Antigens ; analysis ; Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia ; metabolism ; Citric Acid ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 ; analysis ; Edetic Acid ; Formaldehyde ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Immunohistochemistry ; Intestinal Mucosa ; immunology ; Ki-67 Antigen ; analysis ; Microwaves ; Palatine Tonsil ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-6 ; analysis

Ductus Arteriosus ; abnormalities ; Fatal Outcome ; Female ; Heart Septal Defects, Atrial ; etiology ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Rubella Syndrome, Congenital ; complications

OBJECTIVETo study HIV, HBV and HCV infections in intravenous drug users.

METHODS2025 blood samples from intravenous drug users were collected from Sichuan, Hunan, Guangxi and Xinjiang regions, and tested for anti-HIV, anti-HCV, HBsAg using enzyme-linked immuno-sobent assays (ELISAs).

RESULTSThe positive rates of anti-HIV,anti-HCV and HBsAg were14.7%-30.4%, 60.7%-85.5% and 6.6%-22.4% in the intravenous drug users, respectively. The co-infection rates of HIV/HBV, HIV/HCV, HCV/HBV and HIV/HCV/HBV were 0%-0.4%, 11.6%-27.2%, 2.3%-14.3% and 1.6%-4.8% respectively in this population.

CONCLUSIONThe infection rates of HIV, HBV and HCV were higher in the intravenous drug users than that in general populations in the same regions, and HIV/HCV co-infection appeared most frequent in this population.

China ; epidemiology ; HIV Infections ; epidemiology ; Hepatitis B ; epidemiology ; Hepatitis C ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Prevalence ; Substance Abuse, Intravenous

OBJECTIVETo investigate the mechanism and factors affecting mosaicism in human preimplantation embryos by using 2 sequential rounds of fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH).

METHODSTotally 51 normal fertilized embryos, which were not suitable for embryo transfer and cryopreservation, were analyzed on day 3 after fertilization by using two sequential rounds of FISH. Chromosomes 13, 16, 18, 21, 22, X and Y were analyzed.

RESULTSAmong 51 embryos, 16 (31.4%) were mosaic, 12 (23.5%) were chaotic, and the remaining were either normal (27.5%) or non-mosaic abnormal (17.6%). The incidence of mosaic embryos was related to embryo developmental stage, for the incidence of mosaicism increased from 12.5% in embryos

CONCLUSIONMosaicism is common in human preimplantaion embryos, which may be one of the important factors affecting the success rates in IVF-ET. Most of the chromosomal abnormalities can be identified by two sequential rounds of FISH.

Aneuploidy ; Blastocyst ; Chromosomes, Human ; Embryo Transfer ; Female ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; methods ; Mosaicism ; chemically induced ; embryology ; Preimplantation Diagnosis

OBJECTIVE: To study the value of cleaved lymphocytes in peripheral blood smear in assisting the early diagnosis of pertussis. METHODS: Nasopharyngeal swabs and peripheral blood samples were collected from 107 children with pertussis-like disease. PCR-flow fluorescent hybridization was used to detect the nucleic acids of Bordetella pertussis. Based on the detection results, the children were divided into two groups: pertussis (n=52) and non-pertussis (n=55). According to age, the pertussis group was divided into two subgroups: <1 year old (n=42) and ≥1 year old (n=10). According to disease severity, the pertussis group was divided into another two subgroups: mild (n=45) and severe (n=7). An automatic blood cell analyzer was used to determine peripheral blood cell counts. Wright's staining and peroxidase staining were used to observe and count cleaved lymphocytes under a microscope. RESULTS: Cleaved lymphocytes in peripheral blood were round with small cytoplast, less cytoplasm and cleaved or lobulated nuclei. According to the negative peroxidase staining results, these cells were confirmed as lymphocytes. Compared with the non-pertussis group, the pertussis group had significantly higher leukocyte count, lymphocyte percentage, platelet count, and percentage of cleaved lymphocytes (P<0.001). For the children with pertussis, the <1 year old subgroup had significantly higher lymphocyte percentage, platelet count, and percentage of cleaved lymphocytes than the ≥1 year old subgroup (P<0.05). The severe subgroup had slightly higher leukocyte count, lymphocyte percentage, platelet count, and percentage of cleaved lymphocytes than the mild subgroup (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS The detection of cleaved lymphocytes combined with peripheral blood cell counts provides a new option for the early diagnosis of pertussis in children.
Bordetella pertussis ; Humans ; Infant ; Leukocyte Count ; Lymphocytes ; Platelet Count ; Whooping Cough

