Objective　To study whether covering ice on head can abate headache produced by using nitroglycerin.Method　64 cases were collected from the patients who used nitroglycerin and were randomly divided into one contrasting group (group A) and one experimental group (group B).For the patients of group A,the state of headache produced by using nitroglycerin should be observed.For the patients of group B,covering ice on their head was adopted when they used nitroglycerin,and the state of headache should also be observed.Results　There were obvious difference between the two groups (P<0.001).Conclusion　Covering ice on head is a good method which can abate headache produced by using nitroglycerin.

Objective To investigate the effects of atorvastatin on the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis(EAE)and the underlying mechanism of immunoregulation.Method The Wistar rats were used to establish EAE model.After oral administration of 2, 8 mg? kg~(1)?d~(1)of atorvastatin, the rats were examined for the development of neurological signs, changes of histopathology and the expression of IL-4 and MMP-9.Result Though high dose treatment with atorvastatin, the frequency of EAE attacks degreased from 76.67% to 33.33%(P=0.008);the extent of inflammation degreased from 3.2?1.1 to 1.3?0.4(P=0.01);and the number of MMP-9 positive cells degreased from 37?7 to 26?5(P= 0.001), the expression of IL-4 could be increased from(0.35?0.12)ng/ml to(0.68?0.23)ng/ml (P=0.05).Conclusion Atorvastatin can reduce the inflammation and produce the recover of the neurological harm because of the changes of MMP-9 and IL-4.

Objective To observe the effects of iodine excess on thyroid morphology,the expression of thyroid peroxidase and sodium iodide symporter mRNA and to explore their mechanisms.Methods One-month SD rats were divided into three groups:control iodine(CI),high iodine Ⅰ(HI Ⅰ)and high iodineⅡ(HI Ⅱ)and were fed with water containing iodine in different concentrations by adding K103(5,5000,10 000μg/L)respectively.Rats were sacrificed after being fed for six months.The morphology of thyroid was investigated under light microscopy and electron microscopy,the serum thyroid hormones and ratio of TPO/β-actin and NIS/β-actin were measured by radio-immunoassay and RT-PCR method.Results The major changes were increased follicles with colloid accumulation in HI groups.The levels of serum thyroid hormones TT3 and TT4 were decreased gradually from CI[(75.68±13.99,1.45±0.49)nmol/L]to HI Ⅰ[(73.82±16.48,1.34±0.31)nmol/L]and HIⅡ groups[(70.65±11.43,1.15±0.39)nmol/L],but there were no significant differences among three groups(F=O.371,l.163,P＞0.05).The TPO and NIS mRNA expressions in HI Ⅰ(1.28±0.10,0.56±O.17)and HI Ⅱ(1.14±0.04,0.39±0.06)were significantly lower(F=30.863,62.62.675,P＜O.05)than those of control group(1.39±0.08,0.71±0.13).Conclusions Chronic iodine excess leads to definite histological changes in rat thyroid,and inhibits the expressions of TPO and NIS mRNA as well as thyroid hormone synthesis,which in turn acts as a protective mechanism against iodine excess.

Humans ; Stents ; Tympanic Membrane ; Tympanic Membrane Perforation ; surgery

Objective To investigate the effects of Pulmicort Respules on the airway resistance and airway remodeling in rats with allergic asthma. Methods Thirty-two SD rats were randomly divided into blank control group,asthma model group,Pulmicort Respules group and normal saline control group,with 8 rats in each group.On the 14th day of allergization,rats were challenged by ovalbumin inhalation and were treated correspondingly.On the 28th day,airway resistance was determined,HE staining was conducted in lung tissues of each group,and airway remodeling related parameters were also measured. Results The airway resistance of Pulmicort Respules group was significant lower than that of blank control group,asthma model group and normal saline control group(P

Objective To investigate the expression of phosphatase and tension homolog (PTEN) in adipose tissue of KKAy diabetic mice, a mouse model of type 2 diabetes.
Methods KKAy diabetic mice were fed with high fat diet for 4 weeks. After blood glucose met the criteria of diabetes (over 16.7 mmol/L), mice were randomly divided into 3 groups:a control group (without any treatment), a rosiglitazone group (treated with rosiglitazone 12.5 mg/kg·d once per day), and a metformin group (treated with metformin 3 g/kg·d twice daily). After 4 weeks, we then determined the expression of PTEN and phosphoserine 473-Akt (pS473-Akt) in the epididymal adipose tissue with Western blots. The mice in each group were further divided into the insulin (-) subgroup and insulin (+) subgroup, which were intraperitoneally injected with saline and insulin (5 mU/g body weight), respectively.
Results The expression of PTEN was elevated in the epididymal adipose tissue obtained from KKAy diabetic mice compared with that from the C57BL/6J mice (P<0.001). In accordance with the enhanced expression of PTEN, the level of pS473-Akt stimulated by insulin was decreased in the adipose tissue of KKAy mice compared to the C57BL/6J mice (P<0.001). Treatment with the insulin-sensitizing agents, rosiglitazone and metformin did not inhibit the elevated expression of PTEN in adipose tissue of KKAy diabetic mice.
Conclusion PTEN may play an important role in the development of insulin resistance in adipose tissue of type 2 diabetes mice model.

