Allelic Imbalance ; Genetic Techniques ; Humans

Since 2000,most of H5N1 subtype influenza A virus had a unique mutation of NS gene with 15base pair deletion from 263 to 277. In order to investigate the bio-characteristics of this mutation,two different NS recombinants,RWSN-248 and RWSN-m248,were generated via plasmid rescue from A/WSN/33(H1N1) and A/SD/04(H5N1). RWSN-248 had a higher viral titer than RWSN-m248 in MDCK and COS-1 cells that have an IFN response,but they had the similar growth ability in Vero cells that lack an IFN response. Both of two recombinants grew well in embryonated chicken eggs and had the similar viral titer and MDT. The results above revealed that the deletion from 263 to 277 sites of NS gene did not influence viral virulence to but decreased viral anti-IFN ability of H5N1.

The viable but noncuturable (VBNC) state is a survival strategy when bacteria are exposed to en- vironment stress. The VBNC state is part of the life cycle of non-differentiating bacteria, and it has a far-reaching impact on traditional bacteriology. Cells in the VBNC state fail to grow on the routine bacterio- logical media, here its significance in human health and environment science are detailed. Cells entering the VBNC state exhibit dwarfing and a number of metabolic changes in respiration rates and macromolecular synthesis. This paper summarized the variations in DNA and protein comparing to the culturable cells. We also discussed the ability of cells to resuscitate from the VBNC state and return to an actively metabolizing and culturable form. Some new methods for monitoring the VBNC state were listed. Finally the future was suggested.

To analyze the regularity in combined medication with Xiyanping injection (Xiyanping for short) in the real world by as- sociation rules. Totally 5 822 patients using Xiyanping injection was collected from the 18 Class III Grade I hospitals nationwide to study the combined medication information of the patient with lung infection and make the analysis by using association rules and Apriori. According to the results, major drugs combined with Xiyanping in treatment of lung infection included compound amino acid, inosine, coenzyme A, cytidine triphosphate, vitamin C. Common drugs combined with Xiyanping can be divided into 5 categories: nutrition support therapy (vitamin C, compound amino acid) , coenzymes (coenzyme A, cytidine triphosphate, inosine), expectorants and antiasthmatics (ambroxol, salbutamol, doxofylline), hormones (dexamethasone, budesonide), antibiotics (mainly cefminox). The main combined medicines mostly conformed to the regularity for drugs treating lung infection. In addition, there were two most common medical combination models: the model for Xiyanping combined a single medicine is Xiyanping + nutrition support therapy, while the model for Xiyanping combined two or more than two medicines is Xiyanping + nutrition support therapy + coenzyme. Pharmacologically, Xiyanping is mostly combined with western medicines with similar pharmacological effects to substitute or supplement the antibiotic effect in treating lung infection. However, further studies shall be conducted for the safety and rationality of the combined medication based on clinical practices, in order to provide reference for clinical medication.
Adult ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; administration & dosage ; Ascorbic Acid ; administration & dosage ; Cephamycins ; administration & dosage ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Hospital Information Systems ; Humans ; Lung Diseases ; drug therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

It has been showed that there were obvious obstacle effects of Panax notoginseng replanting. Crop rotation was the main effective technique to overcome the obstacle. To find a reasonable crop rotation system for P. notoginseng, aqueous extracts from root, stem and leaf of P. notoginseng were analyzed for allelopathic effect on three maize varieties (which are often grown in regions where P. notoginseng grown). The main results were as follows: (1) Allelopathic effect of P. notoginseng stem and leaf extracts on the three other tested plants was stronger than that of root extracts; (2) Corn was more vulnerable to the effects of allelochemicals at seedling stage than at germination stage, and the corn root was more sensitive than aerial part to allelochemicals; (3) Lusan No. 3 and Yunrui No. 1 showed resistance to P. notoginseng allelopathy, with respective comprehensive sensitivity indexes (M3) of - 0.089 3 and -0.159 2, while Bainuo No. 1 is sensitive at M3 = -0.261 0. It then can be concluded that Lusan No. 3 and Yunrui No. 1 may be an alternative rotation plants for overcoming P. notoginseng continuous cropping obstacle.
Allelopathy ; Panax notoginseng ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Pheromones ; pharmacology ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Plant Stems ; chemistry ; Zea mays ; drug effects ; growth & development

