砄bjective:To elucidate the effects of gradually induced occlusal disorder on the expression of TGF ?1 in temporomandibular condyle of monkey. Methods:In a monkey after extraction of right upper first molar and left lower first molar, a fixed orthodontic appliance was used to cause the adjacent teeth inclined to the space and to occlude with opposite in coordinately. Another monkey was used as the control.8 months later, the animals were sacrificed and bilateral temporomandibular condyles were examined with histologic and immunohistochemical methods.Results:In the animal with teeth extraction, degenerative changes were found in anterior medial part of condyles, the thickness of condylar cartilage decreased significantly, especially in the anterior parts of medial and central thirds, and also the intermediate part of medial third ( P

Objective: To investigate the distribution of abnormal occlusion of permanent dentition in adolescents. Methods: 304 Junior university students aged 16- 18 years old were investigated with their occlusion casts according to the Angle classification and the relationshop of over-jet and over-bite in both anterior and posterior teeth. Asymmetrical Angle category was given to those whose bilateral classifications were different. Results: 19.73% of the subjects were found with normal occlusion. Among the abnormals 58. 05%, 8. 90%, 8. 90% and 24. 15% were found with Angle Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and asymmetrical Angle category respectively. Anterior edge-to-edge relationship, cross-bite, deep over bite, deep-over jet and open bite were 12.71 %, 11.02 %, 5.08%, 5.08 % and 2.12% respectively, posteriorly cross-bite, reverse crosss bite and combination of the two were 19.07%, 17.37% and 0.85 % respectively. Conclusion: The asymmetrical Angle malocclusion and abnormal over-jet and over-bite of both anterior and posterior teeth stand a large ratio in Junior university students.

Objective:To investigate the effect of partial p osterior teeth with reverse cross-bite at one side of mandible on the chewing m ovement. Methods: 16 university students with partial posterior teeth reverse cross-bite and 12 with normal occlusion were included, 5 cycles o f gum chewing movement with left and right side separately were recorded with K6 -Ⅰmandibular kinesiograph (MKG) for the trace and velocity. Results: ①The chewing movement recorded in frontal plane was with a typical cycl e in controls while that in reverse cross-bite individuals was vertically in an d/or out type (59.38%), as well as in and out in same direction type (21.88%). ②Chewing movement in reverse cross-bite patients was in posterior direction, together with a larger angle of closing trace to horizontal plane and higher che wing terminal velocity. Conclusion: Partial posterior teeth with reverse cross-bite at one side have significant effect on both direction and v elocity of chewing movement.

Objective To investigate hippocampal neuronal damage and dynamic change of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA) receptor subunit GluR2 in status epilepticus, to find out whether GluR2/glyceral dehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) interaction has any change.Methods Male Wistar rats (62 cases) were induced to status epilepticus by using LiC1-pilocarpine.The 62 rats were divided into 1 h (6 cases),6 h (12 cases), 24 h (12 cases),72 h (12 cases)and 7 d (20 cases)after status epilepticus.At the same time, the healthy control group (12 cases) was established.Morphologic changes of hippocampus and the amount of apoptotic cells in healthy control and SE model groups at different time points (6 h, 24 h, 72 h, 7 d) (6 cases each group) after status epilepticus were quantified by adopting Nissl staining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end-labeling staining respectively.Expressions of GluR2 in healthy control and SE model groups at 1 h,6 h,24 h,72 h and 7 d (6 cases each group) after status epilepticus were detected by using Western blot.Co-precipitation and Western blot techniques were used to investigate whether the GluR2/GAPDH interaction in the hippocampus was increased.Results Compared with the healthy control group, the number of nerve cells in the hippocampal CA1 and CA3 regions was significantly reduced at all studied time points(F =30.866,24.043, all P ＜0.05).Apoptotic cells in hippocampal CA1 and CA3 regions were significantly increased at 24 h,72 h and 7 d after status epilepticus (F =84.762,52.574, all P ＜ 0.01).GluR2 at 1 h,6 h after status epilepticus was equal to that of the control group (P ＞ 0.05), but it was shown to be significantly down-regulated at other studied time points (F =76.506,P ＜ 0.01);when compared with the healthy control group,the GluR2/GAPDH interaction was significantly up-regulated in the hippocampus at 72 h after status epilepticus (t =7.029, P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Status epilepticus can lead to neuronal damage in the hippocampus.Down-regulation of GluR2 and increase of the GluR2/GAPDH complex formation might be one of the mechanisms involved in hippocampal neuronal damage.

