ObjectiveTo explore the effect and safety of intravenous sodium valproate in treatment of pediatric patients with status epilepticus (SE).MethodsTwenty-five children suffering from convulsive SE were treated with intravenous sodium valproate after failure of the conventional treatment, in a dose of tolerability 15 mg/kg and 1～2 mg/kg daily.ResultsIn 25 cases, there were 23 cases (92%) with ≥50% seizure reduction and 11 cases (44%) with complete cessation. Except for winking in 7 cases (28%), no other adverse effects had been found.ConclusionIntravenous sodium valproate is effective and safe on pediatric patients with SE who are resistant to conventional drugs.

Background Epidemiological investigation in human has been conclusive. In postmenopausal women,the incidence of cataract is higher than men at the same age. In addition,hormone replacement therapy may protect against the development of cataract. However,this role of androgen is not clear. Objective This study was to explore the effects of estrogen and androgen on anti-oxidative ability of lens after ovariectomy. Methods Fifty-six three-month-old clean female Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control group,sham operation group, castration group,estrogen eyedrops group;estrogen injection group;androgen eyedrops group;androgen injection group and 8 rats for each. Ovariectomy was performed in the rats of castration group and gonadal hormone application group, and estradiol benzoate solution or testosterone propionate solution were utilized topically or systemly in 5 months after ovariectomy for 6 weeks respectively. Only abdominal cut was curried out in sham operation group. The lenses of rats were examined weekly under the slit lamp. The serum estrogen and androgen levels of rats were detected before,after operation and 6 weeks following the administration of gonadal hormone. The contents of superoxide dismutase( SOD) , glutathione( GSH) ,malondialdehyde( MDA) and water-soluble protein ( WSP) in rat lens homogenate were detected at the end of the experiment. Utilization of animals complied with the Regulation for the Administration of Affair Concerning Experimental Animals by State Science and Technology Commission. Results No opacity of lenses was found during the experiment duration in various groups. The serum estradiol levels of rats in sham group were insignificantly different from normal groups in various time points( P>0. 05). The evident decline of serum estradiol was detected in the rats of castration group and gonadal hormone application groups compared with sham group in 5 months after operation( all P<0. 01). However,at the sixth weeks after the system use of estradiol or testosterone,the serum estradiol levels were significantly higher than the castration group and topical application groups of gonadal hormone(P<0. 01). The contents of SOD,GSH and WSP in lenses were considerably increased,but the MDA level in lenses was decreased after system use of estrogen ( P<0. 01). The activity of SOD and GSH were lower after system use of testosterone in comparison with castration rats ( P < 0. 05 ). Conclusion Estrogen can protect lens against oxidation damage. However, androgen, to a certain extent, may contribute to the development of oxidative damage in OVX female rats.

Microvesicles transport special proteins, micro RNA and DNA segments, which provides new access to intercellular communication. Tumor-derived membrane microvesicles (TMV) are involved in the tumor progress by transporting tumor-derived proteins, delivering microRNA to surrounding normal cells to alter their phenotype and promoting reverse transcription to interfere gene stability and to create tumor microenvironment. TMV also play crucial roles in tumor angiogenesis and matrix degradation, which facilitates malignant cell metastasis. TMVs are also involved in escaping immunological surveillance by intensifying the function of suppressor T cell and inducing apoptosis of cytotoxic T cells. On the other hand, microvesicles carry tumor antigens and can be used for development of tumor vaccines; some new vaccines such as AEX and DEX are under early clinical trials. Circulating microRNA and DNA segments in body fluid can be a new potential biomarker for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Purification of microvesicles needs to be further improved, which is important for identification of microvesicles and their subtypes.
Cell Communication ; Cytoplasmic Vesicles ; chemistry ; physiology ; ultrastructure ; Humans ; Neoplasms ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Neoplastic Processes ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; Tumor Microenvironment

OBJECTIVETo study changes of left ventricular remodeling (LVR) in hypertension patients with carotid atherosclerosis (CAS) of phlegm-dampness syndrome (PDS).

METHODSDoppler ultrasonography data of CAS were observed in 223 hypertension patients with CAS (as the hypertension group, including 119 patients of the PDS group and 104 of the non-PDS group), 81 CAS patients with non-hypertension, and 19 non-hypertension non-CAS patients (as the control group). The difference in the degree of LVR was compared among the above groups.

