Objective To understand health seeking behavior and its influential factors to reproductive tract infections (RTIs) on women at reproductive age in the rural areas. Methods 54 540 fertile women aged 15-49 were surveyed by a stratified-cluster-random sampling method and gynecological examination were conducted in two steps: converging at the clinics, and then visiting their households, later, 31 624 women who had at least one RTI symptom were chosen. Results Among all the women at reproductive age, the rate of having at least one RTI symptom was 59.8% with the means of RTI symptom as 1.66±0.89. 15 989 women went to see doctors out of the 31 624 women who had RTI symptoms, with a proportion of 50.6 %. The results of logistic regressy showed that those women whose husbands having higher education level, higher income, more RTI symptoms and better knowledge on RTI were more easily to go to the hospitals. However, those women whose husbands working out of the county, having older first bearing age and more numbers of pregnancy were less likely to go to the hospitals. Reasons that refrained them from going to see a doctor would include: 2137(13.7%) did not know that RTI was a disease; 7443(47.6%) of them thought that every woman were bound to have at least one symptom and it did not matter; 1629 (10.4%) of them felt shameful; 349 (2.2%) learned that the diseases were incurable; 975 (6.2 % ) felt the cost of treatment was too expensive; 2101 (13.4 %) had no time; 1001 (6.4 %) would treat themselves through buying medicines over the counter. Conclusion RTI symptoms were quite prevalent among women at reproductive age but the rate of seeing a doctor was low and caused by multi-factors. Health education and gynecological census in increasing the curable rate of RTIs should to be strengthened.

ence of precancerous pathological changes.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) on the changes of respiration and expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in brainstem induced by hypoxia in the rats. Hypoxia was induced by inhalation of 8% O2-balanced N2.The electromyogram (EMG) of diaphragm was monitored to evaluate the respiratory response of the rats to hypoxia. The immunohistochemical staining technique was used to study the change of the expression of nNOS in the brainstem during hypoxia. In the rats of hypoxia group, a successive process of response, excitatory followed by inhibitory, was produced. Twenty min after hypoxia, a significant inhibition of respiration occurred, which was characterized with a marked decrease in the inspiratory duration, the respiratory frequency, and the amplitude of inspiration and a prolongation of expiratory duration (P<0.05). In the rats of pretreated with TMP, the respiratory activity was not obviously depressed (P>0.05). In the rats of hypoxia group, the level of nNOS immunoreactivity was enhanced remarkably in the lateral reticular nucleus, nucleus of trapezoid, hypoglossal nucleus and the facial nucleus compared with the control group (P<0.05). In the rats of pretreated with TMP, the nNOS level increased further in the nuclei mentioned above (P<0.05). The results obtained indicate that TMP can reverse the inhibitory effect of hypoxia on respiration in the rats and that nNOS may be involved in the respiratory protective action of TMP.
Animals ; Brain Stem ; enzymology ; physiopathology ; Female ; Hypoxia ; physiopathology ; Male ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I ; genetics ; metabolism ; Pyrazines ; pharmacology ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Respiration ; drug effects ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; prevention & control

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of functional chewing training (FuCT) on masticatory function, the severity of tongue thrust, and the severity and frequency of drooling in children with cerebral palsy. METHODS: A prospective study was performed for 48 children who were diagnosed with oral motor dysfunction from January 2019 to January 2020, and they were randomly divided into an FuCT group and an oral motor training group, with 24 children in each group. Both groups received FuCT or oral motor training for 12 weeks, and then they were evaluated in terms of the changes in the masticatory function, the severity of tongue thrust, and the severity and frequency of drooling. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the two groups in the masticatory function, the severity of tongue thrust, and the severity and frequency of drooling before treatment (P>0.05). After the 12-week training, the FuCT group showed significant improvements in the masticatory function and the severity of tongue thrust and drooling (P<0.05), but with no improvement in the frequency of drooling (P>0.05), while the oral motor training group had no improvements in the masticatory function, the severity of tongue thrust, and the severity and frequency of drooling (P>0.05). After the 12-week training, the FuCT group had more significantly improvements in the severity of tongue thrust and the severity and frequency of drooling than the oral motor training group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS FuCT can effectively improve the masticatory function, the severity of tongue thrust, and the severity and frequency of drooling in children with cerebral palsy.
Cerebral Palsy ; Child ; Humans ; Mastication ; Prospective Studies ; Sialorrhea

BACKGROUNDRenal biopsy is necessary for diagnosing the pathological changes of primary nephrotic syndrome (NS). However, it is invasive, time-consuming and can not be performed frequent on the same patient. Thus, development of a non-invasive and rapid diagnostic method may improve clinical patient management.

METHODSProteomic tool magnetic bead-based matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MB-based MALDI TOF MS) was applied to serum to determine peptidome patterns that are characteristic of different pathological changes.

