MicroRNAs(miRNAs) is a class of small endogenous noncoding RNAs with 22 nucleotides.They can negatively regulate gene expression by inhibiting target mRNAs′translation or degrading mRNAs .Up to now, it has been proved that miRNAs play an important role in cellular proliferation , apoptosis , cell differentiation , and embryonic development .In this article , mechanism and function of miRNAs , principal methodologies in the research of miRNAs and the latest development of miRNAs in early embryonic de -velopment are discussed .

OBJECTIVE To detect the condition of bacteria of the air in wards of our hospital in order to reduce the possibility of air spread. METHODS Ten tuberculosis wards were chosen at random for study.Detected the bacteria content of the air in wards used before and after respectively and analysed the results. RESULTS The average of backgroud bacteria was 164 CFU/m 3 before the wards were used.Two years later,the average of bacteria increased to 682 CFU/m 3.The ratio was 1∶3:2 on average.There were significant differences between them. CONCLUSIONS Humen are the main facters that make the air polluted in these wards.The bacteria content will decline by good environment cleaning sanitation,ventilation and strengthening steriling management.Infection will decline in the hospital.

ObjectiveA survey of the status quo of community nursing health resources in Shao xing countryside was carry out in order to rationally allocate medical resource,optimize quality of medical employees and construct modern rural community nursing patterns.MethodsA survey for 19 health service organizations and 381 nurses in rural communities was carried out with questionnaires.Results There existed regional differences in medical resources.The medical resources per ten thousand people were limited,only 0.7 health education room,1.2 recovery rooms,0.4 women and children′s health center.There was 1 nurse for every 1877 rural residents.The average age of nurses was (30.84±6.88) years old.Nurses on professional health education,community arevention of diseases only accountel for 43.8％.Community nuses of different ages and with different degrees had different knowledge requirements.ConclusionsThe medical resources are limited and imbalanced.The employees are too young and they have only low level of education and are not professional enough.Rational allocation of resources,optimization of personnel structure and abundance of on-the-job training is urgently needed.

Objective To explore whether the polymorphism of human frizzled 3 (rs2241802 ,rs2323019,rs352203) is associated with schizophrenia in Yunnan Han population. Methods PCR-RELP was used to detect the polymorphism of human frizzled 3 (rs2241802 ,rs2323019, rs352203 ) in 153 patients and 100 controls. All patients were evaluated with positive and negative symptom scale(PANSS). Following a linkage disequilibrium test in the 3 loci ,association analysis was carried out between the polymorphism, including haplotype,and schizophrenia in all samples. Results No significant difference of genotype and allele frequency of the 3 loci were observed in 2 groups. There was no difference in genotype and allele frequency of rs2241802 ,rs2323019,rs352203 in Han samples (P＞0.05) . The polymorphisms of the 3 loci had been observed no difference in case-sibling control study of normal group. A-A-C haplotype and G-A-C haplotype were observed with a higher frequency in both samples (P＜0.05). There was no difference in patients and controls in PANSS scores (P ＞ 0.05 ). Conclusions There is no association between polymorphisms of human frizzled 3 ( rs2241802, rs2323019, rs352203 ) and schizophrenia in Han. A-A-C and G-A-C haplotype might possibly associate with schizophrenia in Yunnan Han population.

AIM: To investigate the intraocular growth characteristics of mice embryonic stem (ES) cells in nude mice.METHODS: Murine embryonic stem cells (D3 cell lines) were cultured and maintained in an undifferentiated state in vitro, then transplanted into the eyes of nude mice. In 6-45 d, the nude mice were executed for Morphological and immunohistochemical examinations.RESULTS: ES cells were developed into masses which enlarged gradually in the anterior chamber and vitreous cavity. Morphological examination showed different component: cysts, sheets and cords of medullary epithelium and rosettes in the eyes of the nude mice. Most of cells were highly stained by NSE, and some cells were moderately stained by GFAP.CONCLUSION: The embryonic stem cells(D3 cell lines) could differentiated into medulloepithelioma-like tissue in the anterior chamber and vitreous cavity of the Balb/c nude mice.

Objective: To investigate the effect of diversified health education on the Knowledge, Belief and Practice and rehabilitation of respiratory function training in patients undergoing thoracoscopic radical mastectomy. Methods: A total of 85 patients with thoracoscopic radical resection of lung cancer from January 2016 to December 2017 were enrolled. The patients were divided into treatment group (January 2016 to December 2016, 43 cases) and control group (January 2017 to December 2017, 42 cases). The control group was given respiratory function training under the guidance of routine health education, while the treatment group was given respiratory function training under the guidance of diversified health education. After 3 months of follow-up, the levels of KBP, lung function, and complications of respiratory function training were compared between the two groups. Results: The Knowledge, Belief and Practice scores of respiratory function training in the treatment group were 13.12±1.24, 17.65±2.12 and 17.12±2.24, which were significantly higher than those in the control group (10.65±1.16, 15.32±1.62, 15.23±1.60), and the differences were statistically significant (t=9.479, 5.684, 4.467, P<0.05); the first second of forced expiration (FEV1) accounted for the predicted value (FEV1%), forced vital capacity (FVC%), and FEV1/FVC were (78.32±6.45)%, (65.78±4.35)%, (73.12±5.25), significantly higher than the control group (71.26±7.45)%, (58.70±5.65)%, (65.65±6.12), and the differences were statistically significant (t=4.674, 6.483, 6.045, P <0.05); the 6.98%(3/43) of complications such as atelectasis, pulmonary infection, and pleural effusion were significantly lower than 28.57% (10/42) in the control group (χ²=6.818, P<0.05). Conclusions Diversified health education can improve the level of KBP and behavior of respiratory function training in patients undergoing thoracoscopic radical resection of lung cancer, improve lung function and reduce postoperative complications.

