OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of hypoxia on the human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells two pore domain potassium channels TASK-1 and the regulation of non-receptor tyrosine kinase c-Src in this process.

METHODSThe cultured human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (hPASMCs) were divided into: normal group, hypoxia 30 minute group, hypoxia 6 hours group and hypoxia 48 hour group, and hypoxia 48 hour + PP2 group, hypoxia 48 hour + PP3 group, hypoxia 48 hour + bpV group. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the cell cycle, RT-PCR and Western blot technique were carried out to detect the expression changes of TASK-1 mRNA and protein in different groups.

RESULTS(1) Cell Cycle Show: Compared with normal control group, with prolonged hypoxia, the percentages of hPASMCs in S phases of cell cycle were increased. While compared with hypoxia 48 hour group, the percentages of hypoxia 48 hour + PP2 group hPASMCs in S phases of cell cycle were decreased. The expression of TASK-1 mRNA on hPASMCs in acute hypoxia 6 hour group was increased, while the expression of TASK-1 protein on hPASMCs in the acute and chronic hypoxia group was decreased, and the expression of TASK-1 mRNA on hPASMCs in the chronic hypoxia group was decreased; After pre-incubation of a potent and selective inhibitor of the Src family of protein tyrosine kinases PP2, the expression of TASK-1 mRNA and protein in hypoxia 48 hour group was increased, however after pre-incubation of the inhibitor of the Src family of protein tyrosine phosphatase bpV, the expression of TASK-1 protein in hypoxia 48 hour group was decreased.

CONCLUSIONHypoxia promotes human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation, and non-receptor tyrosine kinase c-Src may participate in the expression of two pore domain potassium channels TASK-1 regulated by hypoxia. Therefore, we hypothesized that TASK-1 channels and c-Src participatein the acute and chronic hypoxic human pulmonary vasoconstriction.

Cell Hypoxia ; Cell Proliferation ; Cells, Cultured ; Humans ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle ; cytology ; Nerve Tissue Proteins ; metabolism ; Potassium Channels, Tandem Pore Domain ; metabolism ; Pulmonary Artery ; cytology ; RNA, Messenger ; Vasoconstriction ; src-Family Kinases ; metabolism

Abstract?AIM: To compare the changes in epithelial thickness profile following TransPRK and Epi-LASIK for myopia.? METHODS: In this prospective non -randomized controlled study, 76 right eyes of 76 myopic patients with the spherical equivalent refraction -1.25 to -6.00D were included under the informed consent. The eyes were divided into TransPRK group for 43 eyes and Epi-LASIK group for 33 eyes. Epithelial thickness was measured using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography at different corneal zones ( central, 2mm; paracentral, 2-5mm;and mid-peripheral, 5-6mm) preoperatively and at 1, 3, and 6mo postoperatively. The results were compared between the two groups.?RESULTS: The epithelium were thicker at 3 and 6mo after surgery compared to preoperative measurements in the two groups (all P<0.05).In TransPRK group, the epithelial thickness at 3 and 6mo demonstrated a negative meniscus-like lenticular pattern with lesser thickening centrally and progressively great thickening centrifugally (F3mo =-2.687,P=0.027;F6mo =-2.908,P=0.000).No statistically significant change was detected among the three zones in Epi-LASIK group (F=1.365, P=0.237). The epithelial thickness was thicker in the TransPRK group compared to the Epi-LASIK group mid-peripherally ( P<0.05) .? CONCLUSION: Significant epithelial thickening was observed after TransPRK and Epi-LASIK.It was showed a lenticular change with more thickening mid-peripherally after TransPRK than Epi -LASIK. Wound healing and inflammation may account for differences in the effect on epithelial thickness change by both surgeries.

OBJECTIVETo examine the association between Ponderal index (PI) at birth and metabolic syndrome during middle age.

METHODSTotally, 975 adults (494 men and 481 women) aged 41-52 from the study cohort of Fetal Origin of Adult Disease were recruited in the study for clinic examinations, involving anthropometry and measurements of blood pressure, fasting and 2 hr plasma levels of glucose and insulin, serum lipid profile. Their HOMA-insulin resistance (IR) index was estimated. Metabolic syndrome (MS) was diagnosed according to 1999 WHO definition. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the effect of PI on MS and the interaction between PI at birth and body mass index (BMI) in adulthood.

