Fermentation conditions for the production of spores of Bacillus mucilaginosus mutant 021120 were optimized through the single factor and orthogonal experiments.The results showed that the biomass and formation of spores were obviously affected by carbonate,followed by nitrogen.Addition of CaCO3 and enhancing air flux notably promoted the formation of spores.The optimal culture medium was composed of 2% starch,0.4% Yeast,0.1% K2HPO4,0.1% MgSO4?7H20 and 0.5 %CaCO3,pH7.5.6% of the inoculum prepared with two-stage extensive culture was inoculated into a 70L fermentor.The fermentation was carried out with 2.0~2.5 vvm of air flux at 32℃ for 38~42h,and the spores of 9.80?108 cfu ml-1 was obtained.Under these optimal fermentation conditions,the capsule was successfully controled and the formation of the spores was effectively improved,thus the satisfying bacteial product was obtained.

Objective To explore the application of continuing nursing model in life of puerperae with preterm infants and evaluate its effects.Methods Based on continuous nursing model of Ahmadi,puerperae's continuing nursing program was constructed.Randomized controlled trail design was used,and totally 110 puerperae in a hospital in Beijing were recruited from August 2016 to March 2017.The experimental group received continuing nursing intervention model,and the control group received routine nursing care.Parenting knowledge and psychological evaluation of the two groups were collected 3 days before discharge,1 month,3 months and 6 months after discharge.Results Ninety-eight puerperae completed the study.In the experimental group,the score of parenting knowledge was higher than that of the control group(P＜0.01),and the total score of mental health assessment and scores of depression and anxiety were lower than those in the control group (P＜0.05).Conclusion Puerperae's continuing nursing program based on the continuous nursing model of Ahmadi improved maternal ability and positive emotion,and promoted quality of life.

Objective To study the effect of fluorine on the bone histomorphometry of humbar in rats.Methods Ninety 2-month-old SPF Sparague-Dawley rats,half male and female,were randomly divided into 9 groups:control[(childhood(CS),adult(AS),long-time(NS)]group and drug group[childhood high-fluoride and low-fluoride group(CHS,CLS),adult high-fluoride and low-fluoride(AHS,ALS),long-term high-fluoride and low-fluoride(CLHS,CLLS)].The control group was administered orally with solution of 0.9%NaCl,while the drug group was given orally with different dose of NaF at the same time. Sections of the fifth lumbar were made which was undecalicified for bone histomorphometric analysis, including the percentage of trabecular