Adenosine Triphosphatases ; metabolism ; Animals ; Antioxidants ; metabolism ; Muscle, Skeletal ; drug effects ; enzymology ; Rats ; Sulfinic Acids ; pharmacology

In order to study the relationship between the expression of glutathione S-transferase (GST) in leukemic cells and the chemoresistance in patients with acute leukemia, the expressions of GST activity and GST mRNA were measured according to spectrophotometric assay based on the use of 1-choloro-2, 4-dinitro benzene and in situ hybridization. The results were studied in correlation with some clinical and pathological data. Results showed that: 1. There is no significant differences between activities of the enzyme with the different leukemia types according to the FAB classification. 2. GST activity and GST mRNA expression in the patients, both untreated and relapse, were (4.5 +/- 1.0) U, 33.3% and (7.9 +/- 15) U, 66.3% respectively. 3. In 56 patients, GST activity was 1.7 +/- 0.7, 5.9 +/- 2.0 and 9.3 +/- 1.7 U and GST mRNA expression was 13.3%, 29.7% and 76.6%, respectively, in CR, PR and NR groups. The lowest values of GST activity and GST mRNA expression were observed in those patients who achieved complete remission. The highest values of GST activity and GST mRNA expression were observed in those patients with no response to treatment. It was concluded that the expression of GST in patients with acute leukemia is closely related to the chemosensitivities clinically. Determinations of GST activity and GST mRNA are useful for predicting the chemosensitivities and the prognosis of the disease.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Glutathione Transferase ; genetics ; metabolism ; Humans ; Isoenzymes ; genetics ; metabolism ; K562 Cells ; Leukemia ; drug therapy ; enzymology ; genetics ; Leukemia, Lymphoid ; drug therapy ; enzymology ; genetics ; Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute ; drug therapy ; enzymology ; genetics ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; drug therapy ; enzymology ; genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; enzymology ; genetics ; pathology ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism

ObjectiveTo investigate the iodine nutritional status of pregnant women,newborn heel blood thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH) level and their relationship with urinary iodine(UI) level during pregnancy in Zhoupu and Kangqiao districts of Pudong New Area of Shanghai.Methods A total of 993 urinary samples(the first,second and third trimesters of pregnancy were 200 people,respectively),breast feeding(193 people) and non-pregnant women (200 people) in Zhoupu and Kangqiao districts of Pudong New area were collected from Apr 2009 to Dec 2010.Two hundred copies of neonatal heel blood samples were collected.Median of UI was measured by arsenic-cerium catalysis.TSH in neonatal heel blood was analyzed 72 h after birth by time resolved fluoroisnmunoassay(TRFIA).ResultsMedian UI of all pregnant women was 161.35 μg/L,and that in third trimesters of pregnancy( 126.35 μg/L) was lower than that of the first,the second,the breast feeding and non-pregnant women (178.80,180.50,167.90,163.40 μg/L,all P＜ 0.05).The percentage of UI level less than 150 μg/L in the third trimester[57.5％(115/200) ] was higher than that of the first[39.0％(78/200) ],the second[39.5％(79/200) ],the breast feeding [ 16.6％ (32/193) ] and non-pregnant women [ 23.0％ (46/200) ],respectively (all P ＜ 0.05).The percentage of UI level higher than 300 μg/L in the first [9.0％(18/200)],the second[8.0％(16/200) ] and the third trimester [ 5.0％ ( 10/200 ) ] of pregnancy was lower than that of the breast feeding [ 20.2％ (39/193) ] and nonpregnant [20.5％(41/200) ] women,respectively(all P ＜ 0.05).The level of neonatal heel blood TSH was(2.92 ± 1.83)mU/L,the range was 0.01 - 9.76 mU/L,11.0％(22/200) of the neonates heel blood TSH level(5 mU/L)exceeded the ratio of World Health Organization (WHO) standard ( ＜ 3％ ) suitable for iodine nutrition.Conclusions The overall level of iodine nutrition among pregnant women in Zhoupu and Kangqiao districts of Pudong New Area of Shanghai is in the appropriate range,but the pregnant women in the third trimester is in mild iodine deficiencies,and the neonates in these districts may be prone to iodine deficiency.Monitoring of iodine nutrition of pregnant women should be strengthened and iodine supplementation should be done scientifically.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the ability of pleth variability index (PVI) in predicting fluid responsiveness in mechanically ventilated patients under general anesthesia.

METHODSFrom August to November 2009, 25 patients were enclosed in this study following anesthesia induction. PVI was continuously displayed by the Masimo Radical 7. All patients were also monitored with Vigileo/FloTrac system. Haemodynamic data such as cardiac index (CI), stroke volume variability (SVV), mean arterial pressure, heart rate, central venous pressure, PVI, perfusion index were recorded before and after volume expansion (hetastar 6%, 7 ml/kg). Fluid responsiveness was defined as an increase in CI ≥ 15% (ΔCI ≥ 15).