RESULTSPrevalence of MS was 18.7% in this mid-aged population, 24.8%, 19.4%, 16.3% and 14.0% in those with less than the 25th percentile, the 25th to less than the 50th percentile, the 50th to less than the 75th percentile and more than 75th percentile of PI at birth, respectively, in a decreasing trend (chi2 M-H for trend=9.938 adjusted for gender, P=0.002). Logistic regression analysis showed that both PI at birth and BMI during adulthood could influence their occurrence of MS (beta=-0.125, P=0.002, for PI; and beta=0.430, P=0.000, for BMI). A synergistic effect between PI at birth and BMI in adulthood was observed in this population. Persons who were thin at birth with PI less than the 25th percentile, and became overweight with BMI greater than or equal to 24 kg/m2 later in their life, were at higher risk of suffering from metabolic syndrome (OR=29.1, 95% CI=13.6-62.1), in comparison with those who became overweight during adulthood from a higher PI at birth (OR=16.0, 95% CI=7.9-32.3) and those who were thin at birth and remained a appropriate BMI during their adulthood (OR=2.0, 95% CI=0.7-5.7). Attributable fraction of the interaction to MS was 34.6%.

CONCLUSIONSThin at birth was a predictor for later occurrence of metabolic syndrome, as well as an effect modifier for the association between of later BMI and metabolic syndrome, i.e., overweight later in his life was most deleterious for a person with growth retardation at birth.

Adult ; Birth Weight ; Blood Glucose ; metabolism ; Body Mass Index ; China ; epidemiology ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Insulin Resistance ; physiology ; Lipids ; blood ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Metabolic Syndrome ; epidemiology ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVETo explore the relationship between serum level of leptin and the components of metabolic syndrome in a group of mid-aged Chinese population.

METHODS345 adults (184 men and 161 women) aged 46 - 53 were enrolled from Fetal Origin of Adult Disease (FOAD) cohort to participate the clinic examination including anthropometry, measurements of blood pressure, fasting and 2 hr plasma levels of glucose and insulin, serum levels of lipid and leptin. HOMA-IR index was calculated to estimate individual insulin resistance. Metabolic syndrome (MS) was diagnosed according to the definition criteria issued by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) in 2005.

RESULTSThe prevalences of central obesity, higher serum level of triglyceride (TG), lower serum level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C), IFG, higher blood pressure and MS were 53.0%, 47.5%, 34.2%, 26.7%, 33.9%, 31.9% in this mid-aged population, respectively. Serum geometric mean level of leptin was higher in females than in males. Serum level of leptin increased with the prevalence of MS and components of abnormal metabolism. The serum level of leptin compared with central obesity, higher blood pressure, higher serum level of triglyceride (TG), lower serum level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), IFG and MS was significantly higher respectively (P < 0.05) without HDL-C in males. The serum level of leptin increased with the number of components of abnormal metabolism subjects had (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONThe serum level of leptin in this population is significantly associated with MS and components of MS. Hyperleptinemia could be a new component of metabolic syndrome. It might be a target in selection of MS and relative diseases.

China ; epidemiology ; Cholesterol, HDL ; blood ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperinsulinism ; blood ; Insulin ; metabolism ; Insulin Resistance ; Leptin ; blood ; Male ; Metabolic Syndrome ; blood ; epidemiology ; Middle Aged ; Obesity ; blood

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of microwave radiation on thymocytes in mice at different power densities.

METHODSThe experimental animals were whole-body exposed to microwave radiation with frequency of 2,450 MHz, power density of 1, 5, 15 mW/cm(2) respectively 1 h everyday for 30 days. Then the thymus were taken out after the mice were decapitated. Thymus index, morphological characteristics of thymus were examined. The changes of thymus T-cell subgroups, cell cycle progression in thymocytes and cellular apoptosis were detected with flow cytometry (FCM).

RESULTSThe body weights of animals in 5, 15 mW/cm(2) irradiation groups [(28.10 +/- 1.46), (27.50 +/- 2.52) g] were lower than that of the control [(31.95 +/- 2.51) g] (P < 0.05). Pathological observation showed dark red piece of nucleus, some nuclei inclined to one side, slight increase in hassall body. The expressions of CD8 in 5, 15 mW/cm(2) irradiation groups (29.14% +/- 1.68%, 29.18% +/- 0.81%) were higher than that in control group (26.95% +/- 1.27%) (P < 0.05). The percentages of G(2) + M phase thymocytes in both radiation groups (12.24% +/- 1.82%, 11.19% +/- 1.36%) were lower than that in control group (14.58% +/- 0.64%) (P < 0.01). Thymocytic apoptosis rates in the three experimental groups (7.18% +/- 0.99%, 10.06% +/- 1.58%, 9.45% +/- 0.92%) were higher than that in control (4.25% +/- 1.63%) (P < 0.01), but the evident difference between 5 mW/cm(2) and 15 mW/cm(2) was not found (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSub-chronic microwave exposure (2 450 MHz, 5, 15 mW/cm(2)) could induce thymocyte apoptosis, cause pathological changes in thymus, and affect cell cycle progression, thus may inhibit the immune function of the animal.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; radiation effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation ; Female ; Male ; Mice ; Microwaves ; adverse effects ; T-Lymphocytes ; radiation effects ; Thymus Gland ; cytology ; radiation effects

