AIM: To establish the quality standard of Yupingfeng Oral Liquid(Radix Astragali,Radix Sapo-shnikoviae,Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae,etc.); METHODS:Rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae was (identified) by TLC,Radix Saposhnikoviae was identified by HPLC;astrayloside Ⅳ was determined by HPLC.( RESULTS):The recovery of astragloside Ⅳ was 96.7%,RSD was 1.74%.The TLC sports developed were fairly clear,and the blank test showed no interference. CONCLUSION:The mothod developed is simple and accurate with good reproducibility,and the mothod can be used for quality control of Yupingfeng Oral Liquid. withgood

AIM: To establish the GC method for the determination of linalool of Rhizoma Homalomenae. METHODS:The column consisted of Fused Silica Capillary Polyethylene Glyol(30 m?0.25 mm?0.25 ?m),column temperature was at 120 ℃,Injection port temperature at 260 ℃,Detector temperature at 300 ℃,flow rate was 1.0 ml/min. RESULTS: Linalool has a good linearity in the range of 0.011 985～1.997 5 ?g.The recovery rate was 99.2%,RSD was 1.63%. CONCLUSION: The method developed is simple and accurate with good reproducibility,and can be used for quality control of Rhizoma Homalomenae.

Objective To compare distribution and antimicrobial resistance of methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus(MSSA)and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcusaureus(MRSA)in hospitalized children,and provide refer-ence for empirical use of antimicrobial agents.Methods Isolation and clinical data of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)from hospitalized children in a hospital during 2011-2015 were analyzed retrospectively,distribution and antimicrobial resistance between MSSA and MRSA were compared.Results A total of 919 strains of S.aureus were isolated,632(68.77% )of which were MSSA,287(31.23%)were MRSA.65.03% of MSSA infection and 64.11% of MRSA infection were in children aged 29 day-1 year old.80.38% of MSSA and 79.09% of MRSA were isolated from sputum specimen.MSSA and MRSA were mainly distributed in department of pediatric respiratory medicine(50.73%,45.89% respectively)and department of pediatric neurology(22.98%,26.84% respectively). Resistance rates of MSSA to antimicrobial agents were<20.00% except penicillin and erythromycin;resistance rates of MRSA to penicillin,oxacillin,erythromycin,and clindamycin were all>40.00%;resistance rates of MR-SA to tetracycline,erythromycin,clindamycin,levofloxacin,ciprofloxacin,moxifloxacin,nitrofurantoin,and ri-fampin were all higher than MSSA.Conclusion MSSA is main S.aureus isolated from hospitalized children,in-fants under 1 year of age are the main population,the main distribution departments of MSSA and MRSA from re-spiratory tract specimen are similar,antimicrobial resistance of MRSA is generally higher than that of MSSA.

Objective To investigate the distribution and antimicrobial resistance of pathogens isolated from blood culture of children in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU),provide reference for empirical treatment of bloodstream infection in critically ill children.Methods Pathogenic bacteria isolated from blood culture of children in a PICU in 2011-2015 were identified and performed antimicrobial susceptibility testing.Results A total of 180 strains of pathogens were isolated from 3 215 blood specimens,the positive rate was 5.60 ％,153 (85.00 ％) of which were grampositive bacteria and 27 (15.00 ％) were gram-negative bacteria.The top five isolated pathogens were Staphylococcus epidermidis (26.67 ％),Staphylococcus hominis (25.00 ％),Staphylococcus haemolyticus (11.66 ％),Escherichia coli (5.55 ％),and Staphylococcus aureus (3.89 ％).The resistance rates of Staphylococcus spp.to linezolid,vancomycin,and quinupristin/dalfopristin were all 0;the detection rates of methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (MRCNS) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) were 70.18％ and 42.68％ respectively;Escherichia coli had high resistance rates to ampicillin,cefazolin,ceftriaxone,gentamycin,and compound sulfamethoxazole (50.00 ％-80.00 ％).Conclusion CNS and Escherichia coli are the main pathogens in blood culture of children in PICU,differences in antimicrobial resistance exist among different types of CNS.

Objective:To improve the quality standard for Anweiyang capsules. Methods: TLC was used to identify Glycyrrhiza inflata Bat. Licochalcone A was determined by RP-HPLC. Using a C18 Column, the mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0. 1% phos-phoric acid(40:60), and the detection wavelength was at 376 nm. Results:The herb could be identified by TLC. For licochalcone A, the linear range was from 25. 563 to 1 533. 798 ng, and the average recovery was 99. 8%(n=9). Conclusion:The method is simple and accurate, which can be used to improve and control the quality of Anweiyang capsules.

