Dried roots and rhizomes of Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen) are among the most commonly used traditional Chinese medicines in clinic. The material basis for its efficacy mainly includes hydrophobic tanshinones and hydrophilic salvianolic acids. The traditional effects of Danshen are "removing stasis and relieving pain, activating blood to promote menstruation, clearing heart fire and tranquilization". According to modern pharmacological studies, Danshen and its main components have cardiovascular and cerebrovascular protective effect. Recent studies showed that Danshen and its main components also demonstrated protective effects on liver injury models induced by carbon tetrachloride, D-galactosamine, acetaminophen and alcohol. In this paper, the hepatoprotective effect and mechanism of Danshen were summarized and studied.
Animals ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Liver ; drug effects ; Protective Agents ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; chemistry

Acupuncture Points ; Adult ; Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic ; complications ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Moxibustion ; Sleep Wake Disorders ; complications ; therapy ; Young Adult

Objective To explore the relationship between plasma ghrelin levels and glucose and lipid metabolisms of child and adolescent obesity.Methods 30 cases of obesity and 30 healthy normal weisht children and adolescents with same age and gender were selected.Plasma ghrelin level,serum insulin(INS),C-peptide(CPE),fasting blood glucose(FBG),total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),high-density lipoproteins(HDL),low-density lipoproteins(LDL)were measured.Results For the obesity group:Plasma ghrelin level significantly decreased [(15.49±1.98)vs(19.47 ±1.50)μg/L]compared with control(P＜0.05);BMI,waistline,FBG,INS were very significantly increased(28.19±3.83)vs(21.07±1.53)kg/m2;(88.60±6.13)vs(78.52 ±4.40)cm;(5.23±0.49)vs(4.59 ±0.63)mmol/L;(22.32 ±3.50)vs(16.98±2.50)μIU/ml,respectively compared with control(all P＜0.01);TC was significantly increased(5.87±0.88)vs(4.05±0.76)nmol/L compared with control(P＜0.05).For the plasma ghrelin level of obesity:The relationship between plasma ghrelin level and body weight,BMI,waistline,INS,TC was obviously negative(r=-0.385,-0.466,-0.336,-0.387,-0.373,respectively,all P＜0.01);The relationship between plasma ghrelin level and FBG was obviously negative(r=-0.324,P＜0.05);No relationship between plasma ghrelin level and age,body height,CPE,TG,HDLC,LDLC.Conclusion Plasma ghrelin level of children and adolescent obesity was obviously decreased,and was strongly related with disordem of glucose and lipid metabolisms.

Objective To investigate the effect of microcireulation blood flow and altering immunity by Chuanxiongqin,ulinastain and thymosin α1 on sepsis patients.Methods 90 patients were randomly divided into 3 groups(n=30),namely ICU group,Chuanxiongqin group,ulinastain and thymosin α1 group.HLA-DR/CD14+and IL-6,TNF-α,Lac,DD were measured.Results (1)DD showed no significant difference at every time point between ICU group and ulinastain+thymosin α1 group(P＞0.05).DD decreased in Chuanxiongqin group,and was significantly different from the others on the third day.(2)Lac unchanged significantly at every time point in ICU group(P＞0.05).Lac in Chuanxiongqin group and ulinastain+thymeain α1 group tended to decrease,and was statistically different from ICU group on the second day.(3)IL-6 and TNF-α tended to increase at every time point in ICU group(P＜0.05).In ulinastain+thymosin α1 group,IL-6 and TNF-α returned to the level before treatment,HLA-DR/(D14+increased significantly,and was higher than Chuanxiongqin group and ICU group statistically.Conclusion Chuanxiongqin could ameliorate circulation;ulinastsin and thymosin α1 could depress IL-6,TNF-α.So ulinastain and thymosin α1 might protect the immunity of sepsis patients.

Objective To explore the mutation of androgen receptor(AR)gene in a patient with 46,XY disorder of sex development(DSD)and to improve the diagnostic level and understanding of androgen insensitivity syndrome(AIS).Methods The clinical data of the child was analyzed,including physical examination,relevant laboratory examination,karyotype,pelvic B ultrasound,pelvic magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)and AR gene mutation.The peripheral blood of the child and his parents were drawn,and peripheral blood DNA was extracted.The polymerase chain reaction(PCR)-DNA sequencing method was used to amplify all exons of the AR gene in the child and his parents.Then,they were directly sequenced.Results A 7-years and 2-months old child who suffered from DSD,revealed physical examination that the child had normal female external genitalia,as the clitoris length was 2.0 cm×0.8 cm,with visible vaginal opening,and there were masses at bilateral inguinal region,with a size of 1.5 cm×0.8 cm.The results of human chorionic gonadotropin(HCG)stimulation test:testosterone was 0 nmol/L,androstenedione was 1.78 nmol/L,dihydrotestosterone was 0.07 nmol/L before HCG was injected;but testosterone was 4.69 nmol/L,androstenedione was 2.10 nmol/L,dihydrotestosterone was 0.33 nmol/L after HCG was injection.Sex chromosome analysis reported 46,XY karyotype.Pelvic B ultrasound revealed the absence of a uterus and ovaries and the presence of bilateral testes like gonad at each side of internal inguinal ring,with a size of 1.4 cm×1.0 cm×0.8 cm in the left,1.5 cm×0.7 cm×0.8 cm in the right;but the kidney,ureter,urinary bladder,adrenal gland and retroperitoneal for B ultrasound revealed no abnormality.Pelvic MRI(non-enhanced and enhanced)showed the presence of a blind ending vagina between rectum and urinary bladder(40 mm in depth)and the absence of uterus and ovarian tissue.DNA sequencing found one c.1685T>C heterozygous mutation(p.Ile562Thr)on exon 2 of AR gene in the child.But retrieving and summarzing documents of the domestic and foreign information databases and websites,the locus mutation of AR gene had never been reported.The structure prediction of the mutated protein(Polyohen2 and SIFT software)was significantly changed.By verifying the locus site of the parents of this child,it was found that his mother carried the same mutation,but his father was found to be normal.Conclusions A c.1685 T>C mutation(p.Ile562Thr)on exon 2 of AR gene is a novel mutation.Combined with the patient's clinical manifestations and computer prediction results,it may suggest that the novel mutation of AR gene can lead to the occurrence of AIS.

Objective To explore the effects of thiamine and riboflavin on H2O2-induced DNA oxidative damage in human umbilical vein endothelial cell line ECV304.Methods ECV304 cells were incubated with 10,100,500,1000 mg/L of thiamine or 20,100,300,500 nmol/L of riboflavin for 24 h,and then oxidative damage of cells were induced by 25 mol/L H2O2 for 30 min.DNA damage was detected with single cell gel electrophoresis(SCGE)assay.ECV304 cells incubated without H2O2,thiamine and riboflavin were served as negative controls,and those incubated with H2O2 and without thiamine and riboflavin were served as positive controls.Results H2O2 induced DNA damage,and the indices of percent of DNA damage cells,percent of tail DNA,tail length and Olive tail moment were increased.The indices of cells pretreated with 10,100,500 mg/L of thiamine or 20,100,300 nmol/L riboflavin were significantly decreased(P0.05).Conclusion Proper supplementation of thiamine and riboflavin may decrease H2O2-induced DNA oxidative damage,while excess thiamine and riboflavin supplementation may be harmful to DNA and enhance the susceptibility to H2O2 potentially.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Dermatitis, Occupational ; diagnosis ; Eye Diseases ; diagnosis ; etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Trichloroethylene ; poisoning ; Young Adult

Objective To research serum level of interleukin-17 (IL-17)associated with the progression of hepatic injury in the chronic patients with hepatitis B. Methods The serum level of IL-17 was measured by ELISA and the serum levels of IL-6,IL-8 were measured by RIA in patient groups and healthy group, the patient groups including 42 mild patients, 37 moderate patients and 38 severe patients. Results IL-17,IL-6 and IL-8 levels in patient patients were significantly higher than those in healthy people(P< 0.01). There is no significant difference among mild patients and moderate patients. Compared with mild patients and moderate patients, the cytokines lever were significantly higher in severe patients(P<0.01). Conclusion IL-17 as a new cytokine probably play a multiple role as immune factor and inflammation element in the progression of the chronic hepatitis B disease. Maybe, it can provide a new approach to the therapy of the chronic hepatitis B.

Objective To explore the function of microRNA-214 on the drug resistance of different lymphoma cell types.Methods The Jurkat cells,OCI-Ly3 cells and Raji cells were selec-ted as the experimental groups.The healthy peripheral blood lymphocytes (Scr) were selected as the control group.The cells were miR-214 knockdown and stimulated with different drugs.The expression of miR-214 in different types of lymphoma ceils was detected by real-time PCR.The cell viability of lymphoma cells after knockdown miR-214 was detected by CCK-8.The drug sensitivity was detected by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium colorimetric method(MTT) assay.The BCL11B protein levels was detected by Western blot.The luciferase reporter assay was used to detect whether BCL11B was the target gene of miR-214.Results The miR-214 expression in the experimental groups of Jurkat,Oci-ly3 and Raji cells were 27.21 ± 1.37,17.13 ±2.11,19.31± 2.46,which were significantly higher than those in control group of 1.17 ± 0.28,the difference was statistical significance (P ＜ 0.05).After knockout miR-214,compared with the cell viability in control group (86 ± 12)％,the cell viability of Jurkat,OCI-Ly3 and Raji were (42 ± 13)％,(65 ± 11)％,(58 ± 7)％,the difference were significantly decreased (P ＜ 0.05).The drug sensitivity of Scr cells (control group) to doxorubicin,cyclophosphamide,daunorubicin,mito-mycin C and vincristine were 0.46 ± 0.11,1.96 ± 0.13,1.15 ± 0.22,3.90 ± 0.52,0.52 ± 0.15,respectively.The drug sensitivity of Jurkat cells to five drugs were 0.32 ±0.07,0.76 ±0.16,0.73-±0.13,2.36 ±0.16,0.37 ±0.06.The drug sensitivity of OCI-Ly3 cells to the five drugs were 0.28 ±0.06,0.91 ±0.12,0.55 ±0.09,2.01 ±0.36,0.23 ± 0.07,respectively.The drug sensitivity of Raji cells to five drugs were 0.36 ± 0.04,0.82 ± 0.08,0.64 ± 0.07,3.31 ±0.21,0.35 ±0.05,respectively.Which indicated that the drug sensitivity of lymphoma cells to various drugs was significantly decreased after the inhibition of miR-214 expression.The BCL11B was the direct target of miR-214.Conclusion Inhibition of miR-214 expression could decrease the cell viability of lymphoma cells and decrease the multidrug resistance of leukemia lymphocytes,which may be related to the miR-214 knockdown on the expression of BCL11 B.

Objective To investigate effects of atorvastatin on the development from macrophages (HMDM) to foam cells.Methods Monocytes were isolated from human peripheral blood by Ficoll-Hypaque density gradient centrifugation and plastic adsorptive process.The isolated cells were stimulated by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) (50 nmol/L) for 48 h and transformed to macrophages.Macrophages were co-incubated with 80 mg/L ox- idized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) and atorvastatin (0-100 ?mol/L),respectively for 0,6,12 and 24 h. Total cholesterol (TC),free cholesterol (FC) and protein (Pro) in cultured cells were quantitatively analyzed by high performance chromatography (HPLC) analysis and modified Lowry protein assay.Results When macropha- ges were incubated with 80 mg/L ox-LDL,the ratio of TC/Pro was greater than 20,and large amount of lipid drop- lets were displayed indicating the formation of foam cells.Atorvastatin decreased TC/Pro ratio in foam cells in a concentration and time dependent manner (0-100 ?mol/L)(P