Objective To evaluate the reliability of HARSHAW-3500 thermoluminescence dosimetry system by testing its performances.Methods HARSHAW-3500 thermoluminescence dosimetry system had its performances tested and evaluated according to Verification regulation of thermoluminescence dosimetry systems used in persontal and environmental monitoring forXandgammaradiation(JJG 593-2006),Testingcriteriaofpersonneldosimetryperformanceforexternalexposure (GBZ 207-2016),Specifications for individual monitoring of occupational external exposure (GBZ 128-2016) and Thermoluminescence dosimetry systems for personal and environmental monitoring (GB/T 10264-2014),such as batch homogeneity,repeatability,linearity,incidence angle response,stability,energy response and scale factor,quantity inspection,residual dose,detection limit and etc.Results Testing results of various performance indicators proved to be within the limits according to national and industrial standards.Conclusion HARSHAW-3500 thermoluminescence dosimetry system conforms to the requirements for radiation dose measurement.It is beneficial to the improvement of quality and performance of thermoluminescence dosimetry by performances analysis and evaluation.

Objective To evaluate the changes in epithelial thickness profile and its relationship with diopter following small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) for moderate and high myopia.Methods Together 46 myopia or myopic astigmatism (92 eyes) who underwent SMILE were included under the informed consent from January 2016 to March 2017 and were decided into 2 groups according to the diopter:moderate myopia group (58 eyes)and high myopia group (34 eyes).Epithelial thickness profile was measured using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography at different corneal zones (0-2 mm,＞ 2-5 mm and ＞ 5-6 mm cornea) preoperatively before surgery and 1 month and 6 months after surgery for observing the changes in epithelial thickness and its correction with diopter.Results The mean epithelial thickness in the central zone was (55.68 ± 3.61) μm before surgery,and,6 months after surgery,it was thickened by (3.85-±3.99),(3.46 ±3.29) and (2.85 ±3.18) μm in the 0-2 mm,＞2-5 mum and ＞5-6 mm cornea respectively,and the difference was statistically significant among the three zones (P ＜ 0.01).After surgery for 6 months,the epithelial thickness in the high myopia group was thickened more obviously compared with the moderate myopia group (t =1.440,P =-0.047).And no correlation was found between changes in the epithelial thickness at 0-2 mm cornea and diopter after surgery(moderate myopia group:r =0.219,P=0.633;high myopia group:r =0.197,P =0.585).Conclusion Significant epithelial thickening was observed after SMILE,presenting the thickened epithelium.The higher the diopter was,the more thickened the epithelium was.The epithelial changes does not appear to affect the diopter after SMILE.

Objective To evaluate the demand for midwives in Yunnan province utilizing Birthrate Plus for planning and development of such workforce. Methods A convenient sample method was used to investigate 8435 maternal cases at 9 hospitals in Yunnan province in four months from 9 - 12 in 2017, and Birthrate Plus was used to calculate the demand for midwifery at each hospital. We also analyzed the two core elements of Birthrate Plus- maternal category allocation and midwife hours of each hospital. Results Maternal cases fall into five categories and maternal category allocation in hospitals is roughly the same;Maternal in higher category tended to need longer midwife hours; the average birthrate of 9 hospitals was (194. 22 ± 44. 84) case/ ( year·midwife). The number of midwives in two tertiary hospitals is obviously insufficient. Midwives at 7 secondary hospitals are more than predicted. Conclusions Midwives in Yunnan are generally faced with a large workload, especially at secondary hospitals, and midwives need to bear numerous non-midwifery workload beyond Birthrate Plus. Therefore, the Birthrate Plus can reflect the midwifery workload scientifically and reasonably in the current situation of midwifery work. But the predication for midwifery workforce requires a study of the ratio of midwifery work in the entire clinical work of the hospital.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the role of multidrug resistant protein 2 (MRP2) and glutathione (GSH) cotransport system in hepatic arsenic metabolism in rats.

