ObjectiveTo estimate the applications of ADC value and rADC value in the diagnosis of nodular lesions of breasts.Methods Fifty-two cases with 66 nodular lesions of breasts confirmed by histopathology underwent diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging.Three b values (0,800 and 1000 s/mm2) were applied.The mean ADC values of the breast nodules,the ADC values of ipsilateral breast( rADC1 )and ADC values of contralateral breast (rADC2 )were respectively measured.The independent-samples t-test and chi-square test were used for statistical analyses.ResultsOf the 52 patients,there were 18 patients with infiltrating ductal carcinoma and 34 patients with fibroadenoma.50 patients with 64 lesions were examined by DWI.( 1 ) at b = 800 s/mm2,the mean ADC values of malignant nodules [ ( 1.01 ±0.09) × 10-3 mm2/s],rADC800-1 (0.52 ±0.07)and rADC800-2 (0.51 ±0.06) were lower than that of the benign nodules [ ADC value = ( 1.54 ± 0.28 ) × 10 -3 mm2/s,t = 8.217,P ＜ 0.01 ; rADC800-1 =0.77 ±0.15,t =9.339,P＜0.01 ; rADC800-2 =0.76 ±0.14,t = 10.394,P ＜0.01 ].The one-side upper limits of 95％ medical reference value of mean values of infiltrating ductal carcinoma were adopted as the threshold point to distinguish the malignant from the benign.The threshold value of breast malignant nodule ADC,the rADC800-1 and rADC800-2 were respectively 1.05 × 10-3 mm2/s,0.55 and 0.53.The sensitivities of the three methods were 75.0％,65.0％ and 60.0％ ; the specificities were 100.0％,95.7％ and 97.8％ ;the positive predictive values were respectively 100.0％,86.7％ and 92.3％ ; the negative predictive values were 90.2％,86.3％ and 84.9％; the diagnosis accordance rates were respectively 92.4％,86.4％ and 86.4％.( 2 ) at b = 1000 s/mm2,the mean ADC values of malignant nodules [ ( 0.93 ± 0.08 ) ×10-3 mm2/s],rADC1000-1 (0.53 ±0.09) and rADC1000-2 (0.52 ±0.07) were also lower than that of the benign nodules[ ADC value= (1.45 ±0.28) ×10-3 mm2/s,t=11.844,P＜0.01; rADC1000-1 =0.75 ±0.16,t=5.820,P ＜ 0.01 ; rADC1000-2 = 0.74 ± 0.15,t = 8.082,P ＜ 0.01 ].The threshold value points breast malignant nodule ADC,the rADC1000-1 and rADC1000-2 were respectively 0.97 × 10-3 mm2/s,0.58,0.55.The sensitivities were all 70.0％ ; the specificities were respectively 100.0％,95.7％ and 93.5％ ;the positive predictive values were 100.0％,87.5％ and 82.4％ ; the negative predictive values were 88.5％,88.0％ and 87.8％ ; the diagnosis accordance rates were 90.9％,87.9％ and 86.5％ respectively.There were no significant differences in specificities and the diagnosis accordance rates ( x2 = 1.232,2.263 ; P =0.942,0.812 ).Conclusions ADC value and rADC value are both important parameters of MRI in differentiating benign and malignant breast diseases.The study indicated that ADC value ( at b =800 s/mm2) was the most valuable parameter.

Objective To investigate the dynamic change and the clinical curative effect evaluation of plasma (1-3)-beta glucan D (BG) in the patients with pulmonary disease complicating fungal infection .Methods The MB-80 miroorganism dynamic rapid de-tection system and fungi BG detection kits were adopted to detect plasma BG content before and after treatment in 87 cases of pul-monary disease complicating fungal infection and the controls .The sputum culture in the patients was performed before and after treatment .Results Plasma BG levels before antifungal therapy ,at 1 ,2 weeks after treatment in 87 patients were (162 .81 ± 70 .03) , (15 .89 ± 30 .88) and (4 .58 ± 7 .87)pg/mL ,which in the control group was (5 .62 ± 1 .83)pg/mL ,plasma BG level had statistical differences between before treatment and at 1 ,2 weeks after treatment in the patients with the control group (P<0 .05);Plasma BG levels between at 1 week after treatment with at 2 weeks after treatment and the control group had statistically significant differ-ences (P<0 .05) .Among 87 patients ,66 cases were positive sputum culture at 1 week after antifungal drug treatment and 9 cases were positive sputum culture at 2 weeks after treatment .Conclusion Continuously monitoring the patient′s plasma BG level com-bined with the sputum fungal culture results ,clinical symptoms and lung shadow in X-ray has certain clinical value to judge the anti-fungal effect .

