Commercial production of bioethanol from lignocellulosic hydrolysates requires efficient fermenting strains. The abilities of the strain to converting all types of sugars in the hydrolysate to ethanol in high yield and to effectively tolerating/metabolizing inhibitors are necessary. Genome shuffling is a novel method for breeding, and it has been applied in pharmaceutical and food industry. This review summarized the technique of genome shuffling including principle, process, applications and its prospect for strains improvement in ethanol production from lignocellulosic hydrolysates.

Objective To investigate the change of serum transforming growth factor(TGF)-?1 and vascular endothelial growth facter( VEGF) in children with different types of primary nephrotic syndrome( PNS). Methods Children involved in the experiments were divided into simple type group, 16 cases; nephrit was type group, 16 cases, collecting blood sample in prednison - pretreated stage and in prednison- treated stage;control group, 14 cases. Monoclonal EUISA detected TGF-?1 and VEGF. Results Serum level of TGF-?1 and VKGF in active stage of simple type were higher than those of remission stage. The level in nephritis type was no signifi cant difference between prednison- treated stage and prednison - pretreated stage. The level in nephritis type was significantly higher than that in simple type. Conclusion Monitoring the dynamic change of serum TGF-?1 and VEGF can assess the effect of prednison treatment,and evaluate the prognosis of nephrotic syndrome.

Objective:To research the solubilization of sulfobutyl ether-β-cyclodextrin ( SEB-β-CD) on voriconazole and the sta-bility of voriconazole with different pH values. Methods:Phase-solubility diagram was applied to study the solubilization of SEB-β-CD on voriconazole. Meanwhile, the impurity of voriconazole was determined to study the stability. Results:SBE-β-CD could increase the solubility of voriconazole significantly and the apparent stability constant was similar within the pH range of 5. 0-8. 0. The stability of voriconazole was decreased with the increase of pH. Conclusion:SEB-β-CD is an ideal solubilizer for voriconazole, while the stability is influenced by pH.

Hydrolytic amino acids were extracted by acid hydrolysis method, then derivatized with phenyl isothiocyanate (PITC). And the samples were analysed by HPLC on an Ultimate Prime C18 (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) column with gradient elution of 0.1 mol x L(-1) sodium acetate buffer solution (adjusted to pH 6. 5)-acetonitrile (93:7) (A) and acetonitrile-water (8:2) (B) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL x min(-1). Column temperature was 40 degrees C and the detected wavelength was 254 nm. Amino acids derivative solution remained stable in 36 hours. The response was linear for 16 amino acids with a correlation coefficient r > 0.999 5. The average recoveries were 98.01% -101.8%. The method is reliable with good accuracy and repeatability, which is useful for the determination of amino acids in Galli Gigerii Endothelium Corneum.
Amino Acids ; analysis ; Animals ; Chickens ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Chromatography, Reverse-Phase ; Endothelium ; chemistry ; Gizzard, Avian ; chemistry

There are abundant of lignocelluloses in agricultural wastes. And it can provide a variety of sugars involve pentose and hexose through pretreatments or hydrolyzation of these lignocelluloses. This review summarized the current status of bioethanol production by bacteria, and compared the productivity of some kinds of ethanologenic bacteria such as recombinant Zymomonas mobilis and Escherichia coli.

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of community education and service of mental health on improvement of people's diathesis.Methods483 subjects from 6 social strata were investigated with the questionnaire to find out the community resident's idea on mental health and need for psychological service.ResultsThere were significant differences in the concepts of criteria of mental health among people in different social strata and ages (P<0.001),and requirements for community education and service of mental health varied from one to another. Forms and contents of community education and service were multiplicate.ConclusionThe community education and service of mental health should be developed widely for improving people's diathesis.