Objective To establish a method performance verification project and experimental method for the clinical chemiluminescence immunoassay.Methods Referring to CLSI evaluation protocols and pertinent literature,and by combining our actual works,we designed a verification procedure and experimental method.By Using these above,the precision,accuracy,analytical sensitivity,analytical measurement range,clinical reportable range and biotic interval of AFP on the Bayer Centaur 240 chemiluminescence immunoassay system were verificated.Results would be compared with the declaration of the manufacturer or desirable specifications derived from biologic variation.Results The results showed that the between-day inaccuracy on AFP levels at 77.4 ng/ml and 168.0 ng/ml was 5.70% and 4.84% respectively,these were consistent with manufacturer's inaccuracy claimed.The relative bias between the results measured for calibrator at four levels and target value was less 5.0%,and the relative bias between the results measured for EQA control sample at five levels and target value was-3.4% to 11.9%.Lower limit of detection was 1.04 ng/ml,lower slightly manufacturer's analytical sensitivity claimed.Biologic limit of detection was 2.65 ng/ml-3.53 ng/ml,functional sensitivity was 3.53 ng/ml.Analytical measurement range was 3.53-912.00 ng/ml,within manufacturer's liner range claimed.Clinical reportable range was 3.53-182 400.00 ng/ml.Reference interval was 0.6-7.7 ng/ml,within manufacturer' s claimed.Conclusions The main performances of the detection system are accorded with the declaration of the manufacturer.The performance verification procedure and experimental method of our research ars simple and practical,which has important significations for building medical laboratory and laboratory accreditation, improving quality of the chemiluminescence immunoassay.

OBJECTIVETo make preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) for female translocation carriers by analyzing first polar bodies (1PBs) with whole chromosome painting probe (WCP).

METHODSWCP was used in fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis of 1PBs for four female Robertsonian carriers presented for PGD with 45 XX, der(13;14)(q10;q10) karyotype. All the patients underwent ovarian stimulation and during 6 h after oocyte retrieval 1PBs were biopsied and WCP were used in FISH. On day 3 after fertilization embryos diagnosed as normal or balanced were transferred.

RESULTSA total of 61 oocytes were collected in 4 PGD cycles. Of the 54 matured oocytes, 50 were biopsied and 45 were fixed successfully. Results were obtained in 40 1PBs. Overall, 74.1% (40/54) oocytes were diagnosed. The fertilization rate and good embryo rate were 64.8% (35/54) and 65.7% (23/35) respectively. Two clinical pregnancies were obtained. One patient delivered a normal female baby with karyotype 46, XX in June 2006. For another patient, the fetus spontaneously aborted at 9th week of pregnancy with karyotype of 45, X confirmed by amniotic villus diagnosis.

CONCLUSIONWCP can differentiate normal, balanced and unbalanced oocytes accurately and can be used as an efficient PGD method for female carriers of translocation.

Adult ; Chromosome Painting ; methods ; Female ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Oocytes ; metabolism ; Pregnancy ; Preimplantation Diagnosis ; methods ; Translocation, Genetic ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo investigate the constitution of abnormal spermatozoa from patients with sex chromosome anomalies.

METHODSTriple color fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to determine the sex chromosome constitution of spermatozoa from three patients with sex chromosome anomalies (case 1:46,XY/47,XXY, case 2:45,XO/46,X,Yqh-, case 3:47,XXY). The preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) was performed to case 2.

RESULTSAn increased ratio (2.05 vs 1) of X-bearing to Y-bearing spermatozoa was only observed in case 2, who also had an increased incidence of total abnormal spermatozoa (29.71%). An increased incidence of total abnormal spermatozoa (4.91%) was also observed in case 3. Among the constitution of abnormal spermatozoa, case 2 had the increased proportions of XY18 disomy, O18 monosomy and XO monosomy, while case 3 had an increase proportion of XY18 disomy (1.87%). PGD was performed to case 2 and one embryo with XX1818 was selected for implanting.