bone area (% Tb.Ar),trabecular thickness(Tb.Th), trabecular number(Tb.N), trabecular separation(Th.Sp) ; broken trabecular bone area cells (Oc.N), osteoclast perimeter percentage (% Oc.Pm), the percentage of labeled perimeter (% L.Pm), bone mineral apposition rate(MAR), osteoblast perimeter(Ob.PM), trabecular bone perimeter formation rate (BFR/BS),trabecular bone area formation rate (BFR/BV), the total area of bone formation rate (BFR/TV). Results [1]The percentage of Tb.Ar, Tb.Th, Tb.N,%L.Pm, MAR, BFR/BS, BFR/BV and BFR/TV of CHS group [(50.63 ±7.44)%, (150.26 ± 27.51 )μm, (3.44 ± 0.47)N/mm, (50.63 ± 7.44)%, (0.85 ± 0.03)μm/d, (8.45 ± 2.36)μm/d ×100, (381.16 ± 41.62)%/year, (75.07 ± 4.81)%/year] was higher than that of CS group [(29.71 + 9.32)%,(110.93 ± 28.19)μm, (2.68 ± 0.34)N/mm, (24.00 ± 1.22)%, (0.65 ± 0.03)μm/d, (5.43 ± 0.18)μm/d × 100,(141.32 ± 9.29)%/year, (58.14 ± 2.3)%/year, all P < 0.05)]. The %Tb.Ar, Tb.Th, %L.Pm, MAR, BFR/BS,BFR/BV, BFR/TV and Ob.PM of CLS group [(40.76 ± 6.43)%, (164.25 ± 45.65)μm, (42.02 ± 6.12)%, (0.85 ±0.04)μm/d, (8.95 ± 3.73)μm/d × 100, (378.73 ± 35.39)%/year, (73.52 ± 8.71)%/year, (1.41 ± 0.05)μm] were increased (all P < 0.05). [2]Compared with AS group, the %Tb.Ar,Oc.N, %Oc.Pm, %L.Pm, MAR, BFR/BS,BFR/BV and BFR/TV of AHS group[ (50.62 ± 5.76)%, (0.51 ± 0.05)N/mm, (1.13 ± 0.05)%, (42.3 ± 7.02)%,(1.28 ± 0.09)μm/d, (12.91 ± 1.52)μm/d × 100, (390.12 ± 43.56)%/year, (65.21 ± 22.13)%/year] was higher than that of AS group[ (42.73 ± 5.22)%, (0.41 ± 0.17)N/ram, (0.77 ± 0.52)%, (28.43 ± 6.93)%, (0.80 ± 0.03)μm/d, (9.83 ± 1.44)μm/d × 100, (324.43±53.44)%/year and(48.35 ± 9.36)%/year, all P < 0.05)] . The %Tb.At, Oc.N, %Oc.Pm, %L.Pm, MAR, BFR/BS, BFR/BV and BFR/TV of ALS group [(51.14 ± 6.22)%, (0.49 ±0.61)N/mm, (1.17 ± 0.11)%, (45.06 ± 6.92)%, (1.39 ± 0.08)μm/d, (12.87 ± 1.35)μm/d × 100, (394.6 ±50.23)%/year and(66.31 ± 18.93)%/year] were higher than that of AS group(P < 0.05) .[3] The Ob.PM ,Oc.N and %Oc.Pm of CLHS group[ (1.47 ± 0.27)μm, (0.58 ± 0.13)N/mm, (1.14 ± 0.07)%] were obviously increased(P <0.05), as compared with NS group [ (0.82 ± 1.20)μm, (0.42 ± 0.25)N/mm and (0.75 ± 0.64)%, all P < 0.05].Conclusions The short-term administration of NaF on rats in the growing period increases the bone formation and osteoblast activities of young rats and adult rats. The long-term administration of NaF on rats does not increase the bone formation of rats in growth period. The osteoblast activities as well as the bone absorption of lumbar vertebra were strengthened. The likelihood of bone fracture became larger. The negative effects on bone metabolism and bone quality of rats were gradually displayed along with the prolongation of sodium fluoride usage.

