Cerebral Cortex ; physiology ; Electroencephalography ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Taste Perception ; physiology

Infection and inflammatory response can induce the brain damage in neonate,but the mechanism involved in it has not been elucidated completely.Proposed mechanisms include inflammatory response,cytokine and free radical-mediated injury,and excitatory amino acids-induced injury.The activation of microglia and selective vulnerability of immature oligodendrocyte play an important role in the whole process.Recent researches show that the fetal inflammatory response and complex gene regulation are also involved in the infection-induced brain damage.

Dental Porcelain ; Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported ; Humans

According to the existing Provisions for Drug Registration (SFDA Order No. 28), applications for new drugs of traditional Chinese medicine are divided into two parts: the applications for drug clinical trial and for drug production (including new drug certificate). It will last for about 10 years from the application for drug clinical trial to get approving, and it also remains many problems and the low probability to succeed. From the sight of pharmaceutical review, there are mainly two aspects of regulatory compliance and technical issues, mainly for changes without approval of the competent authorities of the country. For example, sample preparation and approval of clinical trial process are significant changes. Technical problems are reporting incomplete data or information submitted does not comply with the technical requirements for review, such as: production process validation does not provide information, the preparation of samples for clinical trials and field inspection, production information, or the information provided does not meet the technical requirements. This paper summarizes the frequently asked questions and to make recommendations to advise applicants concerned, timely detection of problems, avoid risk, improving the quality and efficiency of the application for registration.
China ; Drug Approval ; legislation & jurisprudence ; Drug Evaluation ; legislation & jurisprudence ; Humans ; Legislation, Drug ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

OBJECTIVETo explore the distribution characteristics of basic syndromes and its related factors in patients with chronic functional constipation (CFC).

METHODSThe complete data of 538 patients with CFC were collected and initial database was established with Epidata 3. 0. TCM syndrome typing was performed. The distribution characteristics of basic syndromes were analyzed using SPSS 17. 0 Software. The univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses were performed with SPSS 17. 0 Software to determine basic syndrome related factors such as age, engaged professionals, sleep quality, depression, mental stress, interpersonal relations, work fatigue, stimulating beverage, exercise conditions, Western medicine type of constipation, and so on.

RESULTSThe TCM syndrome frequency of CFC patients was sequenced from high to low as qi deficiency syndrome (380 cases, 70.6%), qi stagnation syndrome (337 cases, 62.6%), blood deficiency syndrome (234 cases, 43.5%), yin deficiency syndrome (220 cases, 40.9%), yang deficiency syndrome (197 cases, 36.6%), and others(58 cases, 10. 8%) . Most patients were complicated with complex syndromes, and the most common complex syndromes were qi deficiency complicated qi stagnation syndrome (275 cases, 51.1%) and qi deficiency complicated blood deficiency syndrome (222 cases, 41.3%). Aging, work fatigue, and exercise conditions were main related factors for qi deficiency syndrome (P <0. 01, P <0. 05). Poor emotional (depression and anxiety tendencies), mental stress, interpersonal relations, defecation barriers constipation were main related factors for qi stagnation syndrome (P <0.01). Sleep quality and poor emotional (depression and anxiety tendencies) were main related factors for blood deficiency syndrome (P <0. 01, P < 0.05). Stimulating beverages were main related factor for yin deficiency syndrome (P <0.05). Engaged in mental work and slow transit constipation were main related factors for yang deficiency syndrome (P < 0. 01, P <0. 05).

CONCLUSIONSCFC is featured as complex syndromes. The most common complex syndromes were qi deficiency complicated qi stagnation syndrome and qi deficiency complicated blood deficiency syndrome. Basic syndrome related factors such as age, engaged professionals, sleep quality, poor emotional (depression and anxiety tendencies), mental stress, interpersonal relations, work fatigue, stimulating beverage, exercise conditions, Western medicine type of constipation were associated with the distribution of CFC syndromes.