RESULTSThe left ventricular posterior wall thickness (LVPWT), inter ventricular septum thickness (IVS), E/A were higher in the hypertension group than in the non-hypertension group (P < 0.05). The left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVEDD), left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVESD), stroke volume (SV) were higher in the soft plaque hypertension group and the soft plaque non-hypertension group than in the hard plaque group, the thickening intimal group, and the normal intimal group (P < 0.01 , P < 0.05). The LVEDD, LVESD, and SV were higher, and the ejection fraction (EF) was lower in the PDS hypertension group than in the non-PDS hypertension group (all P < 0.05). Of them, LVEDD, LVESD, and SV were higher in the soft plaque group than in the hard plaque group (P < 0.01), the thickening intimal group (P < 0.01) and the normal intimal group (P < 0.05). There was no statistical difference in PDS hypertension between the soft plaque group and the hard plaque group (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe hypertension patients with CAS of PDS might be correlated to LVR, and LVR was more obviously in the soft plaque patients.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Carotid Artery Diseases ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Middle Aged ; Ultrasonography ; Ventricular Remodeling

The role of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in the central regulation of the circulation is known to be a neurotransmitter or a neuromodulator, but its actions on baroreceptor reflex function are not fully resolved. The present study examined the role of ANP (6, 60 ng/0.2 microl) by direct microinjection into the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) in conscious rats. OPC-21268 (0.45 microg/3 microl), an antagonist of the V(1) receptor, was microinjected into the lateral ventricle to examine whether the effect of ANP on baroreflex sensitivity is mediated by vasopressin (VP). ANP significantly increased the baroreflex sensitivity, and OPC-21268 attenuated the increase of baroreflex sensitivity induced by ANP. Intravenous injections of ANP (60 ng/0.04 ml) did not affect baroreflex sensitivity. These results suggest that ANP in the PVN may produce a facilitative effect on baroreflex, and the effect may be via, at least in part, the central vasopressin.
Animals ; Atrial Natriuretic Factor ; pharmacology ; physiology ; Baroreflex ; drug effects ; physiology ; Male ; Microinjections ; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus ; physiology ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

Objective To investigate the constitution and status of neurosurgery nurses in Beijing,and to provide evidence for the standardization of the hierarchical use of neurosurgery nurses.Methods A serf-designed questionnaire based on characteristic of neurosurgery nursing work was used to investigate 144 neurosurgery nurses' status and their working content.The data Were allalyzed with software SPSS 13.0.Results 82.64%of the nurses had a primary title,and 76.38%of them had a technical secondary school or junior college education background,40.28%of the nurses had been worked for less than 5 years;Nurses with different education backgrounds.title or length of service had no significant difference in"routine work"(P>0.05);There were significant differences between nurses in"professional work",such as"writing nursing document"、"rehabilitation training","operating precision iustnment",etc,and in guiding clinical practice(P<0.05).Conclusions Hidden danger exists in neurosurgery nursing work. All nurses are participating in basal nursing. Nurses with considerable working experience,professional level and age bracket become the main force in specialized nursing,teaching and nursing research.

Objective To describe the prevalence of metabolic syndrome(MS) among rural adult residents in Ningxia, under IDF2005 ATP Ⅲ 2005 AHA and CDs2004 definition. Methods Stratified cluster sampling methods was used and the participants were interviewed by trained health workers under a structured questionnaire. The number of research subjects was 1612. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), blood lipids, body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure (BP) of all samples (1612 subjects) were measured, and related data was analysed by IDF2005, ATP Ⅲ 2005 AHA, as well as CDs2004 definition of MS. Results The age-standardized prevalence of MS was 15.00% by ATP Ⅲ 2005 AHA definition and 11.80%by IDF 2005 definition and 6.71% by CDs 2004 definition, respectively. Based on IDF 2005 and ATP Ⅲ 2005 AHA definition, women had higher prevalence than men (16.3% vs. 5.4%, 18.9% vs. 8.9%, P<0.01), but there was no significant difference (P>0.05) between them according to the CDs definition. MS prevalence among Hui (Muslim) ethnic group was higher than Han ethnic group(P<0.05). The prevalence of MS increased with age in all samples and the prevalence of MS started at age of 35 in Hui ethnic group, higher than in Han ethnic group. There was no significant difference in the prevalence rates of MS between male Hui ethnic group and male Han ethnic group (P>0.05). The prevalence of MS in female Hui ethnic group was higher than Han ethnic group females (P<0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of MS was high in the rural adult residents, in Ningxia. Clusters of MS components were commonly seen, and the main disorder appeared in lipid abnormalities and abnormal glucose metabolism. It is necessary to discuss that the cut off point of central obesity for the waist circumference diagnostic criteria of MS in different ethnic groups in China. Big differences on the components of MS were seen in different ethnic groups. It is important to choose suitable MS definition for prevention of MS and to reduce the incidence of cardiovascular disease.

