Trehalose is a naturally occurring non-reducing disaccharide. This sugar has been known as a protector of biomembrane and macromolecules. And it has been widely used in foods, medicines, cosmetics. Trehalose synthase (TreS) is an intramolecular transglycosylase. It can catalyze the conversion of maltose into trehalose in one step. As the simple protocol and cheap substrate, it is very prospect in the industrial production. Here we have discussed the properties, catalytic mechanism and gene-engineering of TreS, and also proposed some solutions to its present research problems.

Bibliometrics ; Biochemistry ; Biotechnology ; China ; Journal Impact Factor ; Periodicals as Topic ; statistics & numerical data ; Science

3T3-LI preadipocytes were induced to differentiate and 3T3-L1 adipocyte or preadipocytes were incubated with oleate or palmitate overnight.RT-PCR was used to measure adiponectin receptor(AdipoR)1 and AdipoR2 mRNA levels.The results showed that the AdipoRl and AdipoR2 expressions were differentiation- dependent.Oleate only suppressed AdipoR mRNA expression in preadipocyte but not in adipocyte.However,high concentration of palmitate reduced AdipoR mRNA expression in both 3T3-LI preadipocyte and adipocyte.

Objective To compare the planning systems of the simplified manual intensity modulated (SMIM) irradiation and standard tangential (ST) irradiation,in order to explore the application of SMIM technique in clinic.Methods In 64 cases of breast cancers after breast conserving surgery,each underwent both SMIM and ST planning systems.SMIM planning was designed by copying additional fields for shielding the high dose areas from internal or lateral tangential field.The high dose areas were reduced by adjusting the size of the additional field and open tangential field.To optimize the SMIM planning,3 high dose areas (＞ 103% ,＞ 105% and ＞ 107%) were shielded and 3 protocols carried out.The wedges were also optimized in ST plan.The target coverage and dose homogeneity and dose of organ at risk were compared between SMIM and ST planning systems.Results When the dose was normalized to cover the volume of 95% CTV,85% of the shielded areas in optimal SMIM planning were that of ＞ 103% high dose area,and 94% of target area was covered.The study on the volume of breast CTV showed that,in the large breast group,SMIM could not only significantly reduce the high dose areas,and the maximum dose as well as the dose of organ at risk,but also enhance the dose homogeneity index.However,no such effect was not significant in the small breast group.Conclusions The simplified manual intensity modulated technique can improve target dose homogeneity in the large breast cases instead of the standard tangential technique.

Objective To evaluate the clinical feasibility of quality assurance of intensity modulated radiation therapy(IMRT) through a series of clinical case studies. Methods Helios inverse planning system was used to provide optimized IMRT treatment plans for brain tumor, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, pancreatic cancer, spinal metastatic tumor and prostatic cancer. To verify the conformation between the fluence map of each beam predicted by the planning system and that actually delivered, a piece of film under a homogeneous polystyrene phantom was irradiated vertically with each of the beams to record the deposited dose. This measured fluence map was compared with that predicted by the planning. The dose distribution was recorded by irradiating the film in an anthropomorphic phantom using patients' treatment plan, then compared with that predicted by the planning. An ionization chamber in a water phantom was used to measure the central point dose and another eccentric point dose. Results The fluence map measured by the film was well consistent with that predicted by the planning. The error between the measured dose and predicted dose in the central point was less than 3%, whereas the error of the dose in another eccentric point varied greatly. The isodose distribution (on axial plane) measured by the film was consisent with the predicted one. Conclusions The procedures for quality assurance of IMRT are feasible in our experience.

