ObjectiveTo explore the effect of constraint-induced movement therapy on hemiplegia in children.Methods30 hemiplegia children caused by cerebral palsy or trauma were divided into 2 groups.Treatment group accepts the Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy (CIMT) combined with Bobath approach. The control group accepts the Baboth approach only. Before after 12-week treatment, Ueda Test and the Brunnstrom's test were used to classify every stage of the recovery. ResultsBoth groups improved their motor function assessed either with Ueda Test or Brunnstrom's test, which was better in treatment group than in control group.ConclusionThe CIMT with Bobath approach together can remarkably raise the rate of utilization of the hemiplegia suffering limbs as well as improve the learned non-use of the suffering parts.

Post-stroke depression(PSD) is one of the most common complications after stroke,and seriously influenced the quality of life of hemiplegic patients.The article would review the associated factors and mechanism of PSD.

BACKGROUNDDelirium is a common and deleterious complication in critically ill patients after surgery. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence and risk factors of delirium in critically ill patients after non-cardiac surgery, and to investigate the relationship between the serum cortisol level and the occurrence of postoperative delirium.

METHODSIn a prospective cohort study, 164 consecutive patients who were admitted to the surgical intensive care unit after non-cardiac surgery were enrolled. Baseline characteristics and perioperative variables were collected. Blood samples were obtained on the first postoperative day and serum cortisol concentrations were measured. Delirium was assessed using the Nursing Delirium Screening Scale until the seventh postoperative day or the disappearance of delirious symptoms.

RESULTSPostoperative delirium occurred in 44.5% of patients (73 of 164). The median time to first onset of delirium is 0 (range 0 to 5 days) and the median duration of delirium is 3 (1 to 13) days. Independent risk factors of postoperative delirium included increasing age (odds ratio (OR) 2.646, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.431 to 4.890, P = 0.002), a history of previous stroke (OR 4.499, 95%CI 1.228 to 16.481, P = 0.023), high Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score on surgical intensive care unite admission (OR 1.391, 95%CI 1.201 to 1.612, P < 0.001), and high serum cortisol level on the 1st postoperative day (OR 3.381, 95%CI 1.690 to 6.765, P = 0.001). The development of delirium was linked to higher incidence of postoperative complications (28.8% vs. 7.7%, P < 0.001), and longer duration of hospitalization (18 (7 to 74) days vs. 13 (3 to 48) days, P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONSDelirium was a frequent complication in critically ill patients after non-cardiac surgery. High serum cortisol level was associated with increased incidence of postoperative delirium.

Aged ; Critical Illness ; Delirium ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVETo obtain DNA aptamers with a highly specific affinity to HIV gp41 antigen using SELEX screening for detection of HIV.

METHODSThe specific DNA aptamers of HIV gp41 antigen were screened from the double-stranded DNA derived from the single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) library with agarose beads as the supportive medium and HIV gp41 antigen as the target molecule using SELEX technique and real-time quantitative PCR.

RESULTSThe secondary ssDNA library obtained after 6 rounds of screening was amplified by PCR to obtain dsDNA. The dsDNA was linked with pMD18-T vector, cloned and sequenced to obtain 4 aptamers of HIV gp41 antigen. The affinities of the 4 aptamers (K) all reached the nanomolar level. Among the 4 aptamers, the No.15 aptamer showed the strongest affinity. Specificity analysis of the aptamers revealed that all these 4 aptamers had specific affinity to HIV gp41 antigen with no affinity to other non-specific proteins.

CONCLUSIONWe successfully obtained DNA aptamers with highly specific affinity to the HIV gp41 antigen from random single-stranded oligonucleotide library, and the obtained aptamers have the ability to antagonize HIV gp41 antigen.

