Objective To compare the Panel reactive antibody (PRA) producing incidence in living and cadaveric transplant for forecasting long term survival. Methods Retrospectively analyze post-transplant PRA of 48 living transplant patients ( December 2003-Sepdtember 2007 ), and 258 cadaveric transplant patients( Feburary 2003-June 2007 ), which in both groups were all PRA negative in pre-transplant. PRA was detected using LAT-1240 (OneLambda) and QUICKSCREE&BSCREEN (GTI). Serum creatine/urea nitrogen level was provided by clinical laboratory. Results Four recipients in 48 living transplant patients showed PRA positive(8.33% ), while 62 receipients in 258 cadaveric transplant patients showed PRA positive(24.03% ) ( P ＜0.05 ). Three recipients in 35 male living donor transplant patients showed PRA positive(8.57% ) ,while 23.03% PRA positive in male cadaveric transplant patients (P ＜0.05). In females, 1out of 13 living donor transplant patients showed HLA-Ⅱ positive, whereas 20 out of 106 in cadaveric transplant patients( 18.87% ) ( P ＜ 0. 05). Conclusion The incidence of HLA antibody production was much higher in cadaveric transplant patients than that in those of living donor transplant.

BACKGROUND: It remains poorly understood regarding the incidence of panel reactive antibody (PRA) production and its influence to renal function and long-term survival in China. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the incidence of PRA after living renal transplant, so as to provide reference for predicting long-term renal survival. METHODS: A total of 54 patients who received living renal transplantation in Beijing Friendship Hospital from March 2005 and October 2007, were selected. PRA, serum creatinine and urea nitrogen level were detected 1-2 years after transplantation. PRA assay was conducted using One Lambda ELISA HLA-Ⅰ +Ⅱ antigen tray. Serum creatinine and urea nitrogen data were offered by clinical laboratory. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 12.96% (7/54) patients showed PRA positive after transplantation, with HLA-Ⅱ antibody positive in 6 patients, and HLA-Ⅰ + Ⅱ antibody positive in 1 patient. In these 7 patients, 6 underwent primary transplantation, and PRA negative before transplantation; 1 patient underwent transplantation for the second time, and HLA-Ⅱ antibody positive before transplantation. Creatine and urea nitrogen level were abnormal in 1 patient with HLA-Ⅰ + ⅠⅡ antibody positive and 2 patients with HLA-Ⅱ antibody highly positive. Creatinine and urea nitrogen levels were normal in 4 patients with low level HLA-Ⅱ antibody. Results show that HLA-Ⅰ +Ⅱ antibody positive and high level HLA-Ⅱ antibody affect renal function in living renal recipients, but low level HLA-Ⅱ antibody has no effect on renal function.

The discovery of the key negative regulator MDM2 and the detailed mechanism of MDM2-P53 protein-protein interaction provide a great opportunity to activate P53 by inhibiting MDM2-P53 interaction with MDM2 inhibitor.In this article,the author will review the accomplishment in the area of MDM2 inhibitor treatment on tumors of urological system.The detailed mechanism and the signal pathways involved are summarized simultaneously.

Objective To describe the public discrimination against patients with mental disorders,and to explore its influencing factors.Methods This study was a descriptive study.A total of 1 378 public received the survey.The survey instruments include general information questionnaire and assessment scale of discrimination against patients with mental disorders.Results The scores of the scale of discrimination against patients with mental disorders was (2.07± 0.61).The score of risk dimension was higher(2.17±0.87),and the ability dimension was lower(1.65±0.64).Multiple regression analysis showed that factors influencing the total score of the scale were type of investigation objects,age,gender,educational background,contact degree and life connection degree to the patients with mental disorders.Conclusion Because psychiatric patients had perceived stigma,and social demographic factors,clinical factors,social and psychological factors could influence their perceived stigma,so the nurse should pay more attention to discrimination against patients,and reduce or eliminate the discrimination toward the patients,then promote recovery of the patients.

Objective To asses the value of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in diagnosis of transitional cell carcinoma of bladder in the urine using directly labeled DNA probes to the pericentromeric regions of chromosomes 3 , 7 and 17 and to the region of P16 tumor suppressor gene. Methods Chromosomal and gene abnormalities were detected using directly labeled DNA probes to the pericentromeric regions of chromosomes 3 , 7, and 17 and to the region of P16 tumor suppressor gene. The sensitivity of FISH and Cytology in diagnosing transitional cell carcinoma of bladder was also compared. Results The sensitivity of FISH and Cytology in diagnosing the disease was 85.5% and 34.2%, respectively. The sensitivity of FISH was prior to that of Cytology( P ＜0.05 ) and increased with increasing tumor pathologic grade but not clinical staging. Conclusions High sensitivity of FISH in diagnosing transitional cell carcinoma of bladder was obtained and it might be a potent method to diagnose bladder cancer in Chinese people in the future.