Abortion, Spontaneous ; diagnosis ; genetics ; metabolism ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p57 ; metabolism ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Hydatidiform Mole ; diagnosis ; genetics ; metabolism ; Immunohistochemistry ; Pregnancy ; Uterine Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; genetics ; metabolism

Seashore landfill aquifers are environments of special physicochemical conditions (high organic load and high salinity), and microbes in leachate-polluted aquifers play a significant role for intrinsic bioremediation. In order to characterize microbial diversity and look for clues on the relationship between microbial community structure and hydrochemistry, a culture-independent examination of a typical groundwater sample obtained from a seashore landfill was conducted by sequence analysis of 16S rDNA clone library. Two sets of universal 16S rDNA primers were used to amplify DNA extracted from the groundwater so that problems arising from primer efficiency and specificity could be reduced. Of 74 clones randomly selected from the libraries, 30 contained unique sequences whose analysis showed that the majority of them belonged to bacteria (95.9%), with Proteobacteria (63.5%) being the dominant division. One archaeal sequence and one eukaryotic sequence were found as well. Bacterial sequences belonging to the following phylogenic groups were identified: Bacteroidetes (20.3%), β, γ, δ and ε-subdivisions of Proteobacteria (47.3%, 9.5%, 5.4% and 1.3%, respectively), Firmicutes (1.4%), Actinobacteria (2.7%), Cyanobacteria (2.7%). The percentages of Proteobacteria and Bacteroides in seawater were greater than those in the groundwater from a non-seashore landfill, indicating a possible influence of seawater. Quite a few sequences had close relatives in marine or hypersaline environments. Many sequences showed affiliations with microbes involved in anaerobic fermentation. The remarkable abundance of sequences related to (per)chlorate-reducing bacteria (C1RB) in the groundwater was significant and worthy of further study.

This paper introduces a viewdata and display system of biologic image by WinDriver, which mainly includes a data acquistion card of image, the ASIC design of its control and an introduction of a method to drive I/O of PC.

OBJECTIVETo explore effects of nordy on biological behaviors of human malignant glioblastoma cell line U87MG in vitro and transplanted tumor in vivo, and to identify the differential proteome upon Nordy induced differentiation.

METHODSGlioblastoma U87MG cells were induced to differentiate by synthetic lipoxygenase inhibitor, Nordy. The drug was also given via peritoneal injection to nude mice (27 mg/kg body weight) bearing orthotopic transplanted tumors of U87MG cells in the brain. The tumor volumes and GFAP expression were measured. Total proteins of U87MG cells after Nordy treatment were analysed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. PDQuest 7.1 computer software was used to compare protein profiles of the treated cells with that of untreated control. Differentially expressed proteins were then selected and characterized by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry. The functional aspects of these proteins were analyzed by bioinformatics.

RESULTSNordy suppressed both the proliferation of U87MG cells in vitro and the tumor growth of orthotopic transplanted tumors in vivo (P < 0.01). The differentially expressed proteins induced by Nordy included proliferation-associated gene A, alternative splicing factor ASF-3, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A, coffilin 1 (non-muscle), beta galactoside binding lectin, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, enolase 1 and an unknown protein.

CONCLUSIONSNordy promotes the differentiation of glioblastoma cells, by which it may serve as a therapeutic agent. Various proteins identified during Nordy-induced differentiation are involved in the cell proliferation, metabolism, differentiation, apoptosis and gene transcription.

Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; Brain Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein ; metabolism ; Glioblastoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Lipoxygenase Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Male ; Masoprocol ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Nude ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Protein Array Analysis ; Proteome ; genetics ; metabolism ; Proteomics ; methods ; Random Allocation ; Tumor Burden

OBJECTIVETo study the influecnce of gentian leaf blight on the output and quality of rough gentian.

METHODThe same grade seedlings were transplanted, disease of every plant was investigated in autumn and the output of gentian was determined. HPLC was applied to determine the content of gentiopicroside and swertiamarin.

RESULTThe output decreased with the aggravation of the disease, and the decrease was obvious when the index of disease was above 60. The content of gentiopicroside and swertiamarin began to drop when the index of disease was above 70.

CONCLUSIONThe loss of output and the drop of quality are relatively heavy when the disease is serious. The loss of income is not obvious when the index of disease is under 60.

Gentiana ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Glucosides ; analysis ; Iridoid Glucosides ; Iridoids ; analysis ; Mitosporic Fungi ; growth & development ; Plant Diseases ; economics ; microbiology ; Plant Leaves ; microbiology ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Pyrans ; analysis ; Pyrones ; analysis ; Quality Control