Objective： This study was designed to investigate the relationship between p16 protein expression and gastric carcinogenesis,depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis, and evaluate the role of deletion and mutation of p16 gene in exon 2 in gastric carcinoma. Methods： p16 protein expression in gastric carcinoma and precancerous lesion was examined by streptavidin-peroxidase conjugated(S-P) method; The deletion and mutation of p16 gene were examined respectively by polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and polymerase chain reaction single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis(PCR-SSCP) in gastric carcinoma. Results： ① The positive rates of p16 protein expression were 96.25％ (77/80) in normal gastric mucosa, 92.00％ (45/50) in dysplastic gastric mucosa, and 47.54％ (58/122) in gastric carcinoma. The positive rate of p16 protein expression in gastric carcinoma was significantly lower than that in normal gastric mucosa and in dysplastic gastric mucosa (P<0.05). ② The positive rate of p16 protein expression in mucoid carcinoma (10.00％ ,1/10) was significantly lower than that of poorly differentiated carcinoma (51.22％ ,21/41), undifferentiated carcinoma (57.69％ ,15/26), and signet ring cell carcinoma (62.50％ ,10/16) (P< 0.05). ③ The positive rates of p16 protein in 30 cases paired primary and lymph node metastatic gastric carcinoma were 46.67 ％ (14/30) in primary gastric carcinoma,16.67％ (5/30) in lymph node metastatic gastric carcinoma. The positive rate of lymph node metastatic carcinoma was significantly lower than that of primary carcinoma(P<0.05). ④ Evaluation of mutation and deletion of p16 gene： There was no mutation of p16 gene in exon 2, but there were 5 cases displayed deletion of p16 gene in exon 2 in the 25 primary gastric carcinoma. Conclusions： ① The expression loss of p16 protein is related to carcinogenesis, histopathological subtypes,and lymph metastasis of gastric carcinoma. ② The mutation of p16 gene in exon 2 may not be involved in gastric carcinogenesis. But the deletion of p16 gene in exon 2 might be involved in gastric carcinogenesis.

Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; DNA ; analysis ; Flow Cytometry ; methods ; Fluorescence ; G1 Phase ; Resting Phase, Cell Cycle

OBJECTIVETo study the morphologic classification of mammary ductal hyperplasia, and its criteria and the significance in distinguishing atypical hyperplasia from carcinoma-in-situ.

METHODSThe clinicopathologic features of 300 cases of hyperplasia of breast were reviewed. Whole-organ H&E sections were also available in 86 cases of breast carcinoma. The occurrence of atypical hyperplasia in adjacent breast tissue was assessed.

RESULTSFibroadenomatoid changes were typically observed in the 21-30 age groups and atypical hyperplasia occurred more frequently in 40-60 age groups. Amongst the hyperplastic cases, cystic diseases of the breast were noted in only 6%. In contrast, fibroadenomatoid changes were more common (25.4%). Atypical ductal hyperplasia occurred in adjacent breast tissue of 65.1% of the carcinoma cases. The incidence was higher (74.9%) if the main lesion was ductal carcinoma-in-situ.

CONCLUSIONSThere is a close association between atypical hyperplasia and breast carcinoma. It is prudent to distinguish between usual and atypical hyperplasia. Morphologic differentiation between atypical ductal hyperplasia and ductal carcinoma-in-situ may sometimes be difficult.

Adult ; Breast ; pathology ; Breast Neoplasms ; pathology ; Carcinoma in Situ ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating ; pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Fibroadenoma ; pathology ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; pathology ; Middle Aged ; Precancerous Conditions ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the clinical efficacy of autologous semitendinosus and gracilis tendon grafting with anchor repair for the treatment of chronic achilles tendon rupture and severe scarring.

METHODSFrom April 2010 to October 2012,26 patients with chronic achilles tendon rupture(with Myerson type III ) and severe scarring were treated with autologous semitendinosus and gracilis tendon grafting with anchor repair. There were 19 males and 7 females,with an average age of 32 years old (ranged, 22 to 47 years). The time from injury to surgery was from 3 to 12 months (7 months on average). The plantar flexion strength of all injuried feet attenuated and single heel rise test were positive in 26 cases before operation. Plaster immobilization and routine rehabilitation therapy were performed after operation. Clinical effects were evaluated by Arner-lindholm criterion and complications were observed after operation.

