Sunscreen products have been widely used with the increase in public awareness of sun protection. As sunscreens are structurally stable and resistant to degradation, the concern for their biotoxicity and impact on marine environment has been heightened increasingly, and several countries and regions have successively issued bans on relevant sunscreen products. However, these bans have not yet affected the key international rules and regulations related to sunscreen products. The risks of different sunscreens to marine ecosystems and potential risks to human themselves still need to be evaluated through further multidisciplinary researches.

Objective To investigate the qualitative diagnostic value of MRCP in patients with benign obstructive jaundice.Methods MRCP and conventional MR images were performed in 128 patients with benign obstructive jaundice on a superconductive MR scanner (Plilips medical systems Inc. Eclipse. 1.5T) . Final diagnosis was confirmed by surgical and histopathological findings in 123 patients and other 5 patients by follow-up.Results The accuracy of location diagnosis of MRCP was 100%; the qualitative diagnosis was 95.3%. The specificity, accuracy, sensitivity of the deadwood-sign for diagnosis of benign obstructive jaundice were 100%, 95.3%, 85.7% respectively. Conclusion The deadwood-sign was a specific indicator in MRCP of benign obstructive jaundice.

BACKGROUND: When central nervous system is injured, re-expression of nestin protein may enhance the anti-injury ability of cells and be advantageous to the repair of focus of injury.OBJECTIVE: To explore the reaction of nerve stem cell (NSC) in permanent brain ischemia through NSC migration and the change of nestin protein expression.DESIGN: A randomized and controlled verification research with experimental animals as subjects.SETTING: Anatomy teaching and research offices in a training school and a university.MATERIALS: The experiment was done in the Teaching and Research Office of Humane Anatomy in Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University from October 1999 to January 2001. Totally 75 healthy SD rats were selected and randomly divided into normal control group, experiment group and sham-operation group. Twenty-five animals were in each group. Heads of animals were cut and brain was got out at the 1st, 3rd, 7th, 14th and 28thdays after operation, 5 animals at each time.METHODS: The model was rats with permanent cerebral ischemia. Immunohistochemical dyeing methods were used to observe NSC migration,change of marker of NSC and nestin protein at the 1st, 3rd, 7th, 14th and 28th day after cerebral ischemia.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ①Results of immunohostochemicaldyeing. ②Migration length of nestin+ cells in anterior subentricular zone (SZa) region of brain tissue at normal status and at different time points after cerebral ischemia. ③Number variation of nestin+ cells at different timepoits after ischemia near the ischemic region.RESULTS: Through nestin immunohistochemical dyeing, it was found that NSC in normal brain tissue mainly existed in subependymal zone (SEZ)region. NSC of SEZ migrated in the direction of ischemic region along ventri- corpus callosum after ischemia. Among them, it reached the farthest at the 7th day after ischemia. More nestin+ cells appeared near ischemic region at the 1st day, and then reduced little by little 3 days later.CONCLUSION: NSC has certain reactive ability to ischemic brain injury.Expression of nestin protein near ischemic region may be a kind of protection to injury.

AIM: To observe the change of TNF-? mRNA in hypertrophic cardiac myocytes induced by pressure overload in rats and the effect of captopril. METHODS: Serum and heart were collected 42 days after the cardiac hypertrophy model made by pressure overload by abdomen aorta-constriction (AC). Hypertrophic parameter and the concentration of TNF-? in serum and left ventricle were determined by ELISA. TNF-? mRNA in cardiac myocytes was determined by in situ hybridization and analyze by ELIA image analysis system. The orientation of (TNF-?) mRNA in cardiac myocytes was also observed. RESULTS: Left ventricle hypertrophy was observed 42 days after operation. TNF-? mRNA in AC group elevated 98% compared to sham-operated group and descended 64.14% by captopril ((P

Although there are various indicators for evaluating the effect of anti-HBV therapy,they have low accuracy and sensitivity.New indicators are still needed to guide clinical practice.Recent studies have found that HBV RNA might be a new potential indicator for clinical detection.This article reviews the basic concepts of HBV RNA,related detection methods,and the value of HBV RNA in clinical diagnosis.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the pancreatic fistula affected by different type of pancreaticojejunostomy after pancreaticoduodenectomy.

METHODSElectronic databases PubMed, EMBase, COCHRANE Library, Wanfang, and VIP etc were used to search for randomized controlled trials or non randomized prospective controlled trials reported before September 2013 on clinical effects of pancreaticojejunostomy after pancreaticoduodenectomy. The statistical analysis was done by Review Manager 5.0.

RESULTSA total of 8 trials were included in this meta-analysis. The effects of duct-to-mucosa pancreaticojejunostomy (dmPJ) and invaginating pancreaticojejunostomy (iPJ) on postoperative complication in five studies were compared, and no statistical significance were found in postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) (M-H:OR = 0.77, 95% CI:0.35-1.69, P = 0.52), reoperation (M-H:OR = 1.38, 95% CI:0.64-2.95, P = 0.41) and mortality (M-H:OR = 1.15, 95% CI:0.42-3.13, P = 0.79) between dmPJ and iPJ. The effects of binding pancreaticojejunostomy (bPJ) and conventional pancreaticojejunostomy (cPJ) (including duct-to-mucosa pancreaticojejunostomy and invaginating pancreaticojejunostomy) on postoperative complication were compared, and no statistical significance were found in postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) (M-H:OR = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.28-1.17, P = 0.13) , reoperation (M-H:OR = 1.18, 95% CI = 0.48-2.92, P = 0.72) and mortality (M-H:OR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.27-1.99, P = 0.55) between bPJ and cPJ.