Female ; Humans ; Interferon-alpha ; administration & dosage ; Lymphomatoid Papulosis ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Mechlorethamine ; administration & dosage ; Middle Aged ; Recombinant Proteins ; administration & dosage ; Solutions

In order to study the relationship between the expression of glutathione S-transferase (GST) in leukemic cells and the chemoresistance in patients with acute leukemia, the expressions of GST activity and GST mRNA were measured according to spectrophotometric assay based on the use of 1-choloro-2, 4-dinitro benzene and in situ hybridization. The results were studied in correlation with some clinical and pathological data. Results showed that: 1. There is no significant differences between activities of the enzyme with the different leukemia types according to the FAB classification. 2. GST activity and GST mRNA expression in the patients, both untreated and relapse, were (4.5 +/- 1.0) U, 33.3% and (7.9 +/- 15) U, 66.3% respectively. 3. In 56 patients, GST activity was 1.7 +/- 0.7, 5.9 +/- 2.0 and 9.3 +/- 1.7 U and GST mRNA expression was 13.3%, 29.7% and 76.6%, respectively, in CR, PR and NR groups. The lowest values of GST activity and GST mRNA expression were observed in those patients who achieved complete remission. The highest values of GST activity and GST mRNA expression were observed in those patients with no response to treatment. It was concluded that the expression of GST in patients with acute leukemia is closely related to the chemosensitivities clinically. Determinations of GST activity and GST mRNA are useful for predicting the chemosensitivities and the prognosis of the disease.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Glutathione Transferase ; genetics ; metabolism ; Humans ; Isoenzymes ; genetics ; metabolism ; K562 Cells ; Leukemia ; drug therapy ; enzymology ; genetics ; Leukemia, Lymphoid ; drug therapy ; enzymology ; genetics ; Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute ; drug therapy ; enzymology ; genetics ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; drug therapy ; enzymology ; genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; enzymology ; genetics ; pathology ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of melatonin(Mel) on the proliferation, apoptosis and expression of bcl-2 in oxidized low-density lipoprotein(ox-LDL)-induced endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) from human umbilical cord blood in vitro. METHODS: Total mononuclear cells were isolated from human umbilical cord blood in vitro by Ficoll density gradient centrifugation, and the cells were plated on fibronectin-coated culture dishes. After 7 days, the attached cells were divided into 7 groups: a control group (normal cells), 3 ox-LDL groups[the attached cells were incubated with different concentrations of ox-LDL(5,10,and 20mg/L) for 24 hours], and 3 Mel groups[the attached cells were incubated with different concentrations of Mel (0.5,1.0, and 2.0 mmol/L) respectively for 24 hours before incubation with 10 mg/L ox-LDL]. EPC was identified by examining the expression of CD34, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2(VEGFR-2) and CD133 under a laser scanning confocal microscope. We used 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay to detect the effect of Mel and ox-LDL on the multiplication ability of EPC. Flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptosis. The expressions of Bcl-2 mRNA and protein were detected respectively by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry technology. RESULTS: After being exposed to the ox-LDL, the proliferation of EPC in the 3 ox-LDL groups was lower, and the apoptosis rate was higher than that in the control group in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.01); Mel was added at different concentrations before the ox-LDL incubation, and the cells in the 3 Mel groups showed higher proliferation and lower apoptosis rate than those of the 3 ox-LDL groups (P<0.01). Expression of Bcl-2 mRNA and protein of EPC in the 3 Mel groups was higher than that in the 3 ox-LDL groups (P<0.01). CONCLUSION Ox-LDL can inhibit the proliferation of EPC and promote the apoptosis of the cells by down-regulating the bcl-2 expression. Mel can inhibit these effects of ox-LDL.
Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; Humans ; Lipoproteins, LDL ; adverse effects ; Melatonin ; pharmacology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; Stem Cells ; cytology ; drug effects

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the culture of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) from peripheral blood in patients with coronary heart diseases (CHD) before and after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and to observe the cells shape and determine the cell number and proliferation activity. METHODS: Ninety-five patients were divided into a CHD group(n=65) and a control group (n=30). The mononuclear cells were isolated from peripheral blood of patients with CHD before, right after and 4 days after PCI by Ficoll-density centrifugation. The isolated cells were cultured in RPMI1640 medium supplemented with VEGF165 and bFGF.EPCs were characterized as adherent cells of double positive for DiL-acLDL uptake and FITC-UEA-I binding by direct fluorescent staining under a fluorescence microscope. The EPCs specific surface mark CD34 and KDR were assessed by fluorescence activated cell sorter analysis. The cell shapes were analysed and the number of colony-forming units(CFU) was counted by phase-contrast microscope. RESULTS: The number of EPCs reduced in patients with CHD before the PCI, but the cell number was significantly increased in patients with CHD after the PCI, and the number reduced in patients with CHD 4 days after the PCI. How-ever, the number of CFUs did not change in patients before and after the PCI. CONCLUSION PCI can increase endothelial progenitor cells in patients after the PCI; but 4 days after the PCI, this increase will not exist.
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; Cell Adhesion ; Cell Count ; Cell Movement ; Cells, Cultured ; Coronary Disease ; blood ; therapy ; Endothelial Cells ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Stem Cells ; pathology

