate than CDFI and similar to DSA.

Objective To evaluate the color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) findings in predicting possible difficulties of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). Methods A total of 99 patients with acute cholecystitis received CDFI examination, and were divided into easy LC group (n=67) and difficult LC group (n=32) according to the indexes including the volume of gallbladder, the thickness of gallbladder wall, the condition of arterial flow in the gallbladder wall, the condition of gallbladder cavity and fossa, and of the intra-and extra-hepatic bile duct. After LC, all the patients were redivided into easy LC group and difficult LC group according to a difficulty scoring system of LC. The relationship among imaging results, operation difficulties and operation findings was investigated. Results According to the final score of difficulty scoring system of LC, the number of patients in easy LC group and difficult group was 61 and 38, respectively. Compared with easy LC group, patients in difficult LC group had bigger gallbladder volume [(39.5±13.2)am3 vs(32.6±10.4)cm3], thicker gallbladder wall [(10.1±4.0)mm vs(3.8±0.9)mm], more stone incarceration in the neck of gallbladder, abundant color blood flow signal of the gallbladder wall and more severe adhesion of gallbladder to the adjacent tissues, with statistical difference between the 2 groups (t=-2.820,-12.318,-3.952,x2=33.548,19.461,P<0.05). Using gallbladder volume, the thickness of gallbladder wall, infarction of stones in the neck of gallbladder and adhesion of gallbladder to the adjacent tissues as prediction indexes, the accuracy of CDFI in predicting the possible difficulties of LC was 94% (93/99). Conclusion Preoperative CDFI is helpful in predicting difficulties of LC for acute cholecystitis.

AIM: To prepare and purify the polyclonal antibodies against human myofibrillogenesis regulator 1 (hMR-1), then to characterize the purity, titer, specificity and the availability.METHODS: Two polypeptides named peptide 1 and 2 were synthesized based on the bioinformatics analysis of the sequence of hMR-1 by using software TMHMM and DNAStar, then coupled with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) for immunization. These peptides for immunization were mixed and injected into New Zealand rabbits to prepare antibodies specifically against hMR-1. ELISA assay was used to detect the titers of the antibodies. After purification by immunoaffinity chromatography, antibodies were identified by Western blotting and immunocytofluorescent assays. Applications of the antibodies on neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were also employed.RESULTS: (1)The titers of antibodies were 1:10~5. In WB assay, a specific 17kD band was detected, corresponding to the predicted molecular weight of hMR-1; the positive fluorescent signals were distinct. (2)On the neonatal rat cardiomyocytes model, we observed a peri-nucleus location. The fluorescent signal of hMR-1 overexpression group was much stronger than that in vector control and normal control groups.CONCLUSION: All these results indicate that the antibodies obtained from poly peptides mixture immunization have either human original or rat original antigens. The antibody is available for using in Western blotting or immunofluorescent assays.

AIM:To study whether ischemic preconditioning(IPC) has a protective effect against ischemia/reperfusion(I/R) injury in brain, and the possible relationship between IPC and the regulating function of microcirculation. METHODS: The I/R models were established both in I/R and IPC groups of Sprague-Dawley rats. Additional procedure was performed of short term cerebral ischemic preconditioning in IPC group 24 hours before I/R. Skull windows were performed through which microcirculation features were measured before ischemia, during ischemia, and reperfusion. Finally, brains were cut into slices and stained with red tetrazoline(TTC). RESULTS: Most TTC stained brains in I/R group presented irregular palely red areas which were few in IPC group. Compared with I/R group, IPC group presented relatively increase in accumulated length of capillaries, mean cerebral microcirculatory perfusion, and microcirculatory velocity in ischemic and reperfusion phase. There was no-reflow phenomenon in I/R group in reperfusion phase, which was substituted by the course of increasing reperfusion in IPC group. CONCLUSIONS:IPC could relieve the reduction of tissue perfusion during ischemia and the no-reflow phenomenon during reperfusion by improving the regulating function of microcirculation, which relatively promote the opening of capillaries and accelerating of microvascular flow, therefore protect brain from I/R injury.