RESULTSAll the patients were followed up from 12 to 24 months with a mean of 16 months. No complications such as achilles tendon re-rupture, wound infection, etc were found during follow-up period. According to the Arner-Lindholm standard, 15 cases got excellent results and 11 good.

CONCLUSIONUsing autologous semitendinosus and gracilis tendon grafts with anchor repair to treat chronic achilles tendon rupture and severe scarring is a perfect surgical procedure.

Achilles Tendon ; injuries ; surgery ; Adult ; Chronic Disease ; Cicatrix ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Rupture ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo explore the biological effects of infrasound on the polygonal cells in adrenal cortex zona fasciculation in mice.

METHODSThe biological effects of infrasound on the activities of 3beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3-betaHSDH) and acid phosphatase(ACP) of the polygonal cells in adrenal cortex zona fasciculate were observed when exposure to 8 and 16 Hz infrasound at 80, 90, 100, 110, 120 and 130 dB for 1 day, 7 days and 14 days or 14 days after the exposure.

RESULTSWhen exposure to 8 Hz infrasound, the enzyme activities of 3-betaHSDH increase as the sound pressure levels increase. Only when the sound pressure levels reach 130 dB, the enzyme activities began to decrease exceptionally. When exposure to 16 Hz, 80 dB infrasound, no significant difference between the treatment and control group in the activities of 3-betaHSDH could be observed, but the injury of the polygonal cells had appeared. When exposure to 16 Hz, 100 dB infrasound, the activities of 3-betaHSDH started to increase. The cell injury still existed. When exposed to 16 Hz, 120 dB infrasound, the local tissue damage represented. Fourteen days after the mice exposure to 8 Hz, 90 dB and 130 dB infrasound for 14 days continuously, the local tissue injury of the adrenal cortex zona fasciculation began to recover at certain extent, but the higher the exposure sound pressure level, the poorer the tissue recovery.

CONCLUSIONThe biological effects of infrasound on the polygonal cells in adrenal cortex zona fasciculation response to the frequency of the infrasound are found at certain action strength range, but this characteristic usually is covered by the severe tissue injury. When exposure to infrasound is stopped for a period of time, the local tissue injury of the adrenal cortex zona fasciculation could recovers at certain extent, but the higher the exposure sound pressure level, the more poorer the tissue recovery.

17-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases ; metabolism ; Acid Phosphatase ; metabolism ; Adrenal Cortex ; cytology ; enzymology ; Animals ; Environmental Exposure ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Noise ; Zona Fasciculata ; enzymology ; Zona Reticularis ; enzymology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the role of Runx3 gene CpG island methylation in the development of human gastric carcinoma.

METHODSA total of 150 tumor specimens from patients with gastric carcinoma and 50 normal tissue specimens were selected. Methylation specific PCR (MSP) and pyrosequencing (PS) were used to detect the methylation status of Runx3 gene promoter.

RESULTSCompared to normal tissue samples, a significant increase of CpG island methylation status of Runx3 gene was observed in gastric carcinomas (MSP: 67.3% vs. 40.0%, P = 0.002; PS: 76.0% vs. 30.0%, P < 0.01). Runx3 gene methylation was only related to tumor size (P < 0.05) based on MSP analysis. PS test however showed that the extent of methylation of Runx3 gene was related to the tumor size (P = 0.004), Lauren's classification (P = 0.043), depth of invasion (P < 0.01), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.021) and TNM staging (P = 0.045).