To study effect of vitrification state of protective solutions on recovery of red blood cells after lyophilization, four protective solutions composed of isotonic buffers containing 7% DMSO (v/v) and 20%, 30%, 40% or 50% polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) (w/v) were adopted. Vitrification state of protective solutions was examined first when white ice crystal appeared in any protective solution during freezing or thawing, if the used solution was not a vitrification solution. Red blood cells were lyophilized in MINILYO45 freeze-dryer after washing, mixing with protective solutions and prefreezing. After lyophilization, the samples were quickly rehydrated by 37 degrees C rehydration solution. The results showed that in vitrification and devitrification experiments, white ice crystal appeared in solution of 20% PVP + 7% DMSO and 30% PVP + 7% DMSO during freezing and thawing; vitrification appeared in solution of 40% PVP + 7% DMSO during freezing, but devitrification appeared during thawing; vitrification appeared in solution of 50% PVP + 7% DMSO during freezing and thawing. After rehydration, the recoveries of red blood cells and hemoglobin in 40% PVP + 7% DMSO group were (81.36 +/- 14.94)% and (77.54 +/- 12.86)%, which were significantly higher than that in 20% PVP + 7% DMSO, 30% PVP + 7% DMSO and 50% PVP + 7% DMSO groups (P < 0.01). The concentration of free hemoglobin in 40% PVP + 7% DMSO group was also significantly lower than that in other three groups (P < 0.01). With increase of PVP concentration in protective solutions, vitrification state and protective effect of these solutions also increased; when concentration of PVP in protective solution was 40% though it was not a vitrification solution, the effect of lyophilization was the best; but when concentration of PVP further increased to 50%, though it was a vitrification solution, the effect decreased. It is concluded that excessive vitrification state could not benefit lyophilization of red blood cells.
Cryoprotective Agents ; pharmacology ; Dimethyl Sulfoxide ; pharmacology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Erythrocytes ; cytology ; drug effects ; ultrastructure ; Freeze Drying ; methods ; Humans ; Microscopy, Electron ; Povidone ; pharmacology

Objective To explore the relationship between dynamic changes in ultra-micro-structural of pulmonary arteries and endogenous hydrogen sulfide in rats with left-right shunt.Methods Rats in shunt group were subjected to an abdominal aorta-inferior vena cava shunt to create an animal model of pulmonary artery structural remodeling. After 1 day, 3 days, 1 week, 4 weeks and 8 weeks of experiment, the ultra-micro-morphologic changes of pulmonary arteries of rats were observed under electronic microscope and H_2S concentration in serum was evaluated by modified sulfide electrode method.Results The changes of ultra-micro-structure of pulmonary arteries were progressively exacerbated, endothelial cells became swollen and large in size on 3 days, smooth muscular cells increased in size as well as the change of endothelial cells in 1 week, and they changed from contractile phenotype to synthetic phenotype in 4 weeks.Conclusions Shunt exhibited changes of ultra-micro-structure of pulmonary arteries are accompanied by the changes of endogenous H_2S. It is suggested that endogenous H_2S might play a protective role in changes of ultra-micro-structure of pulmonary artery.

OBJECTIVETo review the history, development, and reality of neuronavigation surgery in China and to discuss the future of neuronavigation surgery.

DATA SOURCESPubMed, the China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database, and the VIP Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals were searched for papers published from 1995 to the present with the key words "neuronavigation," functional navigation," "image-guided," and "stereotaxy." Articles were reviewed for additional citations, and some information was gathered from Web searches.

STUDY SELECTIONArticles related to neuronavigation surgery in China were selected, with special attention to application to brain tumors.

RESULTSSince the introduction of neurosurgical navigation to China in 1997, this core technique in minimally invasive neurosurgery has seen rapid development. This development has ranged from brain structural localization to functional brain mapping, from static digital models of the brain to dynamic brain-shift compensation models, and from preoperative image-guided surgery to intraoperative real-time image-guided surgery, and from application of imported equipment and technology to use of equipment and technology that possess Chinese independent intellectual property rights.

CONCLUSIONSThe development and application of neuronavigation techniques have made neurological surgeries in China more safe, precise and effective, and less invasive, and promoted the quality of Chinese neurosurgical practice to the rank of the most advance and excellence in the world.

Animals ; Brain ; pathology ; China ; Humans ; Neuronavigation ; methods ; Neurosurgical Procedures ; methods