Objective To identify knowledge structure and knowledge requirement of undergradu-ate course nursing teachers in our province, and offer corresponding training suggestions to construct teaching staff with reasonable knowledge structure. Methods The author adopted investigation method by giving questionnaire to 181 nursing teachers that assumed undergraduate course nursing education, the main content included general circumstance, knowledge structure and knowledge requirement of un-dergraduate course nursing teachers in Heilongjiang province. Results Nursing teachers in the fields of knowledge all had low score items, they most lacked foreign languages and expertise knowledge, the ur-gent need was to improve teaching theory and practice of teaching ability. Conclusions Nursing teach-ers possess some weak links in all areas of knowledge to different' extent, and the knowledge structure needs to be further improved. The college leaders should provide targeted training combined with nursing teachers' knowledge needs.

Objective To understand the basic structure of undergraduate nursing education teachers in Heilongjiang province in order to provide the scientific reference for the construction of our provincal nurse teachers troop.Methods Using self-made questionnaires and in the form of mail,the investigation about the basic structure and existing problems of undergraduate nursing education teachers in Heilongjiang province was carried out from December 2006 to March 2007.Results The finding was that at present some disparities existed between the basic situation of the teachers troop and higher nursing education development request.Number of professional and part-time teachers bad very wide difference;the professional title distribution was unreasonable in various schools and the proportion of double-teacher type was somewhat low,education background levels were different and the teachers who had hish education qualification were scarce;the teachers'insufficient teaching experience caused the poor teaching basic skills and so on.Conclusions There exists certain problems in undergraduate nursing education teachers in Heilongjiang province.Not until the positive countermeasures according to the cause were taken,can we construct a nursing teachers troop which has the required education background,the reasonable structure and the developmental potential.

Objective To investigate the effects of oral care using hydrogen peroxide and sodium bicarbonate to prevent neonatal ventilator associated pneumonia(VAP). Methods Totally 209 neonates were recruited and divided into the experimental group with 104 cases and the control group with 105 cases by using random number table method. Based on conventional mechanical ventilation nursing,the experimental group received oral care using 1.5%hydrogen peroxide combined with 2.5% sodium bicarbonate,Q8H,while the control group received oral care using only 2.5% sodium bicarbonate,Q8H. Positive results of bacteria detection in tracheal sputum culture,the incidence rate of VAP,mechanical ventilation time,hospitalization time and hospitalization costs were compared between two groups. Results After 48 hours of mechanical ventilation,the difference in positive results of bacteria detection in tracheal sputum culture between two groups was statistically significant(P<0.05). The difference of incidence rate of VAP between two groups showed no statistical significance(P>0.05) when the duration of the mechanical ventilation was 48 hours. While after 48 hours of the mechanical ventilation,the difference of the incidence rate of VAP between two groups was statistically significant(P<0.05). The differences in mechanical ventilation time and hospitalization time between two groups were statistically significant(P<0.05). The hospitalization costs of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group,while the difference showed no statistical significance(P>0.05). Conclusion The combined usage of hydrogen peroxide and sodium bicarbonate for oral care can effectively eliminate neonatal oral bacteria colonization and prevent neonatal VAP,so as to reduce the time of mechanical ventilation and hospitaliza-tion, and decrease hospitalization costs.

Objective By summarizing experimental data of animal models of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)and its microvascular complications in rats and mice as animal models,the biochemical indexes were analyzed in order to provide theoretical reference for future experiments.Methods The main topics of"type 2 diabetes""diabetic nephropathy""diabetic foot"and"diabetic retinopathy"were searched on China National Knowledge Infrastructure and PubMed databases to screen out the journal literatures related to T2DM and microvascular complications in clinical and animal experiments published from October 31,2019 to October 31,2022.The subjects,disease types,detection indicators and other contents recorded in the literature were sorted out and summarized,and a database was established for statistical analysis.Results A total of 510 literatures were selected,among which fasting blood glucose was the most frequently used biochemical index in T2DM experiment,urine protein level was the most frequently used biochemical index in diabetic nephropathy experiment,and serum inflammatory factors were the most frequently used biochemical index in diabetic foot and diabetic retinopathy experiment.Conclusions By analyzing the application frequency of biochemical indicators in T2DM and its microvascular complications,this study can provide an important reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment of the disease and the development of animal experiments.