CONCLUSIONSMethylation status of Runx3 gene detectable by PS is closely correlated with clinicopathological parameters of gastric carcinoma, including tumor size, Lauren's classification, depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis and TNM staging. PS is more sensitive than MSP in the detection of Runx3 gene methylation, which may serve as an important marker for early diagnosis and treatment of gastric carcinoma.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Core Binding Factor Alpha 3 Subunit ; genetics ; metabolism ; CpG Islands ; genetics ; DNA Methylation ; Disease-Free Survival ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Neoplasm Staging ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Stomach Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Tumor Burden ; Young Adult

BACKGROUNDRecent research suggests that beta(2)-adrenergic agonists increase alveolar fluid clearance (AFC) under physiologic and pathologic conditions. It is unknown whether beta(3)-adrenergic agonists also increase AFC under pathologic conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of beta(3)-adrenergic agonists on AFC following hypoxic lung injury and the mechanisms involved.

METHODSHypoxic rats were exposed to 10% oxygen. BRL-37344 (beta(3)-adrenergic agonist) or CGP-12177 (selective beta(3)-adrenergic agonist) alone or combined with beta receptor antagonists, sodium channel blockers, or Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase blockers were perfused into the alveolar space of rats exposed to 10% oxygen for 48 hours. Total lung water content (TLW) and AFC were measured.

RESULTSAFC did not change for the first 24 hours but then decreased after 48-hour exposure to 10% oxygen. The perfusion of BRL-37344 or CGP-12177 significantly increased AFC in normal and hypoxic rats. The AFC-stimulating effect of CGP-12177 was lowered with amiloride (a Na(+) channel blocker) and ouabain (a Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase inhibitor) by 37% and 49%, respectively. Colchicine significantly inhibited the effect of CGP-12177.

CONCLUSIONSThese findings suggest that beta(3)-adrenergic agonists can increase AFC during hypoxic lung injury in rats and accelerate the amelioration of pulmonary edema.

Adrenergic beta-Agonists ; therapeutic use ; Animals ; Body Fluids ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Ethanolamines ; therapeutic use ; Hypoxia ; physiopathology ; Male ; Propanolamines ; therapeutic use ; Pulmonary Alveoli ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; Pulmonary Edema ; drug therapy ; etiology ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of phenylephrine (an α-adrenergic agonist) on alveolar fluid clearance (AFC) in ventilator-induced lung injury and the possible mechanism involved.

METHODSA total of 170 male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into 17 groups (n=10) using random number tables. Short-term (40 minutes) mechanical ventilation with high tidal volume (HVT) was performed to induce lung injury, impair active Na+ transport and lung liquid clearance in the rats. Unventilated rats served as controls. To demonstrate the effect of phenylephrine on AFC, phenylephrine at different concentrations (1×10(-5), 1×10(-6), 1×10(-7), 1×10(-8), and 1×10(-9) mol/L) was injected into the alveolar space of the HVT ventilated rats. To identify the influence of adrenergic antagonists, Na(+) channel, and microtubular system on the effect of phenylephrine, phenylephrine at 1×10(-5) mol/L combined with prazosin (an α1-adrenergic antagonist, 1×10(-4) mol/L), yohimbine (an α2-adrenergic antagonist, 1×10(-4) mol/L), atenolol (a β1- adrenergic antagonist, 1×10(-5) mol/L), ICI-118551 (an β2-adrenergic antagonist, 1×10(-5) mol/L), amiloride (a Na+ channel blocker, 5×10(-4) mol/L), ouabain (a Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase blocker, 5×10(-4) mol/L), colchicine (a microtubular disrupting agent, 0.25 mg/100 g body weight), or β-lumicolchicine (an isomer of colchicine, 0.25 mg/100 g body weight) were perfused into the alveolar space of the rats ventilated with HVT for 40 minutes. AFC and total lung water content were measured.

RESULTSBasal AFC in control rats was (17.47±2.56)%/hour, which decreased to (9.64± 1.32)%/hour in HVT ventilated rats (P=0.003). The perfusion of phenylephrine at 1×10(-8), 1×10(-7), 1×10(-6), and 1×10(-5) mol/L significantly increased the AFC in HVT ventilated rats (all P<0.05). This effect of phenylephrine on AFC was suppressed by prazosin, atenolol, and ICI-118551 in HVT ventilated rats by 53%, 31%, and 37%, respectively (all P<0.05). The AFC-stimulating effect of phenylephrine was lowered by 33% and 42% with amiloride and ouabain, respectively (both P<0.05). Colchicine significantly inhibited the effect of phenylephrine (P=0.031).