Anxiety ; complications ; Constipation ; complications ; diagnosis ; psychology ; therapy ; Depression ; complications ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Factor Analysis, Statistical ; Fatigue ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Qi ; Stress, Psychological ; complications ; Syndrome ; Yang Deficiency ; diagnosis ; Yin Deficiency ; diagnosis

The symbiotic bacterium exists in the intestines of entomopathogenic nematodes and is a potential biological agent.Systematic classification of these bacteria is scarce in China.In this paper,seven strains of symbiotic bacteria from local entomopathogenic nematodes were identified by both observation of mor-phology,physiological,biochemical characteristics and sequence analysis of 16S rDNA fragments.

A male patient,39 years old,presented with symptoms of cataract,dwarf,progeria,polydactyly and genu valgum,after the extracapusular cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation on both eyes,the visual acuity was improved and his fundus examination was normal.As the syndrome is different from any eye syndrome we have ever known,so it maybe a new one.

Humans ; Job Satisfaction ; Occupational Health ; Reward ; Stress, Psychological ; physiopathology ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Workload

Background Inherited retinal degeneration,one of the major causes of blindness worldwide,comprises a large number of disorders characterized by a slow and progressive retinal degeneration.Interleukin-1 (IL-1)was recognized to be involved in inherited retinal degeneration.Whether IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) can arrest retinal degeneration is worthy of investigation.Objective This study was to investigate the effects of IL-1ra on photoreceptor apoptosis in Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) rats.Methods The use of the animals complied with the Regulations for the Administration of Affairs Concerning Experimental Animals by State Science and Technology Commission.The SPF RCS rats aged 9,15,16,25,30,35,40,50 and 60 postnatal days were collected,with 9 rats for each age group.Retinal sections were used for the TdT-mediated biotin-dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) cell apoptosis assay.1 μl of IL-1ra (1.8 g/L) was intravitreally injected in the right eyes of 9 RCS rats aged 15 postnatal days and PBS was used in the same way in the fellow eyes.The injection procedure was repeated on the 20 th and 25 th day,respectively.The rats were sacrificed on the 30 th day and retinal sections were prepared for the TUNEL assay.The differences in the percentage of the positive cellular nuclei area among different ages of rats were compared by one-way ANOVA,and the differences in retinal layer thickness between IL-1ra injection group and PBS injection group were assessed by paired t test.Results Photoreceptor apoptosis appeared in 20-day-old RCS rats and progressed and peaked in 30 and 35-day-old rats and then reduced,showing a significant difference among rat of various age groups (F=28.020,P＜0.01).Images from TUNEL assay showed a weaker and less TUNEL staining in the IL-1ra injected eyes than the PBS injected eyes in 30-day-old rats.The total area and relative area of TUNEL positive nuclei were (223.052±153.092) μm2 and (2.206±1.531) ％ in the IL-1ra injected group,and those in PBS injected group were (1235.050±359.767) μm2 and (7.269± 1.624) ％,with a significant difference between them (t =4.370,t=3.250,P＜0.01).The cone and rod thickness was (15.324±9.035) μm in the IL-1ra injected group and (49.566±4.605)μm in the PBS injected group,showing a significant difference (t =22.674,P＜0.01).However,no significant difference was seen in the outer nuclear layer thickness between the two groups (t =0.268,P＞0.05).Conclusions IL-1 participates in the pathogenesis and development of inherited retinal degeneration of RCS rats.The use of IL-1ra might be a potential approach in the treatment of inherited retinal degeneration.

Objective To evaluate the neuroprotective effect and safety of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy(HIE)treated with recombinant human erythropoietin(rhEPO).Methods Fifty-three neonates with HIE were randomly divided into rhEPO treated group(n=29) with the dosage of 300 U/(kg?time),three times a week for 2 weeks and control group(n=24)without rhEPO.All supportive measures were same between 2 groups.Neurological scoring was evaluated at d3,d5 and d7 Neonatal behavioral neurological assessment(NBNA) was evaluated at d7,d14 and d28.The neurodevelopment quote was evaluated at age of 3 and 6 months.Blood pressure,liver and renal function,blood electrolytes and blood hemoglobin,platelet and reticular red blood cell count were monitored before and after treatment in all infants.Results The neurological scoring between two groups had no difference at d3.The significant difference was found at d7(P0.05).Conclusions Teraphy with rhEPO on neonatal HIE infants can promote neurological recovery,and there is no serious side effect with rhEPO treatment.