METHODSThirty healthy Wistar rats were divided randomizedly into five groups. The first group was the control group and the rats in this group were administered with normal saline. In the second, third and fourth group the rats were administered with 4, 10 and 20 mg As(+)3/kg BW of sodium arsenite respectively every other day for two weeks. The fifth group was the benzene-soluble organics (BSO) intervention group and in this group the rats were administered with 2 mmol/kg BW BSO intraperitoneally every day three days before the end of the experiment. The other treatment was the same as in other groups. All rats were sacrificed two weeks after the treatments. Arsenic contents in bile, liver and blood were detected by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), and the expression of MRP2 in the membrane of hepatocyte was determined by Western-blot analysis.

RESULTSThe level of total arsenic (including organic arsenic and inorganic arsenic) in bile, liver and blood in all three different dose groups was higher than those in the control groups (P < 0.05). Arsenic levels of bile and liver were increased with intragastric arsenic dose. Blood arsenic levels were not significantly different in three different dose groups. Expression of hepatic MRP2 was increased with intragastric arsenic concentration. A positive correlation between biliary arsenic concentration and MRP2 levels was found in liver (r = 0.986, P < 0.05). For the rats pretreated with BSO, the biliary arsenic was significantly higher than that in the control group but lower than that in the high dose group; the liver and blood arsenic was higher than that in the control group and in the high dose group. Expression of MRP2 pretreated with BSO was decreased.

CONCLUSIONSodium arsenite can induce expression of MRP2 and the up-regulation of MRP2 may play an important role in the bile secretion of arsenite and its metabolites. The function of MRP2 for transportation of arsenic and its metabolites is associated with the intracellular GSH level. BSO inhibits the synthesis of GSH, which weakens the function of the MRP2-GSH cotransport system and makes the liver arsenic increased.

Animals ; Arsenic ; pharmacokinetics ; Arsenic Poisoning ; metabolism ; Bile ; metabolism ; Female ; Glutathione ; biosynthesis ; Liver ; metabolism ; Male ; Membrane Transport Proteins ; biosynthesis ; Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins ; biosynthesis ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Up-Regulation

OBJECTIVETo study the prevalence of Diabetes mellitus (DM) in children and adolescents and to describe the characteristics on age, gender and district distribution of schoolchildren, in Beijing.

METHODSA cross-sectional screening program the fasting capillary blood glucose (FCBG) was carried out in 19,593 schoolchildren in 7 areas of Beijing from March to October, 2004. According to the WHO diagnostic criteria: DM was set as FCBG < or = 6.1 mmol/L, impaired fasting glucose (IFG) was set as 5.6 mmol/L < or = FCBG < 6.1 mmol/L.

RESULTSThe total aggregate age-adjusted prevalence rates of DM and IFG were 5.7 per thousand and 13.5 per thousand, respectively. The prevalence rates of DM and IFG in males were significantly higher than that in females (7.7 per thousand vs. 3.6 per thousand and 26.8 per thousand vs. 11.3 per thousand. DM X2 = 12.27, P = 0.0005; IFG X2 =47.29, P = 0.0000). Among seven districts, East District had the highest prevalence rates of DM and IFG, 8.9 per thousand and 27.4 per thousand (companied high obesity 28.68%) while Ping-Gu District having the lowest ones as 2.0 per thousand and 7.5 per thousand (obese 12.75%) respectively (X2 = 13.75, and X2 = 32.65, P = 0.0002 and P < 0.0001). The DM prevalence rates between districts ranged from 2.0 per thousand to 8.9 per thousand, X2 = 18.94, P = 0.004 and the IFG prevalence of districts ranged from 7.5 per thousand to 27.4 per thousand (X2 = 52.05, P < 0.0001). The prevalence rates of DM among different age groups increased with age, with the highest prevalence of IFG on the 10-14 age group. Among boys, the highest prevalence rates of DM and IFG fell in the 15-18 and 10-14 age groups respectively while the highest prevalence rates on both DM and IFG among girls were in the same age group 10-14.

CONCLUSIONThe high prevalence rates on DM and IFG were seen in Beijing and showed significant discrimination on age, gender and district distribution. More developed urban district and males had a higher prevalence, companied by higher obesity prevalence. Age seemed to be a high risk factor on DM for boys while the puberty development seemed a high risk factor for girls.

Adolescent ; Child ; China ; epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diabetes Mellitus ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male