CONCLUSIONThere are no significant differences between dmPJ and iPJ in pancreatic fistula reoperation and mortality, and there are also no significant differences between bPJ and cPJ.

Anastomosis, Surgical ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Pancreas ; surgery ; Pancreatectomy ; adverse effects ; Pancreatic Fistula ; etiology ; surgery ; Pancreaticoduodenectomy ; adverse effects ; Pancreaticojejunostomy ; Postoperative Complications ; surgery ; Postoperative Period ; Prospective Studies ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Reoperation

The parameters of illumination conditions include duration,illumination intensity,color temperature and so on.Different combinations of these conditions have different effects on human beings at the visual and psychological level and are related to occurrence or prevention of psychological diseases.Extension of illumination time and phase change of circadian rhythm increase the risk of bipolar disorder;changes in daytime,night or all-day illumination intensity have psychological effects,especially exposure to light at night increases risk of depression;inaddition,changes in color temperature of light also have psychological effects.This paper reviewed the effects of different illumination conditions on visual psychology.

Objective To evaluate the effect of interleukin (IL)-10 on donor lung function after ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) in rats of cardiac death. Methods Twenty adult male SD rats were randomly divided into the simple perfusion group (group A, n=10) and modified perfusion group (group B, n=10). Perfusate A (without IL-10) and perfusate B (supplemented with IL-10) was administered in group A and B, respectively. The EVLP rat models of cardiac death were established. The appearance of donor lung, dry-to-wet (D/W) ratio of donor lung tissues, the function and metabolism of donor lung, the morphology of donor lung and the levels of inflammatory markers of donor lung were statistically compared between two groups. Results After perfusion, evident edema of the whole donor lung, poor compliance and a large amount of edema fluid discharged from the airway were observed in group A, whereas no obvious edema and good compliance were found in group B. Compared with group A, the D/W ratio of lung tissues in group B was higher (P < 0.05). In both groups, the pulmonary vein partial pressure of oxygen reached the peak at 2 h after perfusion, which did not significantly differ between two groups (P > 0.05). In group B, the pulmonary artery pressure was increased at a lower speed and significantly lower after perfusion, and the lactic acid level in the perfusate was significantly lower than those in group A (all P < 0.05). In group A, the alveolar structure was largely destroyed and the cells was rare. In group B, the alveolar structure was relatively normal without evident cell edema. The incidence of cell apoptosis of donor lung was high in group A, whereas no obvious cell apoptosis of donor lung was noted in group B. After perfusion for 4 h, the levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 and IL-6 were significantly increased, the IL-4 levels were remarkably decreased (all P < 0.05), but the levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-1α and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) did not significantly change in both groups (all P > 0.05). Conclusions IL-10 may improve the function of donor lung after EVLP in rat of cardiac death by reducing cell apoptosis.

The ongoing pandemic coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) remains a significant issue for global health, economics, and society. In order to balance epidemic control and economic recovery, many countries have successively announced the gradual relaxation of some lockdown restrictions. Hospitals and medical staff constitute the backbone in this war against COVID-19. In response to this serious situation, many hospitals went into emergency and impaired healthcare access to patients with conditions other than COVID-19. Therefore, gradually promoting hospital operations and functions back to the new normal is important, especially when this outbreak has been effectively controlled. In this study, we introduce existing and potential problems that could seriously affect people's health. Additionally, we propose that an especial transition phase between the emergency and regular modes of hospitals can be well adapted to the current situation.
Coronavirus Infections ; epidemiology ; Health Policy ; trends ; Hospitals ; standards ; trends ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral ; epidemiology

BACKGROUND: Afatinib, a second-generation irreversible epidermal growth factor inhibitor receptor for the development of non-small cell lung cancer and secondary drug resistance, has low bioavailability and adverse reactions due to current oral administration. The aim of this study was to prepare a novel drug delivery system, afatinib liposome, and to establish a method for the determination of encapsulation efficiency. METHODS: Four different preparation methods were used to prepare afatinib liposomes, and the optimal preparation process was determined by comparing the encapsulation efficiency and particle size. RESULTS: It has been verified that sephadex microcolumn centrifugation can be used to purify afatinib liposomes, and UV spectrophotometry can be employed to determine the entrapment efficiency of liposomes. Among different preparation methods, the encapsulation efficiency of afatinib liposomes prepared by ammonium sulfate gradient method was 90.73% and the average particle size was 108.6 nm. CONCLUSIONS Ammonium sulfate gradient method can be successfully applied to prepare afatinib liposomes that performed higher encapsulation efficiency and smaller particle size. The UV spectrophotometry employed to determine the liposome encapsulation efficiency was easy operation and with high accuracy.
Afatinib ; Capsules ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; drug therapy ; Drug Compounding ; methods ; Liposomes ; Lung Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Quinazolines ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; therapeutic use