Probiotics as intestinal flora regulators are increasingly applied in clinical practice;however,the administration of probiotics in immunocompromised individuals is rarely reported.This article is aimed to review the benefits and risks of probiotics in immunocompromised individuals,such as HIV-infected individuals and patients with malignant tumors.The research evidence shows that probiotics can reduce the occurrence of different types of diarrhea,regulate the intestinal immune status and decrease the incidence of complications in immunocompromised patients.Randomized controlled clinical trials have shown that the risk of adverse events is not significantly increased in immunocompromised patients compared to those with intact immune status and the probiotics-related infections are only presented in case reports.

Objective To analyze the fusion genes derived from 29 types of chromosome structural aberrations in leukemia patients,and the significances on the MICM typing,risk grouping,and minimal residual disease(MRD)monitoring of leukemia.Methods The bone ulan-ow or blood samples from 141 leukemia patients were analyzed with a novel multiplex nested RT-PCR.In addition.chromosomal karyotypes were investigated in some patients.Results Of the 141 leukemic samples,66(46.8%)carried 13 types of MLL/AF6,MLL/AF9,dupMLL MLI/ENL,CBFβ/MYH11 and TLS,ERG.Fusion genes were positive in 27 of 57 ALL patients(47.4 q%),and 33 of 78 AML patients(42.3%),respectively.In these ALL or AML patients,7 or 6 chromosome structural aberrations were found. Conclusion This multiplex nested RT-PCR reaction could screen 29 types of chromosome structural aberrations at the same time. It may be helpful for the diagnosis, risk grouping,prognosis evaluation and the detection of minimal residual diseases after chemotherapy and bone marrow transplantation in these leukemia patients.

Objective To analyze the clinical and biological features of mixed acute leukemia(MAL).Methods Bone marrow specimens of 38 MAL patients were evaluated to prove the diagnosis and the classification by morphoiogic,immunologic examinations.These patients were treated with protocols suitable for both acute myeloid leukemia(AML)and acute lymphoblastic leukemia(ALL).Results All MAL patients had a leukemia syndrome.Morphologically,the subtypes of M1,M2 and M5 were predominant in AML,as L2 Was in ALL.Immunologically,coexpression of myeloid and B lineage associated antigens was predominant,about 68.4%;cytogenetically,Ph chromosome was observed in 33.3%(5/15)of MAL patients,and immunophenotype was B-M;1 Ph chromosome(+)MAL patient,fusion gene bcr-abl 190(+)and immunophenotype was B-M.In 38 cases,32 patients received chemotherapy.The complete remission rate was 28.1%(9/32).CR of.normal karyotype was significantly higher than that of abnormal ones.Conclusion Patients with MAL have unique biological features and the complete remission rate was low and the prognosis was poor.

Objective To evaluate the proportion and clinical significance of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells in childhood acute lymphocyte leukemia(AEL)during different therapeutic stages.Methods 55 peripheral blood samples from 40 children patients with ALL were detected by muhiparameter flow cytometry with fluoresce-hbeled monoclonal antibody.Results Treg cells phenotypically express not only CD62L but also FoxP3 protein.In patients with ALL standard-risk the proportion of CD4+CD25Hi was(1.04±0.33)% in the first course of induction treatment, (1.60±0.44)% in maintenance treatment groups, and(1.29±0.30)% in complete remission groups respectively,while in patients with ALL the intermediate and high risk during maintenance therapy was(2.24±0.75)%.Conclusion Compared with healthy children,the proportion of Treg ceHs in ALL is significantly higher,and may be related to the effect of chemical treatment and severity of ALL.The elevated proportion of Treg may contribute to disease relapse.

Objective To study the significance of morphologic, immunophenotype, cytogenetic features, molecular biology (MICM) and prognosis of t (8;21) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients.Methods Morphological, FAB subtypes, flow cytometric immunophenotyping, G-binding technique and RTPCR were performed in 70 AML patients with t (8;21) and AML1-ETO fusion transcripts as compared with normal karyotype 70 AML patients. Results In 70 AML patients with t(8;21), 1 case of M1, 64 cases of M2, 3cases of M4 and 2 cases of ambiguity AL according to FAB classification. The CD13, CD33, CD34 and CD117expression were higher, meanwhile CD19 was positive in 40 %, CD15 was 11%, CD11b was 10 % and CD7 was 7 %. Cytogenetically, 50 % cases had additional chromosomal abnormalities, and main associated recurrent additional abnormalities were loss of a sex chromosome, 9q- and hyperdiploid. AML1/ETO fusion gene transcripts were detected in all 70 AML patients with t(8;21) by RT-PCR. CR rate of t(8;21) AML with CD19were 72 %, t(8;21) AML with CD19 and CD7 were 0; in normal karyotype AML were 31%. Conclusion The t(8;21) is the characteristic chromosome abnormality of M2. In the t(8;21), CD19, CD34 and CD117 expression are high, while CD7 are low. These antigen expression in t(8;21) AML closely correlated with karyotype. CD19 is a marker of good prognosis, but CD7 is a marker of low CR.