RESULTSSerum specimen from 114 patients with NS (62 were minimal change disease (MCD), 30 were membranous nephropathy (MN), and 22 were focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS)) and 60 normal individuals were analyzed using MB-based MALDI TOF MS. The peptidome pattern was generated by genetic algorithms using a training set of 31 MCD, 15 MN, 11 FSGS and 30 normal individuals and was validated by an independent testing set of the remaining samples. The serum peptidome pattern, based on a panel of 14 peaks, accurately recognized samples from MCD, MN, FSGS and healthy control with sensitivities of 93.5%, 86.7%, 63.6% and 90.0%, and specificities of 98.2%, 94.4%, 100% and 89.5%, respectively. Moreover, one peptide from peptidome pattern was identified by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC MS/MS) as fibrinogen A.

CONCLUSIONDetection of the serum peptidome pattern is a rapid, non-invasive, high-throughout, and reproducible method for identifying the pathological patterns of patients with nephrotic syndrome.

Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nephrotic Syndrome ; blood ; Peptides ; blood ; Proteomics ; methods ; Reproducibility of Results ; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization ; methods ; Young Adult

This study aims to investigate the characteristics of genomic variation of pandemic A/H1N1/2009 influenza virus isolated in Fujian Province, China. Complete genome sequence analysis was performed on 14 strains of pandemic A/H1N1/2009 influenza virus isolated from Fujian during 2009-2012. All virus strains were typical low-pathogenic influenza viruses, with resistance to amantadine and sensitivity to neuraminidase inhibitors. Eight genome fragments of all strains were closely related to those of A/California/07/2009 (H1N1) vaccine strain, with > or = 98.2% homology. Compared with the vaccine strain, the influenza strains from Fujian had relatively large variation, and variation was identified at 11 amino acid sites of the HA gene of A/Fujiangulou/SWL1155/2012 strain, including 4 sites (H138R, L161I, S185T, and S203T) involved inthree antigen determinants (Ca, Sa, and Sb). In conclusion, the influenza vaccine has a satisfactory protective effect on Fujian population, but the influenza strains from Fujian in 2012 has antigenic drift compared with the vaccine strain, more attention should therefore be paid to the surveillance of mutations of pandemic A/H1N1/2009 influenza virus.
Antiviral Agents ; pharmacology ; China ; epidemiology ; Drug Resistance, Viral ; genetics ; Genome, Viral ; genetics ; Genomics ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype ; drug effects ; genetics ; immunology ; physiology ; Influenza, Human ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Pandemics ; prevention & control ; Viral Vaccines ; immunology

WU polyomavirus (WUPyV), a new member of the genus Polyomavirus in the family Polyomaviridae, is recently found in patients with respiratory tract infections. In our study, the complete genome of the two WUPyV isolates (FZ18, FZTF) were sequenced and deposited in GenBank (accession nos. FJ890981, FJ890982). The two sequences of the WUPyV isolates in this study varied little from each other. Compared with other complete genome sequences of WUPyV in GenBank (strain B0, S1-S4, CLFF, accession nos. EF444549, EF444550, EF444551, EF444552, EF444553, EU296475 respectively), the sequence length in nucleotides is 5228bp, 1bp shorter than the known sequences. The deleted base pair was at nucleotide position 4536 in the non-coding region of large T antigen (LTAg). The genome of the WUPyV encoded for five proteins. They were three capsid proteins: VP2, VP1, VP3 and LTAg, small T antigen (STAg), respectively. To investigate whether these nucleotide sequences had any unique features, we compared the genome sequence of the 2 WUPyV isolates in Fuzhou, China to those documented in the GenBank database by using PHYLIP software version 3.65 and the neighbor-joining method. The 2 WUPyV strains in our study were clustered together. Strain FZTF was more closed to the reference strain B0 of Australian than strain FZ18.
Adult ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Evolution, Molecular ; Genome, Viral ; genetics ; Genomics ; Humans ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Polyomaviridae ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; methods

OBJECTIVETo establish a community-based management model for heart failure patients under the professional guidance of upper first-class hospital staff.

METHODSTwo hundreds heart failure (New York Heart Function II-IV) patients aged from 35 to 85 in two communities of Chengdu city were divided into two groups by cluster randomization: the management group and the control group. The community hospital doctors were trained for the evaluation and management of heart failure according standardized guidelines by upper first-class hospital doctors, and responsible for the management of patients in the management group. Meanwhile, the management group patients also received self-care education. Patients in control group were treated by community doctors without special training. Data including the community hospital doctors' knowledge rate of heart failure, positive diagnosis rate, and the rate for standardized medication for heart failure; the patients' knowledge rate of heart failure, the rate of drug compliance, the rate of standardized drug taken for heart failure, the rate of self-care in daily-life, the quality of life, the incidence of cardiovascular events, hospitalization time and cost were compared between the two groups.