Objective To investigate the role of plasma tissue factor (TF) and tissue factor pathway inhibitor-1 (TFPI-1) level and to observe the effect of extrinsic TFPI-1 on no-reflow (NR) in a rabbit model of ischemia/reperfusion. Methods Rabbits were randomized into four groups (n = 10 each): ischemic- reperfusion group (IR, subjected to 120 minutes of coronary artery occlusion and followed by 60 minutes of reperfusion); ischemic- reperfusion TFPI-1 group (100 ng/kg bolus and 1 ng · kg~(-1) · min~(-1) infusion during reperfusion) ; ischemic group (subjected to 180 minutes of coronary artery occlusion) and sham group. The NR area and ischemic area were determined by thioflavin S and Evan's blue staining in vivo. Plasma TF and TFPI-1 levels were measured before operation, before and at 120 minutes post coronary artery ligation, 10 and 60 minutes after reperfusion by ELISA. Results Plasma TF and TFPI-1 levels before and at 120 minutes post coronary artery ligation were similar among the four groups (all P > 0.05). At 10 and 60 minutes after reperfusion, the plasma TF levels in the IR group was significantly higher than those in ischemic group and sham group [10 minutes: (20.7 ±4. 1) pg/ml vs. (13.9 ±2. 2)pg/ml(P <0. 001), (20.7±4. l)pg/ml vs. (13.2±2.6) pg/ml(P<0. 001); 60 minutes; (15.8±2.6) pg/ml vs. (13.5± 1.6) pg/ml(P<0.05), (15.8 ±2.6) pg/ml vs. (12.1 ±0.7) pg/ml (P < 0. 001)] while the plasma TFPI-1 levels were similar among IR, ischemic and sham groups at 10 minutes after reperfusion and at 60 minutes after reperfusion (all P >0. 05). TFPI-1 level [(9.7 ± 1. 6) ng/ml] was significantly lower in the IR group than in the ischemic group [(11.6 ±1.6) ng/ml, P < 0. 05] and sham group [( 10. 1 ±1.3) ng/ml, P < 0. 01] . TF mRNA expression in the NR area in IR group was significantly up-regulated compared to the ischemic group (P<0. 05) and sham group (P <0. 001 ) while TFPI-1 mRNA expression was similar between IR group and ischemic group ( P > 0. 05 ) . NR severity in the ischemic-reperfusion TFPI-1 group was significantly attenuated compared to IR group (0. 39 ±0. 11 vs. 0.54±0.06, P<0.01). Conclusion Upregulated TF mRNA expression in the NR area and increased plasma TF level during reperfusion period, reduced plasma TFPI-1 level during reperfusion period as well as attenuated NR severity by extrinsic application of human rTFPI-1 in this model suggested an important role in the pathogenesis of the NR phenomenon.

Effervescent tablets which contain an effervescent mixture of a suitable organic acid and an alkali metal bicarbonate and/or carbonate can give out carbon dioxide when they meet water. The effervescent tablets for oral solution can be dissolved in cool water about 17-20 degrees C, therefore it is convenient to carry and use. It also has a good taste for patient with deodorizing agent added. The foam produced by external effervescent tablets is usually helpful in killing the local bacteria. The review displayed the main supplementary material, preparative technique and the study development of effervescent tablets of Chinese traditional medicine. Effervescent tablets that have been used to clinic were enumerated.
Citric Acid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Plants, Medicinal ; Polyethylene Glycols ; Sodium Bicarbonate ; Tablets ; Technology, Pharmaceutical

OBJECTIVETo study the cleavage activity of specific deoxyribozyme to hepatitis C virus in vitro.

METHODSThree deoxyribozymes were designed to cleave at sites 157, 168, 173 in HCV 5'-noncoding region with the active region of 5'-GGCTAGCTACAACGA-3' respectively. Plasmid pCMV/T7-NCRC -Delta Luc was completely linearized with restriction endonuclease Xba I. HCV RNA5'-NCRC was transcribed in vitro from the linearized products and radiolabelled with [alpha-32P] UTP. Under the conditions of 37 degrees C, pH7.5, Mg2+ 10 mmol/L, the three deoxyribozymes were mixed with substrate RNA individually for 120 minutes and then the reactions were terminated. The cleavaged products were separated with 8% denaturated polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and displayed by autoradiography. DRz3 was mixed with the substrate RNA at different Mg2+ concentrations. The cleavage efficiency was analyzed with a gel document action analyzing systems.

RESULTSUnder the adopted conditions the three deoxyribozymes efficiently cleaved to the target RNA in vitro and the cleavage activity of DRz3 was increased with the increase of Mg2+ concentration.

CONCLUSIONThe designed deoxyribozymes can cleave 5'-NCR mRNA of HCV efficiently in vitro and it is dose-respondent to Mg2+ concentration.

DNA, Catalytic ; genetics ; DNA, Single-Stranded ; genetics ; Genetic Therapy ; Hepacivirus ; genetics ; Hepatitis C ; therapy ; Humans ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics

Objective: To summarize the distributing rule of TCM syndrome elements of common diseases by analyzing the literature of Depression,Chronic Hepatitis B,Chronic Renal Failure,Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease,Menopausal Syndrome.Methods: We selected eligible literatures,then established database with EpiData 3.0 software and computed the frequency of TCM syndrome elements with SPSS 12.0 software.Results: ①Liver,heart,spleen,lung and kidney are common TCM syndrome elements of location of disease.②Yin deficiency,yang deficiency,heat,qi stasis,qi deficiency,blood stasis,damp and phlegm are common TCM syndrome elements of nature of disease.③There are TCM syndrome types between 62 and 148,but the sum of frequency of leading syndrome types which includes disease information is mostly no more than 50%.There are TCM syndrome elements between 19 and 47,but the sum of frequency of leading syndrome elements which includes disease information is mostly above 80%.Conclusion: It is convenient to study TCM syndrome from the aspect of TCM syndrome elements,so we should thoroughly keep on studying TCM syndrome elements.