Aconitine ; poisoning ; Aconitum ; chemistry ; poisoning ; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ; Charcoal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Hemoperfusion ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Poisoning ; drug therapy

Antigens ; analysis ; Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia ; metabolism ; Citric Acid ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 ; analysis ; Edetic Acid ; Formaldehyde ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Immunohistochemistry ; Intestinal Mucosa ; immunology ; Ki-67 Antigen ; analysis ; Microwaves ; Palatine Tonsil ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-6 ; analysis

Objective To evaluate 99tcm-DTPA nuclear dynamic imaging in distinguishing the renal occupied disease.Methods A total of 164 in-patients with renal occupied disease who underwent surgery were included.According to the pathological diagnosis,119 patients had malignant tumors,and 45 patients had benign diseases.All patients’ imaging was retrospectively analyzed.Application of 99Tcm-DTPA nuclear dynamic imaging in renal occupied disease was compared with ultrasonography (US),computed tomography (CT),magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),intravenous pyelogram (IVP),and positron emission tomography (PET)-CT.Results The accuracy rates of different imaging methods in distinguishing between renal malignant and benign disease were 99Tcm-DTPA (84 ％,45 ％),US (72 ％,64 ％),CT ( 91％,92 ％),MRI (50 ％,67 ％),IVP (50 ％, 17 ％), respectively.The diagnostic accuracy rate of PET-CT for malignant tumors was 67 ％.The accuracy rates of 99Tcm-DTPA in distinguishing different phases of renal cell carcinoma were statistically significant (x 2 =83.4, P ＜ 0.01), while the accuracy rates in distinguishing renal cyst from renal angiomyolipoma were not statistically different.With the greater diameter, the diagnostic accordance rate is higher (x 2 =16.05,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion 99Tcm-DTPA could be used not only to evaluate the renal function quantificationally,but also be helpful to distinguish renal malignant tumor from benign disease.

Objective To study the peripheral neutrophils activation mesenteric lymph in a murine hemorrhagic shock model.Methods In this study,18 male Sprague-Dawley rats were evenly divided into 3 groups.Group A:rats subjected to hemorrhagic-shock and Ringer's lactate(RL)resuscitation,group B:rats suffered from no blood loss but received same amount of RL as in group A,and group C:rats experience no blood loss nor RL transfusion.The main mesenteric lymphatic duct was cannulated with 24G catheter in all rats.In group A,blood was withdrawn through femoral artery until mean arterial pressure reached 40?5 mm Hg,the pressure was maintained for 90 min.In group B,no blood was withdrawn,these two groups received RL 3 times as the blood withdrawn,in group C,no blood was withdrawn,nor fluid was given.Lymph samples during pre-shock,the first hour and second hour post-shock or sham shock were collected and was used to induce PMN activation.Mesenteric lymph-induced rat PMN(polymorphonuclear neutrophil)adhesion molecule expression(CD18 and CD11b)and neutrophil respiratory burst activity was examined using a FACS flow cytometer.Results In group A,1st hour and 2 nd hour post-shock mesenteric lymph induced rat PMN activation,the expression of CD11b was 63.28?1.13%,61.23? 1.16%,respectively,compared with control(P

Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde ; Duodenum ; surgery ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies

The cis and trans isomers separation of 2-butene-1,4-diol and lafutidine were studied by HPLC on two kinds of chiral columns: (S,S)-Whelk-O 1 and ChiraSpher. The isomers of 2-butene-1,4-diol can be separated on both chiral columns while the isomers of lafutidine can only be resolved on ChiraSpher column. The influence of different type and amount of mobile phase modifier on the isomers separation was extensively studied. The resolution of cis and trans isomers of 2-butene-1,4-diol was 2.61 on (S,S)-Whelk-O 1 column with hexane-ethanol (97:3, v/v) as the mobile phase. The resolution of lafutidine was 1.89 on ChiraSpher column with hexane-ethanol-THF-diethylamine (92:3:5:0.1, v/v/v/v) as the mobile phase. LC-MS methods were developed to identify the isomer peaks.
Acetamides ; analysis ; chemistry ; Butylene Glycols ; analysis ; chemistry ; Chemical Fractionation ; methods ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Isomerism ; Mass Spectrometry ; methods ; Piperidines ; analysis ; chemistry ; Pyridines ; analysis ; chemistry