Objective We tried to explore nursing postgraduates' expectations of clinical practice,and build a set of practicable clinical practice program which contributed to cultivate comprehensive ability of nursing postgraduate.Methods Using judgment sampling and snowball sampling,the questionnaire survey was conducted among 111 nursing postgraduates,and expectations of clinical practice of postgraduates with dif-ferent ages and different work experiences were compared.Results Most nursing postgraduates hold that the clinical practice was necessary.Nursing postgraduates with different ages and work experiences had different expectations of chnical practice,and the differences were statistically significant,x2 value was 11.594 and 4.416,P ＜ 0.05.Nursing postgraduate with different working experience showed statistical difference in clinical expectation of total practice time,x2=1 1.290,P ＜ 0.05.Conclusions Nursing post-graduates with different ages and work experiences have different expectations of clinical practice.Colleges should build a set of reasonable clinical practice program,based on training objectives,research direction,practice expectations of nursing postgraduates.

Objective:To develop a method for determining deoxynivalenol in four kinds of traditional Chinese herbal medicines. Methods:After being extracted by water, purified by an immunoaffinity column, deoxynivalenol was analyzed by LC-MS-MS. Results:The calibration curve was linear within the range of 2-50 ng·ml-1 for deoxynivalenol. The recovery was 68. 7%-88. 3%. Conclusion:The method is simple, sensitive and accurate in the determination of deoxynivalenol in Semen Ziziphi Spinosae, Semen Sojae Praepara-tum, Semen Coicis and Fructus Psoraleae.

A method of LC-QTOF/MS combining with chemical synthesis has been used to determine the structures of three novel bile acids from bear bile powder. Reference substances of tauroursodeoxycholic acid and taurochenodeoxycholic acid were oxidized by pyridinium chlorochromate. The products were analyzed by LC-QTOF/MS. Total 4 products including 3 isomers were predicted and identified according to the PCC oxidation theory and LC-QTOF/MS results. Bear bile powder samples were dissolved by methanol and analyzed by LC-QTOF/MS. Three unknown peaks were found and identified as 2-[[(3beta, 5beta)-3-hydroxy-7, 24-dioxocholan-24-yl]amino]-ethanesulfonic acid, 2-[[(5beta)-3, 7, 24-trioxocholan-24-yl]amino]-ethanesulfonic acid and 2-[[(5beta, 7beta)-7-hydroxy-3, 24-dioxocholan-24-yl]amino]-ethanesulfonic acid, separately, by matching their results with that of oxidation products above.

This paper aims to establish a method for the determination of sulfur dioxide in sulfur fumigation Chinese herbs. Sample powder and hydrochloric acid solution were isolated by paraffin layer in order to avoid early reactions, with the generation of sulfur dioxide, headspace with airtight needle was used to transfer sulfur dioxide into gas chromatograph, and detected with thermal conductivity detector. The analytical performance was demonstrated by the analysis of 12 herbs, spiked at four concentration levels. In general, the recoveries ranging from 70% to 110%, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) within 15%, were obtained. The limit of detection (LOD) was below 10 mg x kg(-1). Standard addition can be used for low recovery samples. The method is simple, less time-consuming, specific and sensitive. Methods comparison revealed that gas chromatography is better than traditional titration in terms of method operability, accuracy and specificity, showing good application value.

The paper is to report the establishment of a method for the determination of multi-residue organochlorine and pyrethroid pesticides in traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs). Fifty-six pesticides were extracted by high-speed homogenization, and then purified through gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and solid phase extraction (SPE) cartridges. The residues were simultaneously identified and quantified by GC-ECD equipped with dual tower, dual column and two micro-ECD detectors. The analytical performance was demonstrated by the analysis of 3 TCMs samples' extracts, spiked at three concentration levels for each pesticide. In general, the recoveries ranging from 70% to 110%, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) better than 15%, were obtained. The limit of detection (LOD) for most of the targeted pesticides tested was below 0.01 mg kg(-1). The method had good extraction efficiency, purification effect and good reproducibility, which could be applied to the determination of organochlorine and pyrethroid pesticide residues in the routine analysis of TCMs.