This study was purposed to analyse the immunophenotypic characteristics of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML), myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and acute monocytic leukemia (AML-M5b) by using multiparameter flow cytometry, and to explore its significance in diagnosis and differential diagnosis. The immunophenotypic characteristics of bone marrow samples from 14 CMML patients, 48 MDS patients, 46 AML-M5b patients and 18 normal persons were analyzed and compared by multiparametric flow cytometry. The results showed that the ratio of monocytes in CMML patients was obviously higher than that in MDS, AML-M5b patients and normal persons (P < 0.05), but there was no statistically significant difference between bone marrow samples of MDS and AML-M5b patients as well as normal persons. The ratio of blast cells in MDS patients was obviously higher than that in normal persons (P < 0.05), but did not show significant difference as compared with CMML patients. The ratio of mature granulocytes in AML-M5b patients was obviously lower than that in CMML and MDS patients as well as normal person bone marrow (P < 0.05). Certain differences of CD45/SSC characteristics in MDS, AML-M5b and CMML patients were found in comparison with normal persons. The abnormal expression of CD2, CD56, and CD14 tailing phenomenon were observed in CMML patients in comparison with bone marrow samples of MDS, AML-M5b and normal persons (P < 0.05). Lack and decrease of CD15 expression in MDS and CMML patients was significant different from AML-M5b and normal persons marrow, abnormal expression rate of CD15 in CMML patients was higher than that in MDS patients (P < 0.05), the CD13/CD11b/CD16 abnormal expression of granulocytes was seen in both CMML and MDS patients, but there was no statistically significant difference between them. Other antigens showed abnormality of varying degrees, but did not have any statistical significance. It is concluded that MDS, CMML and AML-M5b displayed a certain degree of similarity, and also possess their own immunophenotype characteristics. Comprehensive analysis of immunophenotype by multiparameter flow cytometry may be important for differential diagnosis among CMML, MDS and AML-M5b. High percentage of monocytes, abnormal coexpression of CD2, CD56 and CD14 tailing phenomenon, lack or decrease of CD15 as well as abnormal expression of CD13/CD11b/CD16 in granulocytes may play important roles in diagnosis of CMML.
Case-Control Studies ; Flow Cytometry ; methods ; Humans ; Immunophenotyping ; methods ; Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute ; diagnosis ; immunology ; Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Chronic ; diagnosis ; immunology ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes ; diagnosis ; immunology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical features of invasive pulmonary fungal infections (IPFIs) after biliary atresia (BA) surgery and related risk factors.

METHODSA retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 49 children with IPFIs after BA surgery, including clinical features, lung imaging findings, and pathogenic features. The risk factors for IPFIs after BA surgery were also analyzed.

RESULTSThe most common pathogens of IPFIs after BA surgery was Candida albicans (17 strains, 45%), followed by Candida tropicalis (7 strains, 18%), Aspergillus (6 strains, 16%), Candida krusei (3 strains, 8%), Candida glabrata (3 strains, 8%), and Candida parapsilosis (2 strains, 5%). Major clinical manifestations included pyrexia, cough, and shortness of breath, as well as dyspnea in severe cases; the incidence rate of shortness of breath reached 78%, and 35% of all children had no obvious rale. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age at the time of surgery, time of glucocorticoid application, cumulative time of the application of broad-spectrum antibiotics, and recurrent cholangitis were major risk factors for IPFIs after BA surgery.

CONCLUSIONSThe three most common pathogens of IPFIs after BA surgery are Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, and Aspergillus. It is important to perform surgery as early as possible, avoid recurrent cholangitis, and shorten the course of the treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics and glucocorticoids for decreasing the risk of IPFIs.

OBJECTIVETo measure the strength of lingual component force on first molar while retraction canine by 150 g tractive force with different sizes of arch wire and with different widths of molar offset on the wire.

METHODSWires with different sizes and different materials [0.40 mm and 0.45 mm stainless round wires, 0.40 mm and 0.45 mm Australia wires, 0.41 mm x 0.56 mm (0.016 x 0.022 inch) and 0.46 mm x 0.63 mm (0.017 x 0.025 inch) rectangular stainless wires] were ligated in ideal arch Typodont when the canine was retracted with 150 g force in the direction from the molar buccal hook to the central point of canine bracket's distal wing under different widths of molar offset (1 mm, 2mm, 3mm). the lingual force applied on the first molar was measured by a self-made dynamometer.

RESULTS1. There is lingual component force applied to the first molar while retracting canine with 150 g tractive force. 2. the bigger the cross section area of the wire and the stronger the rigidity of the wire, the smaller the lingual component force turns. The ability of the wire in deducting the lingual component force is in direct ratio with the cross section area and the rigidity of the wire. 3. While the width of wire offset increases, the lingual force produced by the tractive force applied to the first molar decreases lineally.

CONCLUSIONThere is lingual force produced on the anchorage molar when retracting canine. In clinic for avoiding the lingual movement of the first molar, increasing the size of wire or increasing the width of wire offset is suggested.