CONCLUSIONUsing FISH to detect the sperm sex chromosomes in patients with sex chromosome anomalies can provide the useful information to evaluate the risk of sex chromosome anomalies in preimplantation embryos.

Adult ; Chromosomes, Human, X ; genetics ; Chromosomes, Human, Y ; genetics ; Female ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Male ; Preimplantation Diagnosis ; methods ; Sex Chromosome Aberrations ; Spermatozoa ; metabolism

OBJECTIVESTo evaluate preliminary clinical experience for combining awake craniotomy and intraoperative language brain mapping within the integrated 3.0 T intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (iMRI) suite.

METHODSFrom December 2010 to April 2011, 11 right hand-dominant patients with left glioma were involved in, or adjacent to, eloquent cortex was carried out awake craniotomies with cortical stimulation within an integrated 3.0 T iMRI suite. Aphasia battery of Chinese was used to test the language function before the operation. During the procedure, after the occipital, temporal, and supraorbital nerves were blocked by the anesthesiologists, the head was fixed with a custom high-field MRI-compatible head holder. The skull and dura was opened as usual and language brain mapping was then performed. Language testing followed a set protocol: counting numbers from 1 to 50, naming objects, reading single words. Resection of the tumor was guided by neuronavigation system and continued until eloquent areas were encountered or the margin of assessment was reached. An interdissection MRI was acquired to evaluate the glioma removal in a movable MRI scanner after minimal draping. Meanwhile, adverse effects caused by electrical stimulation and iMRI were recorded. The follow-up speech tests were assessed on 7th day and 1 month at least after the operation.

RESULTSThe combined use of 3.0 T iMRI and awake craniotomy was performed safely in all patients. No adverse effects were reported. The duration of surgery was prolonged by 2 to 4 h. The patients' perception of iMRI during surgery was favorable. First-look MRI studies led to further resection attempts in 6/11 cases as well as a 3/11 increase in the number of gross-total resections. One week after surgery, baseline language function worsened in 4 cases. However, no patients had a persistent language deficit one month after surgery.

CONCLUSIONSAwake craniotomy and direct cortical electrical stimulation can be performed safely and effectively within a 3.0 T iMRI suite. The combination of high-field iMRI and awake craniotomy may facilitate safe removal of eloquent glioma.

Adult ; Aged ; Anesthesia ; methods ; Brain Neoplasms ; surgery ; Cerebral Cortex ; surgery ; Craniotomy ; methods ; Female ; Glioma ; surgery ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Monitoring, Intraoperative ; Neuronavigation ; methods ; Wakefulness

OBJECTIVETo understand the national situation of quality and consumption of iodized salt at production and household levels.

METHODSDetailed surveillance method could be found in 'national iodized salt surveillance scheme', issued by MOH in 2004. The iodine concentrations in salt (except some special kinds of salt) were detected by direct titration with national standard of GB/T 13025.7-1999, in which the iodine content in qualified iodized salt was set as between 20 and 50 mg/kg and that in non-iodized salt was set as below 5 mg/kg.

RESULTSAt production level, the national lot qualified rate was 98.36% and all the provincial lot qualified rate of production level was over 90%. At household level, the national iodized salt coverage rate of household was 96.87% and the national qualified iodized salt coverage rate was 93.75%. 4 provinces (Tibet, Hainan, Xinjiang and Guangdong) had an iodized salt coverage rate lower than 90%. Further, the qualified iodized salt coverage rate of 5 provinces (Tibet, Hainan, Xinjiang, Guangdong and Qinghai) was below 90%. In 2006,80 counties did not conduct the iodized salt surveillance and non-iodized salt coverage rate of 185 counties was higher than 10%. In the respect of the qualified iodized salt coverage rate at household level, there were about 10 percent lagging behind the national goal that 95% of all the counties in China should achieve virtual elimination of iodine deficiency disorder before 2010.

CONCLUSIONAt national level,the lot qualified rate at production level and the iodized salt coverage rate at household level maintained comparatively well. However, at county level, there were 75 counties whose iodized salt coverage rate was below 70%.

China ; Goiter ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Iodine ; deficiency ; Population Surveillance ; Sodium Chloride, Dietary