Objective To investigate the clinical diagnostic value and pathogenesis of serum protein identification in Keshan disease (KD).Methods A total of 65 chronic KD patients were selected as the patient group in KD endemic areas,while 29 cases of dilated cardiomyopathy (the DCM group),62 healthy cases from KD endemic areas (control 1 group) and 28 healthy cases from non-endemic areas (control 2 group) were selected as controls.Liquid chip time of flight mass spectrometry (ClinProtTM MALDI-TOF-MS) was used to determine the expression of proteins/peptide peaks.ClinProTools 2.2 software was used to analyze the protein profiles to determine differentially expressed proteins/peptide peaks.The Genetic Algorithm (GA),QuickClassifer Algorithm (QC) and Supervised Neural Network Algorithm (SNN) methods were used to screen marker proteins.Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry technique (MALDI-TOF/TOF) was also used as a secondary mass spectrometry to identify differentially expressed peptides.Results Between the KD and control 1 groups,34 differentially expressed proteins/peptides and 5 marker proteins were identified,while 52 differentially expressed proteins/peptides and 5 marker proteins were identified between the KD and control 2 groups,and there were 67 differentially expressed proteins/peptides and 5 marker proteins between the KD and DCM groups.During secondary mass spectrometry,two peptides for mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) 2 079 and 1 465 were obtained,peptide of matching β-globin showed low expression while peptide of matching fibrinogen showed high expression in the KD patients.Conclusions Serum marker proteins can be used as biomarkers for diagnosis and differentiation of KD.β-globin and fibrinogen play an important role in the development of KD myocardial injury.

Objective To investigate the effect of computer-assisted cognition training on the cognitive functioning of schizophrenic patients.Methods One hundred and four persons with schizophrenia were randomly divided into a research group of 51 cases and a control group of 53.The former were given computerized cognition training covering attention,memory and executive functions.The training lasted 2 months.The controls received regular occupational and recreational therapy.Before and after the treatment the 2 groups were evaluated using the Positive and Negative Syndrome scale (PANSS),the Trail Making tests A and B (TMTs),Wechsler's memory scale (WMS) and the Wisconsin card sorting test (WCST).Results The average total PANSS score of the research group declined significantly from (70.23 ±7.62) before treatment to (59.82 ± 8.41) after treatment;so did that of the control group from (68.32 ± 10.14) to (59.45 ± 9.05).The average negative symptoms scale score of the treatment group and the control group also decreased significantly for (21.46 ± 3.26) before treatment to (16.67 ±3.20),and from (20.82 ±4.21) to (17.08 ±3.23) respectively,but there was no significant difference between the groups in the magnitude.The research group's average TMT A and TMT B scores also decreased from(51.76±21.18) and (114.31 ±35.76) to (44.14 ±17.51) and (96.47 ±34.43),while no significant difference was observed before and after the treatment in the control group.The WMS recognition and regeneration scores of the research group improved significantly from (5.83 ± 3.12) and (8.63 ± 3.45) to (8.21 ± 3.96) and (10.24 ±3.52) after intervention,while no improvement was found in the control group.The same trend was observed in the total test number,the continuous error numbers,the correct numbers and the classification number scores in the WCST.Conclusion Computerized cognition training can improve the cognition of persons with schizophrenia to some extent.

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents of Periploca calophylla.

METHODVarious chromatographic techniques were used to isolate the constituents, and their structures were identified by spectral and chemical methods.

RESULTTwo oligosaccharides were isolated from the chloroform part of P. calophylla and their structures were identified as 4-O-acetyl-beta-cymaropyranosyl (1-->4)-O-beta-D-cymaropyranosyl(1-->4)-O-beta-D-canaropyranosyl (1-->4)-O-beta-D-cymaropyranosy(1-->4)-O-oleandronic acid-delta-lactone(1), and perisaccharide B (2).

CONCLUSIONCompound 1 is a new compound. Compound 2 is reported for the first time from this plant.

Carbohydrate Sequence ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; methods ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Structure ; Oligosaccharides ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Periploca ; chemistry ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; methods ; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared ; methods

Objective: To evaluate the association between nocturnal sleep duration and behavioral problems in Chinese school-age Children, and to provide reference for the development of recommended nocturnal sleep duration for school-age children. Methods: A total of 4 160 school-age children selected through cluster random sampling in Guangzhou urban areas. Caregivers reported children’s behavioral problems and sleep habits using parent version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and sleep quality questionnaires. Results: The average nocturnal sleep duration per day of school-age children is (9.07±0.76)h, the proportion of children having slept less than 9 h/d was 46%(1 912). There were statistically significant differences in the distribution of sleep duration among children with different chronotype and maternal education levels(P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in children’s sedentary behavior duration and nap duration at different sleep duration(P<0.05). The association between children’s nocturnal sleep duration and behavioral problems was typically nonlinear and U-shaped(P<0.05). The inflection points of nocturnal sleep duration for total difficulties, emotional problems, conduct problems and peer problems were 9.65, 9.25, 9.42 and 9.30 h, respectively. Conclusion Nocturnal sleep duration shows a nonlinear association with behavioral problems in school-age children. The optimal range of nocturnal sleep duration for mental health is between 9 to 10 hours and the problems of psychological behavior were the least among school-age children.