Objective: To explorer factors related to spontaneous reduction in twin pregnancy following assisted reproductive technology. Methods: 2 848 twin pregnant women with treatment of vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) or intra cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles were enrolled at Assisted Reproductive Centre of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity Hospital and Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University from January 2013 to December 2016 respectively. Basic features of subjects, relevant clinical indicators, factors of assisted reproductive therapy and pregnancy outcome were collected from clinical assisted reproductive technology management system. According to the pregnancy outcome, the subjects with spontaneous reduction were classified as case group (n=686), and those with normal twin birth were classified as control group (n=2 162). The features of subjects in the two groups were compared. Non-conditional logistics regression model was used to analyze the related factors of the occurrence of spontaneous reduction. Results: The age of case group and control group were (30.6±4.3) and (30.2±4.0) years old respectively. After the adjustment of male sterile factor, compared to the subjects with luteinizing hormone level on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin administration (HCG) <1.43 IU/L, OR (95%CI) of the subjects with value at 2.59-5.10 IU/L was1.62 (1.08-2.42).Compared to the subjects with number of transferred embryo as 1, OR (95%CI) of the subjects with value as 3 was 0.23 (0.07-0.74). Compared to the subjects with stage of transferred embryo as cleavage stage, OR (95%CI) of the subjects with blastula stage was 0.42 (0.27-0.67). Conclusion Luteinizing hormone level on day of HCG, number and stage of embryo transfer are related factors to spontaneous reduction in twin pregnancy following assisted reproductive technology.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a representative disease of children's neurodevelopmental disorders, brings huge pressure and financial burden to families and society. It is of great significance to explore its etiology and pathogenesis. Therefore, we established an ASD Cohort based on the existing China National Birth Cohort (CNBC), which applied parallel design to recruit and follow up families who achieved pregnancy after receiving assisted reproductive technologies (ART) and families with spontaneous conception. The main aims of this study are to compare the incidence of ASD among children born after ART with those born under spontaneous pregnancy, and to evaluate the impact of ART on the neurobehavioral development of offspring. Additionally, with a variety of clinical and behavioral related information collected during pregnancy and at early life of offspring, we are able to investigate the risk factors associated with ASD comprehensively. This article briefly introduces the objectives, contents, preliminary progress, strength and limitations, as well as further prospects of the ASD cohort study, mainly focusing on the overall design and current progress.

The importance of gut microbes to human health has gradually attracted attention. With the use of animal models, it has been revealed that maternal microbes during pregnancy could influence their children's health outcomes through shaping their microbial composition and regulating the development of their metabolic and immune system. However, the physiological mechanism of the human body is more complex and is affected by the interaction of multiple factors. The research results obtained from animal models are often inconsistent with human studies. At present, the influence of maternal intestinal microbes during pregnancy on the microbial colonization in their offspring and on a series of children's health outcomes is still unclear. Establishing a sub-cohort to detect the microbiome of the women across pregnancy and of their offspring, and further to integrate with variety of environmental and behavioral exposures can better provide reliable support for the research on the mechanism of children's health and diseases. This paper briefly introduces the research objectives, content, progress, strength and limitations of the sub-cohort study.

[Objective] To investigate the effects of advanced male age on the incidence of polyspermy fertilization. [Methods] The study involved data of 4210 in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles treated in our center during Jan.2016 and Sep.2022, including 4053 patients younger than 40 years and 157 patients above 40 years.After propensity score matching, 152 patients in the advance group and 421 in the young group were recruited.The baseline data and the difference in polyspermy fertilization rate were compared between the two groups. [Results] After propensity score matching, there were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of female age, infertility type, infertility years, infertility factors, female body mass index (BMI), male BMI, semen volume, semen pH value, sperm concentration, sperm motility, progressive motility rate, percentage of normal sperm morphology, number of fertilized eggs and number of MⅡ eggs (P>0.05). Among the 573 fresh IVF cycles, the rate of 3 PN cycles was 35.5%, and the incidence of polyspermy fertilization was 6.5%.There were no significant differences in the number of polyspermy fertilized eggs, transferable embryos, high-quality embryos, and blastocysts between the two groups. [Conclusion] Advanced male age has no significant effect on the incidence of polyspermy fertilization.