RESULTSThe community hospital doctors' knowledge rate of heart failure, the related knowledge for prevention and treatment on the causes of heart failure, the positive diagnosis rate, and the rate for standardized medication for heart failure [β receptor blocker 77.3% (17/22); angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors 63.6% (14/22)] were significantly higher than doctors in the control group (all P < 0.05). There were 96 in the management group and 97 in the control group. Data were similar between the two groups at baseline. After (18.5 ± 0.5) months, the patient's knowledge rate of heart failure [100% (96/96) vs. 71.1% (69/97)], the rate of drug compliance [78.1% (75/96) vs. 13.4% (13/97)], the rate of standardized drug taken for heart failure[β receptor blocker: 75.0% (72/96) vs. 8.2% (8/97); angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors: 60.4% (58/96)vs. 10.3% (10/97)], and the rate of self-care in daily-life [salt and food restriction:88.5% (85/96) vs. 29.9% (23/97); blood pressure monitoring: 83.3% (80/96) vs. 56.7% (55/97); weight monitoring:78.1% (75/96) vs. 13.4% (13/97)] were all significantly higher in the management group than in control group. For patients with New York Heart Function III-IV, the score of the LiHFe questionnaire (43.7 ± 9.2 vs. 49.5 ± 11.3), the incidence of cardiovascular events [63.3% (19/30) vs. 90.3% (28/31)], the days of hospitalization [(8.2 ± 3.2)days vs. (13.9 ± 10.9) days], and the cost for hospitalization [(2873.3 ± 401.6) Yuan vs. (4525.8 ± 6417.8) Yuan] were all significantly lower in the management group (n = 30) than in the control group (n = 31) (all P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe community-based management model for heart failure patients in the community level is effective to improve the management and outcome in this cohort.

Chronic Disease ; Community Medicine ; organization & administration ; Heart Failure ; prevention & control ; therapy ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Treatment Outcome

This study was aimed to clarify whether valproic acid (VPA) induces apoptosis of leukemia HL-60 cell line and its possible mechanism. The effect of different concentrations and treatment time of VPA on HL-60 cell proliferation was assayed by cytotoxicity test (CCK-8 method) and fluorescence microscopy, and flow cytometry was used to detect cell apoptosis. The expressions of telomerase subunit h-tert mRNA and apoptosis-related protein as well as caspase-3 activity were detected by real time-quantitative PCR, Western blot and ELISA respectively. The results indicated that VPA inhibited proliferation of HL-60 cells and induced cell apoptosis in a dose dependent manner (r = -0.87). The expressions of anti-apoptotic protein BCL-2 and h-tert mRNA were significantly decreased while the pro-apoptotic protein BAX and caspase-3 activity increased after treatment with VPA. The apoptosis rate of HL-60 cell was negatively correlated with expression of h-tert mRNA. It is concluded that VPA can inhibit leukemia HL-60 cell proliferation and induce apoptosis. The VPA displays anti-leukemia activity possibly through reducing h-tert mRNA and BCL-2 protein expression, increasing BAX expression and activity of caspase-3.
Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; HL-60 Cells ; Humans ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; Telomerase ; metabolism ; Valproic Acid ; pharmacology ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the relationship between PAR1 (Protease-Activated Receptor 1) expression and the clinicopathologic features and to investigate the prognostic value of PAR1 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in early stage after curative resection.

METHODSReal-time PCR was used to detect PAR1 expression in 41 pairs of tumors and matched peritumoral samples of HCC in early stage. Prognostic value of PAR1 mRNA expression was evaluated. Meanwhile, another 49 tissue paraffin slices of HCC were tested using immunohistochemistry (Envision) and the prognostic value of PAR1 expression and other clinicopathologic factors were evaluated.

RESULTSPeritumoral PAR1 mRNA expression was significantly increased in HCCs from the patients with tumor recurrence as compared with those without recurrence (P < 0.05). Peritumoral PAR1 protein expression was related to tumor differentiation (P < 0.05). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that Peritumoral PAR1 protein expression was associated with the overall survival (OS) (P < 0.05) of HCC patients and the time to recurrence (TTR) (P < 0.05). The 1, 3 and 5 -year overall survival time and the cumulative recurrence time in the high PAR1 protein expression group were significantly lower as compared to the low PAR1 expression group in the peritumoral liver tissue.

CONCLUSIONSPeritumoral PAR1 expression is closely associated with the prognosis of early stage HCC patients after curable surgery. PAR1 may be involved in thrombin-mediated invasion process and may be used as a prognostic marker for HCC.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Period ; Prognosis ; Receptor, PAR-1 ; metabolism