Objective To investigate the work experience and needs of volunteers for spreading action of knowledge about prevention and control of TB.Methods The phenomenological research methods were adopted,l0 volunteers who participated in spreading action of knowledge about prevention and control of TB were investigated by in-depth interview,and data were analyzed by Colaizzi seven-step analysis method.Results The work experience of volunteers who participated in spreading action of knowledge about prevention and control of TB was epurated with three main topics:facing difficulty,responsibility and mission,growth and harvesting.Conclusions Volunteers who participated in spreading action of knowledge about prevention and control of TB should constantly improve their own quality,and practice volunteer promise.Managers should improve volunteer management standard,and provide necessary support during the process of training,work and development of volunteers.

Objective To study and compare the efficacy and safety of meropenem and imipenem cilastatin in the treatment of elderly patients with pulmonary infection.Methods A total of 124 elderly patients with pulmonary infection treated in our hospital were chosen.They were randomly divided into two groups.61 patients in the control group were treated with imipenem cilastatin, and 63 patients in the study group were treated with meropenem injection.After two weeks of treatment, the clearance rate of the pathogens, the effective rate of treatment and the incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.Results The clearance rate of pathogens in the study group was 98.41%, significantly higher than the control group (88.52%).There was no significant difference in effective rate between the study group (98.41%) and the control group(93.44%).There was no significant difference in incidence of adverse reactions between the study group (7.94%) and the control group (13.11%).Conclusion Meropenem or imipenem cilastatin has similar effective rate and adverse reactions , while meropenem could effectively eradicate bacterial infection in the treatment of pulmonary infection in elderly patients.

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) can detect the integrity of white matter in vivo, through which various white matter damages of the brains have been found in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), even mild cognitive impairment. These damages of white matter may relate to the impairment of cognitive function, otherwise, damages in various area may result in various clinical features. DTI may fur-ther be used in the study of AD development and therapeutic evaluation.

Purpose:To assess the association between the genetic polymorphisms of N-acetyltransferase1 (NAT 1) and the susceptibility to primary liver cancer (PLC). Methods:The NAT1 genotypes of 96 PLC cases and 173 controls were detected with polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism. And the interactions between NAT1 and environmental risk factors were also analyzed. Results:In PLC cases, the frequencies of NAT1 *3, NAT1 *4, NAT1 *10 and NAT1 *14B were 20.3%, 50.5%, 24.0% and 5.2%, respectively. The frequencies of NAT1 *3/ *3, NAT1 *3/ *4, NAT1 *3/ *10, NAT1 *3/ *14B, NAT1 *4/ *4, NAT1 *4/ *10, NAT1 *4/ *14B, NAT1 *10 / *10 and NAT1 *10/ *14B genotypes were 4.2%, 25.0%, 3.1%, 4.2%, 31.3%, 10.4%, 3.1%, 14.7 and 4.2%, respectively. No statistically significant difference of the frequencies was found between the two groups. In PLC cases, the frequencies of rapid type NAT1 and slow type NAT1 were 32.3% and 67.7% respectively, which had no statistically significant difference compared with the control group. The interaction between NAT1 *10 and occupational exposures was found with an odds ratio of 3.40(95%CI:1.03～11.22). Conclusions:There is no relation between genetic polymorphisms of NAT1 and PLC. NAT1 *10 interacts with occupational exposures.

MicroRNAs(miRNAs) is a class of small endogenous noncoding RNAs with 22 nucleotides.They can negatively regulate gene expression by inhibiting target mRNAs′translation or degrading mRNAs .Up to now, it has been proved that miRNAs play an important role in cellular proliferation , apoptosis , cell differentiation , and embryonic development .In this article , mechanism and function of miRNAs , principal methodologies in the research of miRNAs and the latest development of miRNAs in early embryonic de -velopment are discussed .

Objective To explore the effects of L-Arginine on diabetic vascular endothelial function. Methods 60 patients with Diabetes were randomly divided into two group:placebo control group(30 patients)and L-Arginine group(30 patients). Patients in L-Arginine group were taken L-Arginine 7g a day. All patients were treated for 28days and other 7days for elution. The plasma concentration of nitric oxide(NO) and endothelin (ET), vWF were measured in each group before and after the experiment. Flow Mediated Dilation(FMD) function of brachial artery of all patients were measured by high resolution vascular ultrasound. Results After the experiment, the plasma concentration of NO in L-Arginine group was higher than that of placebo group, meanwhile the plasma concentration of ET and vWF were lower than placebo group (P ＜ 0. 05). Moreover, FDM in L-Arginine group were significant higher than placebo group(P ＜ 0. 05). Conclusion L-Arginine could protect the vascular function in the diabetic patients.