Objective To observe the anti-proliferation effects of rapamycin and paclitaxel of different hu-man prostate cancer cells in vitro. Methods The methods of MTr and flow cytometry were respectively ap-plied to observe the effect of rapamycin, paclitaxel and rapamycin+paclitaxel on proliferation and apoptosis of different prostate cancer cell lines (LNCaP-C4, LNCaP-C4-2, PC-3). Results When the concentration of rapamycin was 0.01 μmol/L, the impressive effect showed a remarkable difference in contrast to the con-trol. While in group LNCaP-C4-2 and PC-3, the goal concentration of rapamycin was 0.001μmol/L. When the concentration of paclitaxel was 0. 2 ng/mL, the impressive effect showed a remarkable difference in con-trast to the control. In group rapamycin (10 nmol/L) and in group paclitaxel (1 ng/mL) there were signifi-cant differences in growth inhibition, compared with control. While in group rapamycin(5 nmoL/L)+pacli-taxel(0.5ng/mL) there was significant difference in growth inhibition, compared with rapamycin (10 nmol/L) and paclitaxel (1 ng/mL) respectively. After cultured with rapamycin or paclitaxel alone, more tumor cells induced apoptosis than control. While after cultured with rapamycin and paclitaxel simultaneously, more tumor cells induced apoptosis than with rapamycin or paclitaxel alone. Conclusions Both rapamycin and paclitaxel had a good impressive effect on the three prostate cell lines (LNCaP-CA, LNCaP-C4-2, PC-3) with dose-dependent manner. After cultured with rapamycin and paclitaxel simultaneously, more tumor cells were induced apoptosis than with rapamycin or paclitaxel alone.

Objective To study the effect of mind mapping on cognitive ability in elderly with mild cognitive impairment(MCI).Methods A total of 60 elderly aged were randomly divided into training group (30 cases) and control group(30 cases).Elderly in control group received routine maintenance of living habits.The elderly in the training group received miud mapping training intensively for 30 minutes every day for 12 months.The training effects were evaluated by mini-mental state examination(MMSE) and abilities of daily living scale(ADL).Results After training,the score of MMSE in the training group( six months:25.55 ± 1.17;one year:26.30 ±1.64) were significantly higher than before intervention( P＜ 0.05 ) and higher than that of control group(24.90 ± 1.97) (P＜0.05).The score of ADL in the training group( 14.47 ±0.64) were significantly lower than before intervention( 14.47 ±0.64) and that of control group( 15.47 ± 1.19) ( P＜ 0.05).Conclusion Mind mapping training can improve the cognitive abilities of MCI older people.

OBJECTIVE: To establish an HPLC method for the determination of the contents of the related substances in metoclopramide.METHODS: The sample was separated on C18 column with the mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.02 mol?L-1 phosphonic acid solution(19∶81) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL?min-1.The detection wavelength was set at 275 nm;the column temperature was kept under room temperature and the injected volume was 20 ?L.The contents of the related substances in metoclopramide were computed by self-control method of main constituent.RESULTS: Under the above described chromatographic conditions,metoclopramide was completely separated from its impurities.A good linearity between impurities' peak area and metoclopramide(contrast solution) concentration was achieved when the concentrations of impurities were over the range of 0.05%～4.0%.The lowest detectable limit of metoclopramide was 0.3 ng,and the contents of the related substances were all less than 0.26%.CONCLUSION: The method is convenient,accurate,sensitive and,specific,and it can be used for the determination of the related substances in metoclopramide.

Background It has been determined that dipeptidyl peptidase Ⅲ (DPPⅢ) plays an important role in the metabolism and modification of proteins and DPPⅢ of human has highly homologous to rat.Researches have shown that DPPⅢ is associated with the formation of cataract.However,few relevant studies have been reported.ObjectiveThe present study is to find out the relationship between the expression of DPPⅢ in rat lenses and age-related cataract.Methods Lenses were obtained from general Wistar rats of ages 3,6,9,or 12 weeks old (10 lenses each ) and homogenized with different concentrations of standard bovine serum.The proteins were resolved using SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis.Peak concentration and total concentration of DPPⅢ protein in lenses from rats of different ages were detected by Western blot.Enzyme activity of DPPⅢ was determined by monitoring the amount of dipeptides removed from a special substrate (Arg-Arg-4mb NA) by measuring the absorbance with UV-2500PC at 525 nm.The relationship between the enzyme activity of DPPⅢ in lenses and age of rats was evaluated using regression analysis.Results DPPⅢ was detected at a molecular weight of 82000 Da.The peak concentration and total concentration of DPPⅢ in normal rat lenses increased with the growth of age.The total protease activity of DPPⅢ in the lenses of rats was correlated with the ages of the rats (r=0.99,P＜0.05).Conclusion DPPⅢ may be involved in the alteration of crystallin during the development of lenses,and it may play an important role in the formation and aggravation of age-related cataract.

Objective: To understand the prevalence of obesity and its associations with diet,exercise and mental health among students in Inner Mongolia, so as to provide scientific basis for the formulation of obesity intervention measures for students in this area. Methods: Stratified and cluster random sampling was used to select 186 649 students from all 12 cities and 103 banners and counties in Inner Mongolia Autonomous region. All the participants were divided into groups according to the BMI classification criteria for overweight/obesity screening of Chinese school age children and adolescents (kg/m 2). Univariate analysis was carried out by means of rectangular χ 2 test, and multivariate unconditional Logistic regression model was used to screen the risk factors of obesity. Results: The overall obesity rate was 18.54%, the obesity rate of boys was 22.04 %, and the obesity rate of girls was 14.99%. The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that area(OR=0.79), sex (OR=0.61), times of eating fried food per day (OR=1.08), daily exercise for more than 60 minutes per week >2 days (OR=0.89),eat breakfast every day (OR=0.86), times of drinking drinks per day (OR=1.12), Smoking (OR=0.87), drinking (OR=1.07), eating fruit per day (OR=1.07), watching TV ≥2 hours a day (OR=1.06), sleeping time (OR=0.93) and school period may be related to obesity (P<0.05). Conclusion The overall obesity rate of students in Inner Mongolia is relatively high, and the occurrence of obesity is related to diet, exercise behavior, living habits and psychological factors.