Objective To evaluate the effects of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) on ventricular remodeling. Methods Parameters of every subject including left ventricular mass ( LVM), left ventricular mass index (LVMI), E/A ratio, 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), ambulatory blood pressure monitoring(ABPM) data including 24-hour mean systolic blood pressure(mSBP) and 24-hour mean diastolic blood pressure(mDBP) were collected. Then the relationship of IGT and myocardial remodeling related parameters were analyzed. Results The rate of diastolic dysfunction was higher in the IGT combined with hypertensive group(74% ) compared with the hypertensive group( 39% )( x2 = 6. 5, P ＜ 0. 05 ). The rate of diastolic dysfunction was higher in the IGT group( 34% ) compared with the normal group( 10% ) (x2 = 5.2,P ＜0. 05). The rate of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (LVH)in the IGT combined with hypertensive group (24%) was higher than the other three groups (Hypertension group 7%, IGT group 0, Normal group 0) (x2 =4.561,P ＜0.05), and there was no significance between the rest three groups (P ＞0.05).Stepwise multiple regression showed age and 2 Hours' Postprandial Blood Glucose were independent risk factors of E/A ratio. Conclusions These results suggested that IGT is a possible contributor to left ventricular hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction, and is one of the histopathology of left ventricular remodeling.

Objective To investigate the effectiveness and safety of peritoneal dialysis(PD) in premature infants with acute renal failure(ARF).Methods In the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of Guangdong Province Maternal and Children Hospital, 12 premature infants underwent continuous PD due to ARF from March 2012 to March 2015, without using any antibiotics in the dialysis fluid.Before and after dialysis, the changes of serum urea nitrogen, creatinine, potassium and pH were compared.The complications (blockage, leakage, infection and necrotizing enterocolitis) and gastrointestinal nutrition situation were observed.Wilcoxon signed rank sum test was used for statistical analysis.Results Among the 12 premature infants, the underlying causes of ARF were sepsis (n=9), perinatal asphyxia (n=2), twin twin transfusion syndrome (n=l).The average gestational age was (30.9±3.2) weeks, the average body weight (before PD) was (1 461 ±525) g, the duration of PD was (3.8±2.6) d.Complications associated with PD included leakage (n=3) and peritonitis (n=2) in which Candids albicans and Klebsiella pneumonia were identified in ascites.Gastrointestinal nutrition was built up in six cases within one to four days after dialysis, among which one developing necrotizing enterocolitis on the 7th d after feeding.Finally, eight babies died (six died after initiative discontinued treatment and two died because of critically illness) and four patients were cured and discharged.Lower serum urea nitrogen and potassium levels and higher pH value were shown after dialysis than before [(9.16 ± 3.15) vs (12.71 ±6.98) mmol/L;(4.36±0.82) vs (6.24± 1.72) mmol/L;7.32±0.17 vs 7.21 ±0.17;Z=-2.118,-2.197 and-2.981, all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion PD is an alternative safe and effective treatment for premature infants with ARF due to its simplicity both in manipulation and equipment requirement.

Purpose To investigate the expression of the protein of CD151 and MT1-MMP in adenocarcinoma of esophagogastric junc-tion tissues and to explore their relationship with the invasiveness and metastasis of the tumor. Methods CD151 and MT1-MMP pro-tein were detected by immunohistochemical staining respectively in 15 cases of paraneoplastic normal gastric mucosa tissue, 40 cases dysplasia and 172 cases of adenocarcinoma of esophagogastric junction tissues. Results All of the expression level of CD151 and MT1-MMP protein were increasing according to the order of normal-dysplsia-carcinoma. The expression rate of CD151 was 6. 67%, 20. 0% and 78. 3%, while the rate of MT1-MMP with 13. 3%, 22. 5% and 79. 1% in the normal, dysplasia and carcinoma subgroup. The expression rate of each protein were significant difference among the three goroups (P<0. 05). In the adenocarcinoma of esopha-gogastric junction tissues, the expression of them in the subgroup of poorly-differentiated with serosa invasion and lymph nodes metasta-sis was significantly higher than the other subgroup of well-differentiated with non serosa invasion or lymph nodes metastasis ( P <0. 05 ) . There was a positive correlation between the expression of CD151 and MT1-MMP protein in adenocarcinoma of esophagogastric junction tissues ( P<0. 05 ) . Conclusions CD151 and MT1-MMP assuredly and highly express in the adenocarcinoma of esopha-gogastric junction tissues and they have close relationships, which could involved in the invasiveness and metastasis synergistically in this tumor.