This study was aimed to investigate the relation of glutathione S-transferase pI (GSTP1) and cytochrome P450 enzyme 2E1 (CYP2E1) gene polymorphisms with the susceptibility to acute leukemia (AL) in Chinese population. The GSFP1 and CTP2E1 gene polymorphisms in 150 patients with AL and 150 patients with non-hematological diseases or non-tumor as controls were detected by means of case-control paired 1:1 method and ligase detection reaction (LDR) techniques. The results indicated that the frequently of G allele and Ile/Val + Val/Val of GSTP1 gene (26.7%and 44% respectively) in AL group were higher than those in control group (10% and 16% respectively); the AL risk for persons with Ile/Val + Val/Val was 3.260-fold (95%CI = 1.527 - 5.236) of persons with Ile/Ile. The further stratified analysis showed the frequency of Ile/Val + Val/Val in AML group was higher than that in control group (55% vs 16%, p < 0.05); the AML risk for persons with Ile/Val + Val/Val was 2.214-fold (95% CI = 1.009-3.260) as persons with Ile/Ile. The frequencies of C2 allele (16.7%) and C1C2/C2C2 of CYP2E1 gene (30%) in AL group seemed higher than those in control groups (13.9% and 26%), but the difference between them was not statistical significant (p > 0.05). The further stratified analysis showed that C1C2/C2C2 of CYP2E1 gene occurred more frequently in AML group (36%) than that in control group (32%), but there was no statistical difference between them (p > 0.05). Combined genotype analysis showed that the AML risk for persons in combination of lle/Val + Val/Val of GSTP1 gene with C1C2 + C2C2 of CYP2E1 gene increased by 3.208-fold. It is concluded that the GSTP1 gene is related with susceptibility to AML, the AL risk for persons with lle/Val + Val/Val of GSTP1 gene decreased, while CYP2E1 gene is not related with susceptibility to AL, the AML risk for persons in combination of GSTP1 wildtype with CYP2E1 hybrid and mutant genotype can be further decreased.
Acute Disease ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1 ; genetics ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; Glutathione S-Transferase pi ; genetics ; Humans ; Leukemia ; genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of the gene polymorphisms of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and NAD (P) H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) with the susceptibility to acute leukemia (AL) in Chinese Gansu population. A 1:1 paired case-control study of 150 patients with acute leukemia and 150 cancer-free inpatients as a control was conducted to detect the polymorphisms of MPO and NQO1 by LDR techniques. The results showed that the MPO-463A genotype frequency in patient group was lower than that in control group, and there was significant difference of MPO (G-463A) genotype between patient group and control group (χ(2) = 11.828, P < 0.05, OR = 0.368, 95%CI = 0.205 - 0.610). The NQO1-609T genotype frequency in patient group was higher than that in control group, and there was significant difference of NQO1 (C-609T) genotype between patient group and control group (χ(2) = 17.931, P < 0.05, OR = 1.428, 95%CI = 1.237 - 3.339). The combined gene analysis showed that the AML risk in patients carrying the wild genotypes of MPO and NQO1 was dropped to 33.6%. It is concluded that the MPO and NQO1 gene polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to AL. The AL risk may decrease in patients carrying MPO (G-463A) mutant gene (GA/AA), while the AL risk may increase in patients carrying NQO1 (C-609T) mutant gene (TC/TT). The combined effect of MPO and NQO1 wild genotypes may further decrease AL risk.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; Humans ; Leukemia ; genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone) ; genetics ; Peroxidase ; genetics ; Young Adult

This study was aimed to explore the relationship between gene polymorphisms of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and the susceptibility of acute leukemia in Chinese Gansu population. G463A mutation of mpo gene was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-ligase detection reaction (PCR-LDR) in 100 normal individuals (control group) and 100 patients with acute leukemia (AL group). The results showed that the a allele genotype and ga/aa genotype of mpo gene occurred more frequently in control group (28% and 54%) than those in AL group (19% and 31%) (p < 0.05). The AL risk for controls was decreased by 0.383-fold, compared with the individuals with gg genotype (95%CI = 0.215 - 0.682, p < 0.01). By further stratified analysis, the ga/aa genotype of mpo gene occurred more frequently in control group (54%) than those in AML group (28.2%) (p < 0.01). AML risk (95%CI = 0.157 - 0.546, p < 0.01) in the controls was decreased by 0.346-fold compared with the individual with gg genotype, however, the acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) showed no significant difference from control group in the incidence of the allele a genotype and ga/aa genotype of mpo gene. It is concluded that mpo gene polymorphism is associated with susceptibility of acute myeloid leukemia in Chinese Gansu population. The risk of AML decreases in the persons carrying a allele, but mpo gene polymorphism is not associated with susceptibility of acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Alleles ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Peroxidase ; genetics ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; genetics ; Risk Factors ; Young Adult

BACKGROUNDThe prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection varies by geographic locations. Studies indicate that the infection rate of H. pylori was previously high in China but that rates had been declining worldwide over recent decades.

