The viable but noncuturable (VBNC) state is a survival strategy when bacteria are exposed to en- vironment stress. The VBNC state is part of the life cycle of non-differentiating bacteria, and it has a far-reaching impact on traditional bacteriology. Cells in the VBNC state fail to grow on the routine bacterio- logical media, here its significance in human health and environment science are detailed. Cells entering the VBNC state exhibit dwarfing and a number of metabolic changes in respiration rates and macromolecular synthesis. This paper summarized the variations in DNA and protein comparing to the culturable cells. We also discussed the ability of cells to resuscitate from the VBNC state and return to an actively metabolizing and culturable form. Some new methods for monitoring the VBNC state were listed. Finally the future was suggested.

OBJECTIVETo probe into essence of meridians.

METHODSTo examine meridians, acupoints, brain and relative organs by SQUID and fMRI, and to analyze the results.

CONCLUSIONA relative stable circular current of electromagnetic and chemical oscillation along the low electric resistance pathway was found. Competition of different frequency oscillation often yield resonance in some positions of the human body so as to form "oscillatory network" and "strange point" with the electromagnetic and chemical oscillation circulating dominant position in the body, which is possibly meridians and acupoints with regulative actions. The brain is the center of meridians. In different physiological or pathological process, characteristic changes and negatively correlative phenomenon of electromagnetic spectrum at acupoints and the brain are possibly key mechanisms in dynamic regulation of meridians.

OBJECTIVETo approach to the intrinsic mechanism of meridian regulation.

METHODSSummarize and analyze the results of the author's studies and the development of other studies about life regulating and meridian at home and abroad.

CONCLUSIONThe regulating mechanism of meridians has two levels. The macroscopic regulation center is the brain, and the microscopic regulation base is the energy and informational current that depends on electromagnetic and chemical oscillation mainly. The meridian regulation is the process of the energy and informational system communicating and implicating with the material system. Neuroendocrine is the link of communicating and implicating, and Ca2+ oscillation frequencies exert intermediary function between the two systems.

OBJECTIVETo expound the relationship between meridians and the human two information systems, material system and energy system.

METHODSSummarize and analyze the results of experimental and other studies.

CONCLUSIONThe carrier of the meridian is human material system. The nerve, body fluid, microcirculation and chemical factors take part in meridian circulation, and it must depend on the energy information system which works mainly at the form of electromagnetic and chemical oscillation with functions of physiological regulation and pathological repair. Oscillation parameters include various signals of regulating development and physiologic activities, and coordinate functions of organs and tissues. The meridians have the "quantum" characteristics, material particles coexist and exchange each other with electromagnetic and chemical oscillation characteristic.

Objective To explore a method of using a computer system for multi-media cases study in radiation oncology clinical work,in order to replace the traditional use of film images and paper.Methods We use a dedicated networked computer's Windows XP's Remote Desktop feature to remote access an Eclipse TPS and the radiation therapy information management system.Then we can online read the patient' s information of CT images,target volumes,treatment plans,plan application forms and electronic medical records,and use a projector to project it on the screen.Results There has been half a year since we successfully set up a radiation therapy case study multi-media system in the department.It's convenient and effective to achieve the department conducted a collective case discussion.Conclusions The equipment required is simple,and it's a safe and reliable technology,greatly improving the clinical efficiency and quality of medical care.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and tolerance of preoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy in the treatment of locally advanced middle-low rectal cancer.Methods From June 2007 to June 2013,51 untreated patients with histopathologically proven rectal cancer (T3/T4 or N (+))were included in this study.Three-dimensional radiotherapy was delivered to the whole pelvic cavity at 45.0-50.4 Gy/25-28 fractions.Two cycles of chemotherapy with FOLFOX4 or XELOX were given concurrently at weeks 1 and 4 of radiotherapy.Surgery was performed at 4-8 weeks after chemoradiotherapy.Adjuvant chemotherapy with FOLFOX4 or XELOX was given within one month after surgery.The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate survival rates,and the log-rank test was used for univariate analysis;the Cox regression model was used for multivariate prognostic analysis.Results Fortynine patients completed the preoperative chemoradiotherapy and surgery.The median follow-up was 2.9 years.The overall sphincter preservation rate was 65％;the overall downstaging rate was 59％.Ten (20.4％) of all patients achieved a pathologic complete response (pCR).Grade ≥3 toxicities occurred in 25％ of all patients,and the overall postoperative complication rate was 31％.The 3-and 5-year sample sizes were 24,12,respectively.The 3-and 5-year overall survival rates were 81％ and 69％,respectively;the 3-and 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) rates were 76％ and 60％,respectively;the 3-and 5-year local recurrence-free survival (LRFS) rates were 78％ and 70％,respectively;the distant metastasis-free survival rates were 82％ and 74％,respectively.The multivariate analysis showed that tumor downstaging was an independent prognostic factor for 5-year DFS and LRFS.Conclusions For locally advanced middle-low rectal cancer,preoperative radiotherapy with concurrent FOLFOX4/XELOX chemotherapy can increase pathologic downstaging rate,pCR rate,and sphincter preservation rate.Patients with tumor downstaging may have a better survival advantage.