Objective:To explore the academic procrastination (AP) status and related factors in college students. Methods: Totally 828 undergraduates (277 male, 551 female, age 18-25 years) from Sun Yat-Sen University were investigated with a self-made questionnaire for basic information and Undergraduate Academic Procrastination Questionnaire (UAPQ) for AP status. UAPQ included overall learning procrastination (OLP), homework procrastination (HP), exam preparing procrastination (EPP) and self-learning procrastination (SLP). Students who scored more than 3 in OLP, HP, EPP, SLP were regarded as procrastinator. Result: The procrastination rates of OLP, HP, EPP, SLP were 40.7％, 29.7％, 41.5％, and 47.6％. Multiple linear regression analysis results showed that bigger (β = 0.32) and normal (β =0.15) influence for academic by mobile-phone, higher level of computer dependence (β =0.15) were positively related with academic procrastination. Higher (β =-0.27) and normal (β =-0.17) levels of grade satisfaction were negatively correlated with academic procrastination. The seniors' academic procrastination levels were lower than those in other grade (β =-0.12). Conclusion: It suggests that undergraduates procrastinate widely in many academic activities. Bigger and normal influence for academic by mobile-phone, higher level of computer dependence may be risk factors of procrastination, while being satisfied with grades and seniors may be protective factors.

Objective: To investigate the clinical and immunological laboratory features, mutations in SH2D1A gene and SAP protein expression in four children of two families with X-linked lymphoproliferative disease type 1(XLP-1). Method: Four patients (Family A including Patient 1 and Patient 2, Family B including Patient 3 and Patient 4) and their maternal relatives were enrolled in this study. The clinical manifestation, EBV infection status and chest CT scan were analyzed. The absolute and relative numbers of lymphocyte subsets, T lymphocyte proliferative response, SAP protein expression were assessed by flow cytometry. Quantification of signal joint TCR rearrangementexcision circle (sjTRECs), CDR3 spectratyping of TCRvβ and gene mutation of SH2D1A were detected by PCR based on genomic DNA or cDNA. Result: Four male patients from two families were diagnosed with XLP-1. The ages of disease onset were more than 1 year, more than 1 year, more than 1 month and 6 months. The ages at diagnosis were nine years and ten months, sixteen years and eight months, fourteen years and ten months, four years and nine months. All patients had recurrent infections and EBV infection. Patients 1, 2, and 3 had agammaglobulinemia and Patient 4 had hypogammaglobulinemia. Chest CT scan showed all patients had atelectasis and pneumonia, and Patient 3 had bronchiectasis. Patient 3 was diagnosised as Burkitt lymphoma. For immunological function, all patients exhibited reduced CD4/CD8 ratios, increased numbers of exhausted T lymphocyte, decreased number of NK cell. The numbers of total B lymphocyte and naïve B lymphocyte were normal, but the number of memory B lymphocyte declined in all cases. Four patients′ copy numbers of sjTRECs were low and CDR3 spectratypings of TCRvβ showed mildly skewed. But their T lymphocyte proliferative response was normal. SAP protein expression in four cases were measured by flow cytometry. Two patients from Family A were absent and two patients from Family B showed decreased values. SH2D1A gene sequence analysis showed that the patients of Family A harbored a nonsense mutation (c.163 C>T; p.R55X) in exon 2. Their mother and two sisters were carriers. A missense mutation of SH2D1A gene (c.278 G>A; p.G93D) in exon 3 was found in the patients of Family B. The mother was carrier. Four patients remain survived, Patient 3 gave up treatment, other three patients received IVIG therapy. Conclusion Four patients with XLP-1 from two families characterized by agammaglobulinemia have an extreme vulnerability to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. The functions of T cell, B cell and NK cell are impaired at different stages. The detection of SAP protein and SH2D1A gene are the key methods for diagnosis of XLP-1.