THE AIMS OF OUR STUDY WERE(1) to determine the current prevalence of H. pylori infection among children and adults residing in areas with high (Muping County, Shandong) and low (Yanqing County, Beijing) incidences of gastric cancer in China, and (2) to compare the prevalence for 2006 with the prevalence for the early 1990s.

METHODSUsing Warthin-Starry silver staining of gastric mucosal biopsy specimens and H. pylori stool antigen tests (HpSA), we tested a total of 2065 asymptomatic children aged 8 - 15 years and adults aged 40 - 79 years in the above two regions from May to July 2006. We evaluated 520 children and 526 adults from Muping, and 516 children and 503 adults from Yanqing. Subjects were selected randomly and H. pylori status was determined by HpSA in children and either HpSA or histology of gastric biopsies in adults. Data obtained in the early 1990s in the same two areas of China were also collected and studied.

RESULTSFor children, the prevalence of H. pylori infection was significantly higher in Muping (37.69%) than it was in Yanqing (25.58%, P < 0.001). In both regions, the prevalence of H. pylori increased with age but was not related to gender. A significant difference was observed between 8 - 9-years old and 10 - 11-years old (P < 0.05), but not between other adjoining age groups (P > 0.05). From 1991 to 2006 H. pylori prevalence among 8 - 10-year-old children decreased in Muping (60.00% vs 32.07%, P < 0.001), but not Yanqing (24.06% vs 19.10%, P > 0.05). In the adult group, H. pylori prevalence was 50.95% in Muping, which was significantly higher than the 41.35% positive rate in Yanqing (P < 0.01). But there were no statistically significant differences between different age groups of 40 - 49, 50 - 59, and 60 - 79 years, or between males and females. A significant decrease in H. pylori prevalence in both regions was observed when the results of 2006 were compared with the data obtained in 1990 in Muping (50.95% vs 73.78%, P < 0.001) and in 1992 in Yanqing (41.35% vs 55.35%, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSAfter fifteen years, the prevalence of H. pylori infection among both children and adults remained significantly higher in areas with a high incidence of gastric cancer in China compared with that in areas with a low incidence of gastric cancer. H. pylori infection rates have decreased in the general Chinese population during recent years.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Distribution ; Aged ; Antigens, Bacterial ; Child ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Helicobacter Infections ; epidemiology ; immunology ; Helicobacter pylori ; immunology ; physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Stomach Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; immunology ; microbiology

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Area Under Curve ; Esophagitis, Peptic ; diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; ROC Curve ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Tumor immune microenvironment is an important microecology for tumor development, where tumor-associated macrophages are the most abundant immune cells in the tumor immune microenvironment, with high plasticity and heterogeneity. Under the regulation of various environmental factors, tumor-associated macrophages can differentiate into different subgroups. Though complex and variable, all these environmental factors ultimately regulate tumor-associated macrophages by influencing the temporal and spatial heterogeneity of these cells’ internal components, structure, and functions. Mitochondrion are important organelles, responsible for energy production, metabolism, and centers of multiple signal transduction. More and more studies have found that mitochondria can regulate cell functions through various mechanisms such as morphological change, metabolic reprogramming, intermediate metabolites or mitochondrial genetic material. Mitochondrial disorders are involved in many diseases and pathological processes. Here, we review the mechanisms by which mitochondria regulate the polarization of macrophages and thus reshape the tumor immune microenvironment. Further, we discuss and prospect the current status of macrophage mitochondria-related tumor immunotherapy.