Endophthalmitis ; etiology ; Humans ; Metals ; Occupational Exposure ; adverse effects

AIM: To investigate Nrf2 that regulates the expression of ?-glutamylcysteine synthetase(?-GCS) in the inflammatory cells in bronchial asthma guinea pig bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF).METHODS: Adult male guinea pigs were randomly divided into control group(group A),asthmatic group(group B) and dexamethasone group(group C).Asthmatic model was established by the method of ovalbumin challenge.MDA concentration in the lung tissue homogenate was detected.The total cell count and the proportion of inflammatory cells in BALF were measured.The methods of immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization were used for detection of the protein and mRNA expressions of Nrf2,Bach1 and ?-GCS.RESULTS:(1) The proportion of eosinophils(EOS) in BALF and the MDA concentration of the lung tissue in group B were higher than those in group A and group C.(2) The result of in situ hybridization indicated that the A value of ?-GCS was the highest in group A compared to group B and group C,but the A value of Nrf2 and Bach1 in 3 groups has no statistical significance.(3) Immunohistochemistry indicated that the A value of ?-GCS in group B was lower than that in group A.The positive rate in cell nucleus of Nrf2 in group B was lower than that in group A and group C.The positive rate in cell nucleus of Bach1 in group B was higher than that in group A and group C.(4) The mRNA expression of ?-GCS(A value) showed positive correlation with the positive rate in cell nucleus of Nrf2 and negative correlation with the positive rate in cell nucleus.A negative correlation between the proportion of EOS in BALF of group B and the ?-GCS mRNA was observed.CONCLUSION: There is disequilibrium between oxidation and anti-oxidation in bronchial asthma guinea pig.Inflammatory reaction decreases the expression of ?-GCS in the inflammatory cells in bronchial asthma guinea pig.Dexamethasone regulates the nuclear translocation of Nrf2/Bach1 and increases the expression of ?-GCS.

Objective To investigate the mechanism,clinical features of severe skin infection developed in the rehabilitation of the elderly diabetic patients and the commonly seen bacterium.Methods The causes of skin injury,the places of infection and bacterium were analyzed retrospectively.Meanwhile,chemical indicators on admission were analyzed.Results Skin injury was caused by the improper family care and the lake of self protection knowledge.The common places for infection were feet and then back and hip skin.Almost all the infections were caused by opportunists,among which staphylococcus was the most common one.The major separated risk factors were hypoalbuminemia,hyperglycemia,and high level fibrinogen and anemia.Conclusion The elderly diabetic patients are subject to skin infection.Diabetic education and careful nursing are the key to the prevention of severe skin infection.

Objective To establish a kind of simple ,rapid ,accurate and reliable method to determine the phenobarbital in the biomaterial .Methods We pre‐treated biomaterial by the method that the reagent of acetone∶water (v/v 8∶2) was firstly used to soak the biomaterial ,and then we took use of ethyl acetate as reagent to extract the phenobarbital of the biomaterial in the present of pH=3-4 .We finally employed GC‐MS to determine these samples .On the one hand ,we not only took advantage of the reten‐tion time of the phenobarbital in total ion current (TIC) but also took advantage of the characteristic fragment ions of phenobarbital in mass spectrogram as qualitative basis .On the other hand ,we took advantage of the external standard method as quantitative ba‐sis .Results The method had the characteristics of the simple and easy operation .There was hardly background interference and there was good separation effect in the method .The method also had the characteristics of fast analytical speed such as the retention time of the phenobarbital was 8 .385 min .The characteristic fragment ions of phenobarbital was m/z 204 and m/z 232 .The charac‐teristic fragment ions of m/z 204 was served as quantitative ion fragments and we employed the external standard method to quanti‐fy in the method .In short ,the average recovery rate of the method was 87 .35% .Relative standard deviation (RSD) was 5 .43% in the method .The lowest limit of detection (LLOD) was 0 .005 mg/mL .Conclusion The method showes satisfactory result that it could be applied to determine the phenobarbital of the biomaterial of forensic toxicological analysis .