Purpose To explore the accuracy of ALK fused gene expression by immunohistochemistry ( IHC) in non-small cell lung cancer ( NSCLC) patients, and to investigate the clinical and pathological features of ALK-positive NSCLC patients. Methods By u-sing rabbit monoclonal D5F3 antibody, ALK IHC was performed on 234 NSCLC patients. ALK positive cases were confirmed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction ( RT-PCR) . Results The positive incidence of ALK by IHC in 234 NSCLC specimens was 8. 97% (21/234), the positive rate of ALK fused gene verificated by RT-PCR was 5. 98% (14/234). There was significant difference with histological type, age, stage (P<0. 05), but no significant difference with gender, smoking history, tumor differentiation. Of 21 cases of ALK-positive NSCLC patients, the consistency of IHC and RT-PCR was 0 when IHC was ( +) , however, when IHC was or immunohistochemical score was >120, the consistency rate was 100%. Conclusion Although immunohistochemical expres-sion of ALK fused gene may have a certain false positive, IHC or immunohistochemical score> 120 show very high value for ALK fused gene RT-PCR followed by ALK immunohistochemistry in lung cancer is a economical and feasible method for the valuation of ALK fused gene.

Objective To analyze the clinical effect of comprehensive intervention for viral meningitis children.Methods Seventy-eight children with viral meningitis were randomly divided into control group(n =36) and observation group (n =42),given routine intervention,and comprehensive intervention,respectively.The clinical efficacy,symptom relief time,discharge time,complication rate and satisfaction were compared between the two groups.Results The effective rate of the observation group was significantly higher,symptom relief time,hospitalization time and complication rate were significantly lower,and satisfaction was higher than that of the control group (P ＜0.05).Conclusion The comprehensive intervention has a significant clinical effect on pediatric viral encephalitis,and it can enhance patients'satisfaction,reduce time for symptom relief and improve the prognosis of complications.So it is worth promoting.

Objective To analyze the clinical effect of comprehensive intervention for viral meningitis children.Methods Seventy-eight children with viral meningitis were randomly divided into control group(n =36) and observation group (n =42),given routine intervention,and comprehensive intervention,respectively.The clinical efficacy,symptom relief time,discharge time,complication rate and satisfaction were compared between the two groups.Results The effective rate of the observation group was significantly higher,symptom relief time,hospitalization time and complication rate were significantly lower,and satisfaction was higher than that of the control group (P ＜0.05).Conclusion The comprehensive intervention has a significant clinical effect on pediatric viral encephalitis,and it can enhance patients'satisfaction,reduce time for symptom relief and improve the prognosis of complications.So it is worth promoting.

OBJECTIVETo assess the platelet and plasma concentrations of fibronectin (Fn) and fibrinogen (Fg) in congenital fibrinogenopenic (FgP) patients and explore their role in inducing platelet adhesion and aggregation.

METHODSA FgP family was selected as study group and the platelets isolated and purified to assess concentrations of Fn and Fg in platelets, alpha-granules and plasma with Western blotting, immuofluoresence staining and flow cytometry (FACS), respectively, the expression of platelets GP II b/III a by FACS.

RESULTSThe concentration of platelets Fn in FgP patients is higher than that in controls, and is higher in homozygote than in heterozygote. In contrast, plasma Fn levels were identical in all samples. The amount of platelet Fg from FgP patients is lower than that from the controls and positively correlated with the concentration of their plasma Fg. No difference in the expression of platelet GP II b/III a had been found.

CONCLUSIONIt suggested that increased platelet Fn could partially compensate the lack of Fg and lead the platelet adhesion and aggregation.

Afibrinogenemia ; congenital ; metabolism ; pathology ; Blood Platelets ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Adhesion ; physiology ; Female ; Fibrinogen ; genetics ; metabolism ; Fibronectins ; blood ; genetics ; metabolism ; Heterozygote ; Homozygote ; Humans ; Male ; Pedigree ; Platelet Aggregation ; physiology ; Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins ; metabolism

Objective To analyze the efficacy of drug-coated balloon in the treatment of hetero-geneous in-stent restenosis.Methods A total of 118 patients who received treatment and diagnosed with heterogeneous in-stent restenosis were selected as study objects,and were divided into two groups using a random table method.The experimental group(n=59)received drug-coated balloon thera-py,and the control group(n=59)received drug-eluting stent therapy.The therapeutic effects of the two different treatment methods on heterogeneous in-stent restenosis were compared.Results There was no significant difference in the incidence of in-stent restenosis in the right coronary artery,cir-cumflex artery,and anterior descending artery between the two groups(P＞0.05).There was no sig-nificant difference between the two groups in the preoperative reference vessel diameter,lesion length,lumen stenosis degree,and localized restenosis(P＞0.05).The postoperative residual ste-nosis rate in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P＜0.05).There was no significant difference between the two groups in the preoperative lumen area,neointimal load,stent inner area,neointimal area,incidence of neoatherosclerosis and thrombus(P＞0.05).Operative lumen area of the experimental group was smaller than that of the control group(P＜0.05).No target vessel reconstruction,stent thrombosis,nonfatal myocardial infarction,or cardiac death occurred in two groups during 12 months of follow-up.Conclusion Drug-coated balloons are effective and safe in the treatment of heterogeneous in-stent restenosis,and can obtain similar effects to drug-eluting stents.