objective This paper analyzes the physical examination results of blood routine, chromosome deformity rate, micronucleus rate and thyroid function test of some radiation workers in Chongqing from 2018 to 2019, understands the occupational problems of radiation workers, and provide scientific basis for putting forward reasonable suggestions method:Methods 2656 cases in 2018 and 2922 cases in 2019 were selected through the information platform of physical examination system. A total of 5578 physical examination results in two years were statistically analyzed and analyzed. Results The abnormal rate of blood routine, the detection rate and abnormal rate of chromosome distortion and micronucleus, and the abnormal rate of thyroid gland function (T3, T4, TSH) between the control group and the radiation group are significant differences (P < 0.05). There were significant differences in the abnormal rate of blood routine, thyroid function (T3, T4, TSH), chromosome teratosis rate, micronucleus detection rate and abnormal rate between radiation diagnosis and treatment and industrial flaw detection, but there was no significant difference in the abnormal rate of chromosome (P > 0.05). There was significant difference between < 10 year group and 10 ～20 year group, and there was significant difference in platelet, white blood cell and hemoglobin between 10 ～20 year group and 20 year group (P < 0.05). There was no statistical significance in erythrocyte difference (P > 0.05). There was significant difference in the abnormal rate of thyroid function among the three working age segments (P < 0.05). The detection rate of chromosome distortion was significantly different between < 10 years group and 10 ～20 year group (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between the other two groups (P > 0.05). There was significant difference in the abnormal rate between the two groups (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in pairwise comparison of micronucleus detection rate among groups (P > 0.05), but there was significant difference in abnormal rate among groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion The long-term low dose ionizing radiation environment will damage the hematopoietic and endocrine system of radiation sensitive human body.

Objective:To identify micronuclei through the cytochalasin B blocking micronucleus method-based assay using scanning microscope, combined with the slide scanning software Metafer 4 and, accordingly, to establish a dose-response relationship between the dose of 60Co γ-rays and the frequency of micronuclei in human peripheral blood lymphocytes using artificial intelligence-based color recognition. Methods:Blood samples were collected from four healthy individuals (two men and two women) and were then exposed to varying doses of 60Co γ-ray radiation (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 Gy) at a dosage rate of 0.74 Gy/min. Micronucleus slides were prepared as per the GBZ 128-2023 standard. The numbers of binuclear cells and micronuclei were recorded using an artificial intelligence-based color recognition analysis system. The dose-response curve was determined through fitting using the CABAS software. Then, the doses to both independent samples were estimated based on the curve. Results:Within a dose range of 0 to 5 Gy, the fitted micronucleus dose-response curve aligned with a quadratic polynomial model, with a regression equation of y = 0.032 1 D2+ 0.023 7 D+ 0.012 7 ( D denoting the dose, correlation coefficient R2=0.998). The dose estimations from the validation samples closely corresponded to the actual irradiation doses. Conclusions:Establishing the micronucleus dose-response curve provides a feasible method and basis for the rapid and accurate estimation of radiation biological doses in laboratory automation.

The process of reading words depends heavily on efficient visual skills, including analyzing and decomposing basic visual features. Surprisingly, previous reading-related studies have almost exclusively focused on gross aspects of visual skills, while only very few have investigated the role of finer skills. The present study filled this gap and examined the relations of two finer visual skills measured by grating acuity (the ability to resolve periodic luminance variations across space) and Vernier acuity (the ability to detect/discriminate relative locations of features) to Chinese character-processing as measured by character form-matching and lexical decision tasks in skilled adult readers. The results showed that Vernier acuity was significantly correlated with performance in character form-matching but not visual symbol form-matching, while no correlation was found between grating acuity and character processing. Interestingly, we found no correlation of the two visual skills with lexical decision performance. These findings provide for the first time empirical evidence that the finer visual skills, particularly as reflected in Vernier acuity, may directly contribute to an early stage of hierarchical word processing.
Adolescent ; Decision Making ; Female ; Form Perception ; physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Pattern Recognition, Visual ; physiology ; Photic Stimulation ; Reading ; Semantics ; Statistics as Topic ; Visual Acuity ; physiology ; Vocabulary ; Young Adult