RESULTSSVV and PVI were significantly higher in the responders (16.0% ± 2.6% and 20.5% ± 3.7%) than those in non-responders (11.6% ± 1.4% and 13.8% ± 2.6%) respectively (P < 0.05). The SVV threshold of 13.5% before volume expansion was able to discriminate the responders from the non-responders with a sensitivity of 88.2% and a specificity of 87.5%. The threshold for PVI was 15.5%, the same sensitivity of 88.2% and specificity of 87.5% were obtained. There was a significant relationship between PVI before volume expansion and change in CI after volume expansion (r = 0.683, P < 0.01), the same as the changes of SVV (r = 0.600, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONPVI as a new dynamic indices can predict fluid responsiveness non-invasively in mechanically ventilated patients during general anesthesia.

Abdomen ; surgery ; Adult ; Aged ; Anesthesia, General ; Female ; Fluid Therapy ; Hemodynamics ; physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Monitoring, Intraoperative ; Respiration, Artificial

OBJECTIVESeizure is a common emergency in children with complicated pathogeny. Seizures are usually caused by complicated etiology and fever and febrile seizure are the commonest causes. Repeated and permanent seizures can damage the brain. So it is important to take active and effective measures to control seizure and high fever. Because most seizures and fever take place at home or out of hospital and it is difficult to administer drugs intravenously, it is important to explore an easy, safe, quick and effective way to control and prevent both seizure and fever. The present study aimed to explore the efficacy and safety of rectal administration of mixed ibuprofen and diazepam (IBU-DZP) solution.

METHODS(1) Animal study on the pharmacokinetics in rabbits and pharmacodynamics in rats after rectal administration with the mixed solution and on the irritability of the mixed solution to rectum. (2) Clinical study: Pharmacokinetics of the mixed solution in children after rectal administration were investigated.

RESULTS(1) Animal study: IBU and DZP were both rapidly absorbed from rectum with a peak blood level of (11.7 +/- 1.2) min and (9.4 +/- 2.7) min in rabbits, respectively. The mixed solution could effectively prevent the severity of seizures induced by pentetrazole and significantly suppressed fever induced by yeast. There were no remarkable pathological changes in rectal tissues after repeated rectal administration of the mixed solution. (2) Clinical study: IBU and DZP rapidly reached their peak blood levels at about 30 min and 15 min respectively after rectal administration to the children. The peak values were (57.8 +/- 7.9) mg/L and (450.1 +/- 158.7) microg/L, respectively. In fact, both of them reached levels that were much higher than their therapeutic levels in serum just at 5 min after administration, their blood levels were (41.4 +/- 5.5) mg/L and (321.8 +/- 53.9) microg/L, respectively.

CONCLUSIONSIBU-DZP mixed solution administered rectally is an easy, safe, quick and effective way to control and prevent both seizure and fever.

Administration, Rectal ; Animals ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Diazepam ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Humans ; Ibuprofen ; pharmacokinetics ; therapeutic use ; Infant ; Rabbits ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Seizures, Febrile ; drug therapy

OBJECTIVETo identify the fibrinogen (Fg) gene mutations in a Chinese pedigree of congenital afibrinogenemia.

METHODSThe plasma Fg activity and protein of the proband and his family members were detected. Genomic DNA was isolated from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells. All the exons and exon-intron boundaries of fibrinogen gene were amplified by PCR and sequenced thereafter.

RESULTSTwo mutations, 7972 del G in FGB and T2543A in FGG, were found in the proband.

CONCLUSIONSFGG2543 is a polymorphism site, which lead to the polymorphism of gamma144 I/K. The G deletion at base 7972 of FGB contributes to the frameshift mutation after amino acid 419, resulting in the truncated beta chain without the terminal 27 amino acids. The latter may contributes to the pathogenetic mechanisms in Chinese congenital afibrinogenemia patients. The G deletion at base 7972 of FGB is identified for the first time.

Adult ; Afibrinogenemia ; congenital ; genetics ; metabolism ; Base Sequence ; Blotting, Western ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Exons ; genetics ; Female ; Fibrinogen ; genetics ; Humans ; Introns ; genetics ; Male ; Mutation ; Pedigree ; Polymerase Chain Reaction

OBJECTIVEAim of this study was to investigate functions of lower esophageal sphincter (LES) barrier and esophageal clearance in fasting and postprandial stages in gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).

METHODSEight patients with confirmed GERD and 8 healthy subjects (HS) were observed in the study. The esophageal pH and manometry were recorded simultaneously for 1 h during fasting and 2 h after a meal (1,675 kJ) using pneumohydrolic capillary perfusion system.