The recombinant adenoviruses containing pGH cDNA and pGH cDNA with the first intron under the control of CMV promoter were constructed respectively by homogenous recombination method. The results showed that the recombinant adenoviruses could mediate pGH cDNA expression in CHO cells infected with the recombinant adenoviruses. The expression level of pGH cDNA with the first intron increased by 117% compared with pGH cDNA without intron. This indicate that the first intron of pGH gene have the function of improving the expression of the pGH gene.
Adenoviridae ; genetics ; Animals ; CHO Cells ; Cricetinae ; Cytomegalovirus ; genetics ; Gene Expression ; Genetic Engineering ; Genetic Vectors ; genetics ; Growth Hormone ; genetics ; Introns ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; genetics ; Swine

The effects of Guizhi Fuling capsule and its active ingredient combination within different concentration on SPL proliferate were observed by MTT method. The ratio of CD80/86, CD3CD25 and CD3CD69 was used to evaluate cell activation effects of Guizhi Fuling capsule and its active ingredient combination by FCM. Guizhi Fuling capsule with concentration of 400 mg · L(-1)can promote spleen lymphocyte proliferation, as well as the active ingredient combination, which showed the obvious dose-effect relationship. Compared with control group, the difference has statistical significance (P≤0.01). The result of FCM showed that Guizhi Fuling capsule and its active ingredient combination can promote CD80 and CD86 expression on spleen lymphocyte, and also can increase CD25 and CD69 ratio between spleen CD3+ cells. Compared with control group, the difference has statistical significance (P≤0.01). Thus, Guizhi Fuling capsule and its active ingredient combination may have immune-modulate effects, and the mechanism may have a close relationship with the lymphocyte activation.
Animals ; Capsules ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; pharmacology ; Immunologic Factors ; pharmacology ; Lymphocyte Activation ; drug effects ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; T-Lymphocytes ; drug effects ; immunology

Objective To evaluate the prognosis and side-effects of three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3 DCRT) and intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for prostate carcinoma. Methods From 2001 to 2009, 62 patients with prostate carcinoma treated with radiotherapy were included in the retrospective analysis. Among them, 60 patients received IMRT while the other two received 3DCRT. There were 56 patients receiving androgen deprivation therapy before radiotherapy. The median dose was 78 Gy to 95% planning target volume (PTV) of the prostate and seminal vesicles, and the median dose to 95% PTV of the pelvic lymph nodes was 48 Gy. Results The median follow-up was 15.4 months. The 3-and 5-year overall survival (OS) rates were 92% and 83%, with the corresponding biochemical disease-free survival rates of 87% and 69%, and the distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) rate of 77% and 55%, respectively. Patients with a PSA nadir ≤ 2 ng/ml had a 3-year OS of 94% and DMFS of 88%, compared with 56% and 11% (χ~2 = 16. 39, P < 0.01 for OS ; χ~2 = 28. 87, P < 0. 01 for DMFS) for those with a PSA nadir > 2 ng/ml. The incidence of grade 1 and 2 urinary toxicity was 32% and 0% for acute damage, 10% and 0% for late damage, respectively. The incidence of grade 1 and 2 intestinal toxicity was 19% and 3%. for acute damage, 5% and 3% for late damage, respectively. Conclusions Radiation therapy for patients with prostate carcinoma shows satisfactory outcomes with a good toleration. Monitor of PSA after radiotherapy has benefit for prognosis evaluation.

Objective To study the expression of p53,p16,PCNA protein in esophageal carcinoma and its relationship to sexual distinction,the location of disease,the biological level,the depth of invasion and lymph node metastasis.Methods 118 patients with esophageal carcinoma were included in the study,all of them were treated for the first time.p53,p16 and PCNA protein in the 118 cases of esophageal carcinoma were detected by immunohistochemical assay(SP technique). Results The positive expression of p53, p16, PCNA protein in 118 patients was 80 %(92/118),42%(50/118)and 97%(115/118),respectively.The positive expression of p53,PCNA protein were irrelated to the sexual distinction,the location of disease,the biological level,the depth of invasion and the lymph node metastasis.The loss of p16 was significantly related to the depth of invasion and the lymph node metastasis(P