Objective To investigate the effect of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery( VATS) in thoracic disease,and the feasibility to carry out VATS for basic hospital. Methods The data of VATS treatment were collected to compare the differences between study group and control group,and evaluate the the feasibility to carry out VATS for basic hospital. Results The operation time was (100. 75±22. 72) min, blood loss was (54. 27±26. 21) mL,postoperative drainage was (920. 67±171. 99) mL. The postoperative complications were fewer,post-operative hospital stay was shorter,incision time was shorter(P=0. 000) and pain scores was lower(P=0. 000) in study group than that in control group. Basic hospital has the capacity to conduct this technical. Conclusion VATS is feasible to carry out in basic hospital.

Objective To study the radiation dose distribution in the X-ray room,and provide the strategy of radiation protection for the medical staff and the patient’s nursing who had to enter the room while the X-ray was exposing.Methods The thermolumi-nescent dosemeters(TLDs)was placed around the center of the X-ray tube with the same level of the bed.Then,exposure parame-ters,including the X-ray tube voltage value and the field of view,were changed for different groups while exposing.All of the TLDs were taken back to the lab for analysis.Results The differences between the two groups which had the same distance in different di-rections were statistically significant (P <0.01).With the same radiographic condition and direction,the radiation dose on the site of 10 cm from X-ray tube center was the maximum,while the site of 120 cm was the minimum.With the same radiographic condition and distance,the radiation dose on the anode side of the X-ray tube in the room was relative lower,while the site behind the X-ray tube was relative higher.With the same voltage value,distance and direction,the same sites that had the smaller FOV(34 cm×34 cm) received lower radiation dose than those with larger FOV(52.6 cm× 52.6 cm).Meanwhile,the sites with the voltage of 70 kV re-ceived the lower radiation dose than that with the voltage value of 120 kV.Conclusion In the X-ray room,the medical staff and the patient’s nursing can choose the area on the right side(anode side),keep far away from the X-ray tube center,avoid the rear of the X-ray tube and the cathodic direction of the X-ray tube to reduce the radiation dose.

OBJECTIVEThe relationship between occlusion and temporomandibular disorders (TMD) remains disputed. The related epidemiological studies have been carried out focused on the occlusal characteristics in motion, for example in protrusion, retrusion or laterally extension and on some of malocclusion features. Very few studies were carried out on the intercuspal occlusion which is the most important occlusal relationship. Angle's classification of occlusion and the relationship of over-jet and over-bite are two prominent features now generally used in clinical practice for occlusal evaluation. In present study two kinds of features of occlusion were compared among TMD patients, malocclusion patients and university student volunteers, who of the laters represented nature population.

METHODS100 continued cases visiting our TMD Clinic during the year of 2 000 with complain of TMD problem, 100 malocclusion patients in continued orthodontic department records, and 268 university student volunteers were included. All subjects were with complete dentitions, except of age-related third or second molar tooth eruption difference. Study cast were obtained for all 468 subjects involved and following characters were studied. 1. Angle's classification; 2. Over-jet and over-bite relationship. Anteriorly it included cross-bite, cusp-to cusp bite, deep over-bite (without deep over-jet), deep over-jet (with or without deep-bite), open bite, and others. Posteriorly it included cross-bite, reverse cross-bite and others. 3. Abnormal occlusal index: For the purpose of quantitatively comparing the abnormal occlusal relationship of over-bite and over-jet, the occlusal index was introduced. The anterior continued abnormal was scored as 3 while posterior continued oclcusal abnormal scored as 5. The sum of the scores in the same subject was taken as his abnormal occlusion index.

RESULTS1. Ratio of Angle's I patients in malocclusion group was significantly lower than those in TMD group and US group (P < 0.05), while the later two groups had no difference (P > 0.05). 2. The ratios of anterior cross-bite and deep over-jet were higher in malocclusion group than those in other two groups. No significant difference for the other kinds of abnormal over-jet and over-bite relationship were found among the three groups. 3. The abnormal occlusion index of malocclusion group was higher than that of US group, but not than that of TMD group which had no difference with US group either.

CONCLUSIONS1. Aesthetic related anterior abnormal occlusion such as anterior cross-bite and deep-over-jet attract more attention of popular. But they had no relationship with TMD. 2. TMD patients had not significant occlusal features on Angle's classification and over-jet and over-bite relationship compared to malocclusion and nature population subjects.