RESULTS(1) The esophageal pH monitoring showed that median of percentage of pH < 4 at postprandial in HS and patients with GERD was 0.45% and 11.2%, respectively (P < 0.05). (2) Pressure of lower esophageal sphincter (LESP) significantly decreased after a test meal in GERD (P < 0.001) and in HS (P < 0.001). (3) The amplitude of post-LES relaxation related to swallow (post-LESRA) in GERD was much lower than in HS either during fasting or postprandial stage (P < 0.05). (4) The tension of crural diaphragm at resting (Dia-A0) in GERD was lower than in HS during fasting and postprandial stage(P < 0.05). (5) The tension of crural diaphragm at deep inspiration (dia-AM) in GERD and HS increased 3 or 4 times at pressure at gastroesophageal junction (GEJ). (6) The peristaltic amplitude of the distal esophagus in GERD were much lower than that in HS in both pre- and postprandial periods.

CONCLUSIONS(1) Impaired clearance of Post-LESRA and esophageal body, function of diaphragmatic crural play an important role in development of GERD. (2) The tension of crural diaphragm at deep inspiration can increase the pressure at GEJ.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Diaphragm ; physiopathology ; Esophagogastric Junction ; physiopathology ; Esophagus ; physiopathology ; Gastroesophageal Reflux ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Manometry ; Middle Aged ; Peristalsis

OBJECTIVETo compare the immediate effect of moxibustion on Yanglingquan (GB 34) on body surface thermograph between the patients with myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) and healthy people.

METHODSThirty-five cases of MPS were selected in observation group and 15 cases of healthy people were in control group. ATIR-M301 medical infrared imaging device was used to observe the changes in body surface thermograph before and 15 min after moxibustion on Yanglingquan (GB 34) The qualitative analysis of picture pattern and the quantitative analysis of temperature were integrated to compare the differences between two groups.

RESULTSConcerning to the infrared thermograph expression on the back of MPS cases in observation group, the abnormal thermal zone presented in 88.6% of the cases, mostly distributed in the upper and secondly in the lower back. The spinal thermal line was broken or disappeared ine about 50% of cases. The location of pain complained by 71.4% of cases was coincident with the zone of infrared thermograph expression. There was statistical significant difference in the temperatures difference of the two sides in the upper abnormal thermal zone on the back in observation group as compared with control group (P < 0.001). Body surface thermograph on the back were impacted by moxibustion on Yanglingquan (GB 34) for either MPS patients or healthy people, especially in upper back and rhomboid fossa. Moxibustion on Yanglingquan (GB 34) increased much more apparently the temperature on the upper back in MPS patients as compared with healthy people (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONMoxibustion on Yanglingquan (GB34) brings the immediate improvements in the back thermograph for MPS patients.

Acupuncture Points ; Adult ; Aged ; Body Temperature ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Moxibustion ; Myofascial Pain Syndromes ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Thermography ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of Naoan tablets on brain hemodynamics and cerebral microcirculation of soft membrane.

METHODCerebral blood stream flux, resistance of blood vessels, blood pressure and heart rate were used as observation indexes in hemodynamics experiment. Artery caliber and the number of capillaries with recovered blood stream were used as observation indexes in microcirculation experiment.

RESULTNaoan tablets at dose of 0.5 g x kg(-1) and 1.0 g x kg(-1) could enhance cerebral blood stream flux, decrease resistance of blood vessels, and reduce blood pressure. While no effects on heart rate. Naoan tablet at dose of 0.7 g x kg(-1) and 2.1 g x kg(-1) could increase the number of capillaries with recovered blood stream and enlarge the artery caliber of soft membrane in rats.

CONCLUSIONNaoan tablets can improve the indexes of hemodynamics and cerebral microcirculation of soft membrane.

Anesthesia ; Animals ; Brain ; blood supply ; Cerebrovascular Circulation ; drug effects ; Codonopsis ; chemistry ; Dogs ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Female ; Ligusticum ; chemistry ; Male ; Microcirculation ; drug effects ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Tablets ; Vascular Resistance ; drug effects

In order to establish a new more rapid, safe and sensitive colorimetric assay for the proliferation of leukemic cells, MTS/pms has been developed. This automated colorimetric assay is based on the characteristic of viable and metabolically active leukemic cells to cleave MTS/pms into a water-soluble product whose optical density is determined at 492 nm by an automated microtiter-plate reader photometer. The results indicated that only active leukemic cells cleaved MTS/pms into product measured, and dead cells did not reduce MTS/pms. A linear relations hip were found between the viable cell number and optical density of MTS/pms cleaved by HL-60 and K562 cell (r = 0.963). Compared with MTT and INT assays, the reduced product of MTS/pms is water-soluble. It is concluded that MTS/pms colorimetric assay is more rapid, accurate and sensitive for the bioassay of proliferation of leukemic cells.
Cell Division ; Colorimetry ; methods ; Formazans ; metabolism ; HL-60 Cells ; Humans ; K562 Cells ; Leukemia ; pathology ; Methylphenazonium Methosulfate ; metabolism ; Tetrazolium Salts ; metabolism ; Thiazoles ; metabolism