In order to understand the intracellular mechanism of preconditioning, we investigated the relationship among activities of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases (ERKs), the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor -1alpha (HIF-1alpha) and the effect of hypoxic preconditioning (HPC) on cell injury induced by hypoxia-reoxygenation in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes 24 h after brief hypoxia. Cultured cardiomyocytes of neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R), hypoxia preconditioning (HPC), hypoxia preconditioning + mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor PD98059 (HPC+PD98059), and control (C). We measured the survival rate and apoptosis rate of cardiomyocytes at 6 or 12 h after hypoxia/reoxygenation, activities of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases (ERKs), and expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha). We found that the survival rate of cardiomyocytes in hypoxic preconditioning group increased by 6.08% and 7.91% at 6 and 12 h after hypoxia/reoxygenation (n=6, P<0.05), respectively, and the apoptotic rate decreased by 10.92% and 14.34% (n=6, P<0.05) respectively. Hypoxic preconditioning increased the abundance of phospho-ERK1/2 by 3-folds and expression of HIF-1alpha by 1-fold in whole cell extracts from hypoxic preconditioned cardiomyocytes. PD98059, an inhibitor of the upstream kinase of ERKs, abolished the anti-injury effect, ERKs activation, and expression of HIF-1alpha induced by hypoxic preconditioning. Statistical analysis indicated that there was negative correlation between apoptotic rate and activities of ERKs or expression of HIF-1alpha, and positive correlation between activities of ERKs and expression of HIF-1alpha. It is concluded that hypoxic preconditioning protects cardiomyocytes from hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced injury and that upregulation of HIF-1alpha through ERKs pathway mediates the cardioprotection of hypoxic preconditioning.
Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Hypoxia ; Cell Survival ; Cells, Cultured ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; biosynthesis ; physiology ; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases ; metabolism ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit ; Ischemic Preconditioning, Myocardial ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; cytology ; pathology ; Nuclear Proteins ; biosynthesis ; physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Transcription Factors ; biosynthesis ; physiology

AIMTo establish an HPLC-fluorescent spectrometric method for the determination of mexiletine hydrochloride in plasma after derivatization with fluram.

METHODSFluram acetone solution was added to the deproteinized plasma with acetone to obtain the derivative of mexiletine. The HPLC method was performed on a column of Allitima C18 (150 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 microns) with the mobile phase of methanol-water-diethylamine-phosphoric acid buffer (2.4 mol.L-1, pH 4.0) (70:28:2), and the detective wavelength were set at Ex 392 nm and Em 480 nm.

RESULTSMexiletine has a liner range over the concentration range from 0.100-6.400 mg.L-1. The lowest detectable concentration of this method was 5 micrograms.L-1 (S/N > or = 4). The intra-day and inter-day RSDs were 1.34%-5.31%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONThis method is simple, selective and can be used for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) and pharmacokinetic studies of mexiletine.

Anti-Arrhythmia Agents ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Fluorescamine ; chemistry ; Humans ; Mexiletine ; blood ; pharmacokinetics

The study was aimed to investigate the changes of T-cell subgroups in the peripheral blood (PB) of patients with aplastic anemia (AA) and the relationships between these changes and the pathogenesis of AA and the immunosuppressive therapeutic effects in AA, in order to provide a basis for selecting rational therapy of AA patients. T-cell subtype and the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ cell in the PB of 88 AA patients which had been diagnosed clearly and given conventional therapy or conventional therapy combined with immunotherapy were analyzed by tri-colour fluorescence-labeled monoclonal antibody and using multiparameter flow cytometry. The patients with AA were divided into normal type of ratio, inverted type of ratio, hypernormal type of ratio according to the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ cell in normal group, and then the relations of these subtype with patients' conditions and therapeutic effects were investigated. The results showed that the percentage of normal type of ratio in all patients was 39.8%, the percentage of inverted type of ratio in all patients was 44.3%, The percentage of hypernormal type of ratio in all patients was 15.9%. In the conventional therapy alone, there was no significant difference on therapeutic effects among these three immunological subtypes. In combined immunotherapy, total therapeutic efficacy of AA patients with inverted type of ratio and AA patients with immunologic abnormality (inverted type + hypernormal type) was 84.2% and 82.6% respectively, which were more than that in conventional therapy (45.5% and 42.8%) (p < 0.05). Total therapeutic efficacy in these patients was better than that in AA patients with normal type. It is concluded that significant abnormal ratios of CD4+/CD8+ exist in the majority of AA patients, abnormal ratios of CD4+/CD8+ both may be showed as increase or decrease, immunologic abnormality may play a role in pathogenesis of the patients with AA. The detection of PB T-cell subtype in patients with aplastic anemia contributes to evaluation of patients' condition and choice of rational treatment prescription, and enhancement of diagnostic level and therapeutic efficacy significantly, which is an important indicator for therapeutic strategy also.
Adult ; Anemia, Aplastic ; immunology ; CD4-CD8 Ratio ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets ; cytology ; immunology ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo study the metabolic chemistry and pharmaco-dynamics characters of ligan from seeds of Arctium lappa.

METHODHPLC method was used in the study. The analysis was carried out on C18 column. The mobile phase was CH3CN-0.05% H3PO4 (36:64) with flow-rate at 0.6 mL x min(-1) and wave-length of 210 nm. The column temperature was kept at 25 degrees C.

RESULTThe results indicated that the ligan was detected in plasma and the main organs 5 min after po. The main metabolic production in plasma was arctigenin. In addition, arctigenin and an unknown product were found in metabolic production in the organs.

CONCLUSIONThe method was stable,simple and reproducible. It can be used to determine the metabolic product of the ligan. The metabolic chemistry of ligan in plasma was obviously different from that in the main organs.

Animals ; Arctium ; chemistry ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Furans ; blood ; metabolism ; Glucosides ; blood ; metabolism ; Lignans ; blood ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; pharmacokinetics ; Liver ; metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Reproducibility of Results ; Seeds ; chemistry ; Tissue Distribution