Objective To investigate the value and the enhanced mode of time-intensity curve(TIC)combined with gamma curve of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.Methods The ultrasonic contrast images of 34 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma by the gamma curve were obtained by the time before,increased branch slope parameter, curve sharpness, gamma modulus, peak time,peak intensity, the average pre-peak intensity, increased branch slope and pre-peak area.Results Compared with the peripheral hepatic parenchyma, the curve of the tumor tissue ascended as well as declined more rapidly, peaked earlier with a more intensive peak value.There were significant differences between the two groups in all the data mentioned-above (P＜0.05 ).Conclusions TIC and gamma fit quantitative analysis can reflect the different perfusion characteristics between hepatocellular carcinoma and normal hepatic parenchyma objectively and accurately,so as to provide the quantitative criterion and basis for the diagnosis and hemodynamic study of the hepatocellular carcinoma.

Objective To evaluate the application value of three-dimensional power Doppler imaging(3D-PDI) in diagnosis of carotid artery stenosis in the elderly. Methods A total of 72 elderly patients with history of hypertension, coronary atheroselerosis, diabetes mellitus or hyperlipidemia were included in the study. The condition of carotid artery stenosis was examined by colour doppler flow imaging (CDFI), 3D-PDI in free-hand mode, and measured by digital subtraction angiography (DSA) as a golden standard in 24 hours. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were calculated, and all the results were compared with CDFI. Results 3D-PDI directly showed the stereo image, including surface character and exact position of plaque,volume of vessel lumen and spatial distribution of blood flow. Seventy two patients had 85 stenosis of carotid arteries. There was no statistical difference in diameter stenosis rate between CDFI and 3D-PDI [(49.2±0.7)% vs. (52.3±0.3)%,P>0.05], and the area stenosis rate measured by 3D-PDI was significantly lower than by CDFI[(53.24±0.7)% vs. (59.3±0.4)%, P<0.01]. In the diagnosis of stenosis classification, the diagnostic sensitivities of light, mild and severe stenosis were significantly different between CDFI(88.9%,100.0%,100.0%) and 3D-PDI(100.0%,70.4%,58.1%) all(P<0.01). The 3D-PDI was better in diagnostic sensitivity of mild and severe stenosis, but specificity was not better than CDFI. Conclusions 3D-PDI is an easy, convenient method with no-wound and good reproducibility in the diagnosis of carotid artery stenosis. It is more accurate than CDFI and similar to DSA.

Objective To determine the effect of oxymatrine on the activity of HBV DNA polymerase in vitro. Methods Hepatitis B virus particles were purified from supernatant of cultured HepG2.2.15 cells by uhracentrifugation, and then were mixed with reaction buffer containing NP-40, β-mercaptoethanol, 32P-labelled nucleoside triphosphate (dCTP), MgCl2, and different concentrations of oxymatrine ( 1000 μg/ml, 800 μg/ml, 600 μg/ml, 400 μg/ml and 200 μg/ml) or adefovir dipivoxil ( 100 μg/ml, 80 μg/ml and 60 μg/ml, 40 μg/ml and 20 μg/ml). After incubation at 37 ℃ overnight, proteinase K was added to the reaction system for digestion and 35 μl of samples were spotted onto DE81 paper. Activities of endogenous polymerase in HBV particles were assessed by determining the radioactivity of 32P-labelled dCTP incorporated in the plus-strain of viral DNA. Results Compared with the blank control, the activity of endogenous polymerase in HBV particles treated with different doses of oxymatrine varied from 103% to 107%, and it varied from 91% to 101% when treated with different doses of adefovir dipivoxil. No significant difference was observed among treated groups and the control (P > 0. 05 ). Conclusion No direct inhibitory effect of oxymatrine on the activity of HBV polymerase was observed in vitro.

AIM: To investigate the effects of human urotensin Ⅱ (hUII) on in vivo mesenteric microcirculation in rats. METHODS: For recording of microcirculation images in the mesentery, the intestinal loop was mounted on the stage of an intravital microscope equipped with a TV camera. Video images of microcirculation were stored by a video cassette recorder. Temporal changes in internal diameter and microcirculatory velocity of microvesseles were measured by computer using the ImagePro software. The blood flow in intestinal wall was measured with PIMII laser Doppler perfusion Imager (Lisca Sweden). RESULTS: The internal diameters of arterioles and venules in control group were (21.4?2.3) ?m and (38.1?3.6) ?m,respectively. In UII group, the arterioles and venules contracted immediately after treated with UII and up to the peak at 1 min [(14.1?1.4) ?m and (22.2?5.2) ?m vs control,P0.05). The blood flow in intestinal wall increased 1 min after treated with UII and up to high peak at 5 min(6.4?1.1 perfusion unit vs control 4.2?0.9,P