A novel targeting drug carrier (FA-BO-PAMAM) based on the PAMAM G5 dendrimer modified with borneol (BO) and folic acid (FA) molecules on the periphery and doxorubicin (DOX) loaded in the interior was designed and prepared to achieve the purposes of enhancing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) transportation and improving the drug accumulation in the glioma cells. 1H NMR was used to confirm the synthesis of FA-BO-PAMAM; its morphology and mean size were analyzed by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Based on the HBMEC and C6 cells, cytotoxicity assay, transport across the BBB, cellular uptake and anti-tumor activity in vitro were investigated to evaluate the properties of nanocarriers in vitro. The results showed that the nanocarrier of FA-BO-PAMAM was successfully synthesized, which was spherical in morphology with the average size of (22.28 ± 0.42) nm, and zeta potential of (7.6 ± 0.89) mV. Cytotoxicity and transport across the BBB assay showed that BO-modified conjugates decreased the cytotoxicity of PAMAM against both HBMEC and C6 cells and exhibited higher BBB transportation ability than BO-unmodified conjugates; moreover, modification with FA increased the total uptake of DOX by C6 cells and enhanced the cytotoxicity of DOX-polymer against C6 cells. Therefore, FA-BO-PAMAM is a promising nanodrug delivery system in employing PAMAM as a drug carrier and treatment for brain glioma.
Biological Transport ; Blood-Brain Barrier ; Bornanes ; chemistry ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Dendrimers ; Doxorubicin ; pharmacology ; Drug Carriers ; chemistry ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Folic Acid ; chemistry ; Glioma ; Humans

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of cis-combretastatin-A1 phosphate (cis-CA1P) on tumor cell proliferation, and its effects on the blood vessel formations.

METHODSMTT and IC50 values were used to assess the inhibitory effects of cis-CA1P on tumor cell proliferation. Chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane and thoracic aorta annulations isolated from rats were used to investigate the effects of cis-CAIP on the blood vessel formation.

RESULTSCis-CA1P concentration-dependently inhibited the proliferations of several cancer cell lines, including human gastric carcinoma cell line MGC-803, human leukemic monocyte lymphoma cell line U937, human melanoma cell line A375, human colon cancer cell line HCT116, human breast carcinoma cell line MDA-MB-231, and human leukemia cell line K562. Cis-CAIP significantly decreased the formation of blood vessels in chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane and in thoracic aorta annulations.

CONCLUSIONCis-CA1P inhibits cancer cell proliferation and prevents blood vessel formation.

Animals ; Aorta ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Chick Embryo ; Chorioallantoic Membrane ; blood supply ; drug effects ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; prevention & control ; Phosphates ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Stilbenes ; chemistry ; pharmacology

Objective To analyze clinical diagnosis and management of 5 patients with actinomycete keratitis.Design Retro- spective case series.Participants 5 patients (5 eyes) with actinomycete keratitis.Methods The clinical features and microbiologic da- ta of 5 culture-proven cases of actinomycete keratitis recorded between October 2004 to March 2006 were analyzed.Main Outcome Measures clinical characteristics,isolations identification,drug susceptibility test and treatments.Results All patients were males and farmers.Of the 5 cases presented in this study,4 cases were followed by minor trauma as a predominant risk factor,and were pre- sented by a chronic progressive corneal ulcer with a wreath pattern of infiltrate.The diagnosis of all cases was based on laboratory in- vestigations,by which 4 cases of nocardia and one case of streptomyce were identified.A variable drug sensitivities were presented in nocardia isolates,which including TMP-SMZ,amicasin,gentamicin and fluorine-quinolones.Conclusions Nocardia keratitis is mainly followed by a minor trauma.It is identified predominantly by laboratory investigations.Tropical and systemically sensitive biotic are the initial choice,while debridement and amnionic transplantation could be an effective alternative.

Objective To observe the effects of 75 gram glucose oral tolerance test (75 g OGTT) and standard mixed meal test (SMMT) on insulin secretion function of the islets of Langerhans and plasma free fatty acid (FFA) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods Seventy-six patients with type 2 diabetes without using insulin and with no obvious complications were recruited for 75 g OGTT following overnight fasting on the first day and SMMT (bread 50 g,egg 50 g and milk 250 ml) on the 7th day.Blood specimens were collected from each patients before the tests and 30 min,60 min,120 min and 180 min after glucose or meal load to measure their levels of plasma glucose,serum insulin,C peptide,FFA and lipids (total cholesterol,triglyceride,high-density and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol).Results No difference in fasting plasma glucose,serum insulin,C peptide,FFA and lipids between 75 g OGTT and SMMT was found.Postprandial plasma glucose 30 min,60 min,120 min and 180 min after 75 g OGTT was significantly higher than that after SMMT,with (15.3?3.5) vs (9.9?3.4) mmol/L,(18.2?4.8) vs (12.8?4.0) mmol/L,(16.3?5.8) vs (12.2?4.9) mmol/L and (10.6?5.4) vs (9.5?4.5) mmol/L (F=28.1,P