CONCLUSIONPhenylephrine could increase the AFC in HVT-ventilated rats and accelerate the absorption of pulmonary edema.

Animals ; Male ; Phenylephrine ; therapeutic use ; Pulmonary Alveoli ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase ; metabolism ; Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology

In order to characterize the molecular epidemiology of HFMD-associated Coxsackievirus A6 (CVA6) in Fujian Province, a total of 1340 specimens from non-EV71 non-CVA16 HFMD patients were collected during 2011-2013. Isolated virus strains were identified and subtyped. Full-length coding regions for the VP1 gene of the predominant serotype CVA6 isolates were amplified and sequenced. Among the 375 non-EV71 non-CVA16 HFMD cases confirmed by virus isolation and molecular subtyping, 182 (48.5%) were found to be caused by CVA6, accounting for 7.9%, 16.2% and 39.6% HFMD-associated enteroviruses in FujianProvince during 2011, 2012, and 2013, respectively. Compared with general features observed in the HFMD epidemic, no difference in CVA6-specificity or severity rates was observed between geographical origins, gender, or age groups. Nucleotide sequence analyses of VP1 genes revealed high diversity levels of 16.2%-18.6% among CVA6 strains from Fujian Province, in contrast to the prototype CVA6 strain, and showed low levels of diversity in the amino acid sequences (4.3%-6.2%). Phylogenetic analysis also indicated that CVA6 isolates from Fujian Province were distinct from the prototype strain and other isolates from abroad; however, it was homologous to domestic strains, although the Fujian isolates clustered into multiple branches. These results suggested that significant changes in the pathogenic spectrum of HFMD in Fujian Province occurred during 2011-2013, as CVA6 was one of the predominant serotypes of HFMD. CVA6 isolates from Fujian Province were co-circulating and co-evolving with other domestic strains as multiple closely related CVA6 transmission chains were observed in Fujian Province overall and within each prefecture.
Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Enterovirus A, Human ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease ; epidemiology ; virology ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Molecular Epidemiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of Zishen Huoxue Recipe (ZHR) on pathomorphology in coronary heart disease (CHD) rats with Shen deficiency blood stasis syndrome (SDBSS).

METHODSTotally 60 healthy Wistar rats were divided into the blank control group, the model group, high, middle, and low dose ZHR groups according to random digit table, 12 in each group. Myocardial ischemia SDBSS rat model was prepared by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery and injecting hydrocortisone. ZHR physic liquor was administered to rats in high, middle, and low dose ZHR groups at the daily dose of 21.6, 10.8, 5.4 g/kg by gastrogavage for 7 successive days, equal volume of pure water was administered to rats in the blank control group and the model group by gastrogavage for 7 successive days. Rat heart was collected for pathomorphological observation under light microscope.

RESULTSIn the model group the heart muscle fiber was swollen and deformed with widened space, loose and dropsy tissues. Blood vessels in myocardial mesenchymal were dilated, infiltrated with more inflammatory cells. Myocardial cells were markedly swollen, degenerated, or necrotic, with caryolysis or disappearance of partial nuclear. A large amount of collagen fibrous tissue became hyperplasia. Endocardial blood vessels were swollen and degenerated with infiltration of few inflammatory cells. Epicardium tissue and structure were destroyed and got hyperplasia. Swollen, degenerated, or necrotic vessels could be seen, with infiltration of more inflammatory cells and collagen deposition. Pathomorphological injuries were alleviated in each ZHR group. The higher ZHR concentration, the milder the injury degree of myocardial tissue, the more limited range of damage.

CONCLUSIONZHR could attenuate pathomorphological injuries of myocardial ischemia rats with SDBSS and regulate myocardial function, thus improving myocardial ischemia in CHD rats with SDBSS.

Animals ; Coronary Artery Disease ; drug therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Myocardium ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar