Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; Reproduction ; physiology ; Social Behavior ; Tupaiidae ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of catecholamine hormone on the blood and brain of heroin addicts.

METHODSRats were divided into three groups and treated with the glucose (control group), the heroin (im) (heroin group), and the combination of the intramuscular injection of reserpine and heroin (reserpine group). Changes in the levels of the dopamine (DA), cAMP, and cGMP were detected by the radioimmunoassay (RIA) method in the blood and brain tissue.

RESULTSNo significant withdrawal symptoms were observed in the reserpine group. Compared with the control and heroin groups, the blood cAMP levels were increased by 35.36% and 15.53% in the reserpine group, respectively; the cAMP levels in the midbrain ventral tegmental area (VTA), prefrontal cortex (PFC), and hippocampus (Hipp) were increased by 24.08% & 8.53%, 15.66% & 8.13%, and 21.95% & 8.40%, respectively. While compared to the control and heroin groups, the DA levels of the PFC, Hipp, striatum, and nucleus accumbens (NAc) were significantly reduced in the reserpine group, decreasing by 74.09% & 82.86%, 81.06% & 82.23%, 91.62% & 86.55% and 84.35% & 90.63%, respectively. The concentrations of cGMP of the brain tissues in the reserpine group were lower than those in the control group. In addition, the neural electrophysiological testing showed that the electroencephalogram (EEG), electrocardiogram (ECG), and muscle spindle discharge diagram of rats in both the reserpine and heroin groups were apparently changed.

CONCLUSIONCatecholamine hormone plays an important role in heroin addiction.

Animals ; Brain ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Catecholamines ; physiology ; Cyclic AMP ; blood ; metabolism ; Cyclic GMP ; blood ; metabolism ; Dopamine ; blood ; metabolism ; Heroin Dependence ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

OBJECTIVETo investigate the mechanism and factors affecting mosaicism in human preimplantation embryos by using 2 sequential rounds of fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH).

METHODSTotally 51 normal fertilized embryos, which were not suitable for embryo transfer and cryopreservation, were analyzed on day 3 after fertilization by using two sequential rounds of FISH. Chromosomes 13, 16, 18, 21, 22, X and Y were analyzed.

RESULTSAmong 51 embryos, 16 (31.4%) were mosaic, 12 (23.5%) were chaotic, and the remaining were either normal (27.5%) or non-mosaic abnormal (17.6%). The incidence of mosaic embryos was related to embryo developmental stage, for the incidence of mosaicism increased from 12.5% in embryos

CONCLUSIONMosaicism is common in human preimplantaion embryos, which may be one of the important factors affecting the success rates in IVF-ET. Most of the chromosomal abnormalities can be identified by two sequential rounds of FISH.

Aneuploidy ; Blastocyst ; Chromosomes, Human ; Embryo Transfer ; Female ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; methods ; Mosaicism ; chemically induced ; embryology ; Preimplantation Diagnosis

AIM To study the influence and action mechanism of effective components in compatible solution of Sparganii Rhizoma-Curcumae Rhizoma on pelvic adhesions of model rats with chronic pelvic inflammatory disease.METHODS Laboratory rats were randomly assigned into six groups,a sham-operated group,a model group,a positive Fukeqianjin tablets group,compatible solution groups (40 g/kg high-dose group,20 g/kg medi um-dose group,and 10 g/kg low-dose group).Except rats of the sham-operated group,those in the other groups were induced into models of chronic pelvic inflammatory disease by mechanical bacterial strain implantation,after which a 20 d corresponding drug administration by oral gavage for each group was initiated.After completion of the last drug administration,Verco criterion was taken as the reference to evaluate pelvic adhesions,HE staining was performed on uterine tissues for pathological scoring,ELASA method was applied to measuring serum IL-1β and TNF-α levels,and Western blot method was used to detect the expression levels of proteins FGF-2 and IGF-1 in uterine tissues.RESULTS Compared with the model group,the high-dose compatible solution group had a much sharper fall in Verco scores (P ＜ 0.05),and remarkably decreased serum IL-1β and TNF-α levels (P ＜ 0.01);both high-dose and medium-dose groups manifested with notably alleviated degenerative necrosis and lowered scores of chronic inflammation infiltration and epithelial hyperproliferation (P ＜ 0.01 or P ＜ 0.05),and a distinct reduction in the expression of proteins FGF-2 and IGF-1 (P ＜ 0.05,P ＜ 0.01).CONCLUSION The significant improvement of the chronic pelvic inflammatory disease in model rats due to the effective components in the compatibile solution of Sparganii Rhizoma-Curcumae Rhizoma may be associated with inhibited release of inflammatory mediators IL-1β and TNF-α,and the reduced expression of proteins FGF-2 and IGF-1 as well.

OBJECTIVETo detect Bartonella henselae IgG antibody among healthy people in Changping, Beijing.

METHODSUsing indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunofluorescence antibody assay (IFA) to detect IgG antibody of Bartonella henselae among human beings.

RESULTSThe sensitivity and specificity of ELISA were 70.6% and 91.6% respectively, with the positive predictive value of serological test as 82.2%, and the negative predictive value as 84.9%, based on results of IFA. The positive rate was 34.5% among 357 healthy people on indirect ELISA but was 35.6% among 239 people with IFA.

CONCLUSIONThe results indicated that the indirect ELISA was a very quick, sensitive and available method for detecting Bartonella henselae in human beings, as well as a high positive percent age of Bartonella henselae among the healthy people of Changping Beijing.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Antibodies, Bacterial ; immunology ; Bartonella henselae ; immunology ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; methods ; Female ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect ; methods ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; immunology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) gene on proliferation of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) line cells and its mechanism.

METHODSFour interfering sequences of Nrf2 and one negative control sequence were designed and synthesised based on the principle of target sequence of siRNA, then constructed lentivirus vectors, which were transfected into K562 cell lines. The transfection effect was observed by laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM) and flow cytometer (FCM); The depressing effect of siRNA was analyzed by real-time PCR. The cell proliferation inhibiting rate was measured with CCK-8 assay, the apoptotic rate by Annexin V-PE/PI with FCM and the apoptotic morphology of cells by LSCM.

RESULTSThe transfection efficiency of lentivirus was 65%. One cell line K562-C3 which significantly inhibited Nrf2 mRNA was obtained by real-time PCR, Nrf2 relative quantitation (RQ) expressions were 1.003±0.093 and 0.344±0.032 in the control group and K562-C3 respectively; TrxR expression also decreased with RQ as 1.090±0.549 and 0.395±0.029 respectively. The cellular proliferation inhibition rates of K562-C3 were (4.74±0.39)%, (6.13±1.78)% and (25.36±3.77)%, respectively at 24, 48 and 72 h. The apoptotic rate induced by K562-C3 (29.9%) at 72 hours was obviously higher than in the control group (7.9%). The Annexin V-PE positive K562-C3 cells presented the following apoptotic characteristics, such as karyopyknosis, nuclear fragmentation and apoptotic bodies observed by LSCM.

CONCLUSIONNrf2 specific siRNA could repress its expression at the cellular level and down-regulate the expression of its downstream antioxidant enzyme, such as TrxR, which lead to increased apoptotic rate and decreased cell proliferation.

Apoptosis ; Cell Proliferation ; Down-Regulation ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; K562 Cells ; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive ; metabolism ; pathology ; NF-E2-Related Factor 2 ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; RNA, Small Interfering ; genetics ; Thioredoxin-Disulfide Reductase ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo make preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) for female translocation carriers by analyzing first polar bodies (1PBs) with whole chromosome painting probe (WCP).

METHODSWCP was used in fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis of 1PBs for four female Robertsonian carriers presented for PGD with 45 XX, der(13;14)(q10;q10) karyotype. All the patients underwent ovarian stimulation and during 6 h after oocyte retrieval 1PBs were biopsied and WCP were used in FISH. On day 3 after fertilization embryos diagnosed as normal or balanced were transferred.

RESULTSA total of 61 oocytes were collected in 4 PGD cycles. Of the 54 matured oocytes, 50 were biopsied and 45 were fixed successfully. Results were obtained in 40 1PBs. Overall, 74.1% (40/54) oocytes were diagnosed. The fertilization rate and good embryo rate were 64.8% (35/54) and 65.7% (23/35) respectively. Two clinical pregnancies were obtained. One patient delivered a normal female baby with karyotype 46, XX in June 2006. For another patient, the fetus spontaneously aborted at 9th week of pregnancy with karyotype of 45, X confirmed by amniotic villus diagnosis.

CONCLUSIONWCP can differentiate normal, balanced and unbalanced oocytes accurately and can be used as an efficient PGD method for female carriers of translocation.

Adult ; Chromosome Painting ; methods ; Female ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Oocytes ; metabolism ; Pregnancy ; Preimplantation Diagnosis ; methods ; Translocation, Genetic ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo investigate the constitution of abnormal spermatozoa from patients with sex chromosome anomalies.

METHODSTriple color fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to determine the sex chromosome constitution of spermatozoa from three patients with sex chromosome anomalies (case 1:46,XY/47,XXY, case 2:45,XO/46,X,Yqh-, case 3:47,XXY). The preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) was performed to case 2.

RESULTSAn increased ratio (2.05 vs 1) of X-bearing to Y-bearing spermatozoa was only observed in case 2, who also had an increased incidence of total abnormal spermatozoa (29.71%). An increased incidence of total abnormal spermatozoa (4.91%) was also observed in case 3. Among the constitution of abnormal spermatozoa, case 2 had the increased proportions of XY18 disomy, O18 monosomy and XO monosomy, while case 3 had an increase proportion of XY18 disomy (1.87%). PGD was performed to case 2 and one embryo with XX1818 was selected for implanting.

CONCLUSIONUsing FISH to detect the sperm sex chromosomes in patients with sex chromosome anomalies can provide the useful information to evaluate the risk of sex chromosome anomalies in preimplantation embryos.

Adult ; Chromosomes, Human, X ; genetics ; Chromosomes, Human, Y ; genetics ; Female ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Male ; Preimplantation Diagnosis ; methods ; Sex Chromosome Aberrations ; Spermatozoa ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo describe the distribution changes of the mortality rate for cervical cancer in China between the 1970's and 1990's and provide the scientific evidence for the prevention and control strategies for cervical cancer campaign in China between next century.

METHODSData from two National Surveys for the Causes of Death in 1970's and 1990's in China. The crude and adjusted mortality rates for the cervical cancer and the distributions based on age and area were calculated and described. The comparison of the differences of changes between two mortality rates periods and together with its trends were shown based on the age-standardized.

RESULTSDuring two decades, the mortality rate for cervical cancer was 10.7 per 100,000 in 1970's which declined to 3.89 per 100,000 in 1990's, and from the 3rd ranking among all female malignant tumors to the 6th in 1990's (decreased about 63.64%). But the declination was not evenly. There have still been some high-risk areas, most located in rural countries in the mid-west of China, with rates remain unchanged and even at the highest level in the world, such as Wudu in Gansu and Yangcheng in Shanxi. A big difference was showed between rural country and city, but in both of them, the mortality rates in 1990's were significantly much lower than in 1970's (P = 0.001) at each five-year age group. And in the city, there was a much sharper increased trend in young women in 1990's.

CONCLUSIONSThe mortality rate for cervical cancer campaign in China has been substantially declined during past twenty years, but it's still a major health problem for women, especially in rural China. The focus of the prevention and control for the cervical cancer in the next century should put on rural areas, especially in mid-west of China and young women in the city.

Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Cause of Death ; trends ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Rural Health ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; mortality ; prevention & control

Objective To explore the role of infection control nurses in healthcare-associated infection(HAI)man-agement,and provide basis for HAI management.Methods Through setting up infection control nurses in clinical departments of the whole hospital,clarifying their responsibilities and duties,training,and supervising them,the effect of infection control nurses on HAI management was observed.Results A total of 67 infection control nurses were set up in the clinical departments of the whole hospital,HAI management knowledge among health care work-ers (HCWs)in 26 departments improved significantly,scores of HAI management knowledge among HCWs in April and December was compared,difference was statistically significant (Z = - 2.193,unilateral P = 0.014). Hand hygiene compliance rate of HCWs improved from 83.35%(1817/2180)in April to 89.53% (2002/2236)in December,difference was statistically significant(χ2 =36.13,P <0.01).A total of 56670 hospitalized patients were monitored from April to December 2015,the total length of hospital stay was 411164 days,utilization rate of three catheters was 27.18%,three catheter-related infection rate was 0.74‰.The median scores of supervision on HAI management in clinical departments improved from 95.30 in May to 97.70 in September(P <0.05).Conclusion Setting up infection control nurses is of great significance to strengthen the HAI management organization and pro-mote the quality of HAI management.