Objective • To investigate the role and the regulation mechanism of SUMOylation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ1 (PPARγ1) in macrophage M2 polarization induced by interleukin-4 (IL-4). Methods • To investigate the SUMOylation of PPARγ1 and identify its SUMOylated site, immunoprecipitation (IP) with anti-FLAG/HA antibody and Western blotting were used after plasmids FLAG-PPARγ1-WT/mutant and HA-SUMO1 being co-transfected into HEK293T cells. To determine SENP1 can de-SUMOylate PPARγ1, IP was used when HEK293T cells were co-transfected by FLAG-PPARγ1-WT, HA-SUMO1 and RGS-SENP1-WT, or SENP1 mutant plasmids. The change of the endogenous SUMOylation of PPARγ1 during M2 polarization was checked by IP and Western blotting by using PPARγ or SUMO1 antibodies in cell lysates of RAW264.7 cells and primary peritoneal macrophages induced by IL-4. The expression of some M2 related marker genes were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction in PPARγ1-WT/mutants stably-overexpressed RAW264.7 cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) experiment was used to confirm the different ability of binding to the promoter of arginase (Arg1) between PPARγ1-WT and PPARγ1-K77R. Results • It has been identified that the major SUMOylated site of PPARγ1 was Lys77, which could be de-SUMOylated by SENP1. The endogenous SUMOylation of PPARγ1 decreased when macrophage polarized to M2 macrophage induced by IL-4. The expression of Arg1 increased in PPARγ1-K77R stably-overexpressed RAW264.7 cells. PPARγ1-K77R easily bound to the promoter of Arg1 gene, showing more transcription activity. Conclusion • De-SUMOylation of PPARγ1 at Lys77 can enhance its transcription activity by promoting the expression of Arg1 gene, which is involved in the regulation of macrophage M2 polarization.

Objective To evaluate laparoscopic radical cholecystectomy for T2 gallbladder cancers.Methods A retrospective analysis was made on 44 patients with pathology confirmed T2 gallbladder cancer undergoing laparoscopic vs open radical cholecystectomy.The clinicopathological and follow-up data were compared.Results Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed in 32 patients,the implantation metastasis rate of this approach has no statistical differences compared with the open cholecystectomy (P =1.000).26 patients underwent laparoscopic radical resection and the remaining 18 patients underwent open radical resection.There was no statistical difference in operation time (P =0.953),blood loss (P =0.193)and postoperative complications (P =1.000),but the laparoscopic radical resection group is superior to the open group on postoperative pain grading (P =0.022),ambulation time (P =0.000),nothing per mouth time (P =0.000) and length of hospital stay (P =0.048).The mean number of lymph nodes retrieved was 5 ±4 (range 1-12) in the laparoscopic radical group and 6 ± 3 (range 1-12) in the open group (P =0.983);the 1,3,5 year survival rates was 92.3％,70.3％,61.5％ and 92.3％,76.3％,69.3％,respectively(P =0.473).Conclusions Initial laparoscopic cholecystectomy does not increase the rate of seeding metastasis in the context of intact gallbladder carcinoma.Totall laparoscopic radical resection is feasible in selected T2 gallbladder cancer patients.

3T3-LI preadipocytes were induced to differentiate and 3T3-L1 adipocyte or preadipocytes were incubated with oleate or palmitate overnight.RT-PCR was used to measure adiponectin receptor(AdipoR)1 and AdipoR2 mRNA levels.The results showed that the AdipoRl and AdipoR2 expressions were differentiation- dependent.Oleate only suppressed AdipoR mRNA expression in preadipocyte but not in adipocyte.However,high concentration of palmitate reduced AdipoR mRNA expression in both 3T3-LI preadipocyte and adipocyte.

Objective To study the relationship between alkaloids contents in Chinese traditional drug Yimu Cao ( the dried aerial parts of Leonurus artemisia ) and its growing environment. Methods Samples of the herb and the soil at its growing site were collected from 5 selected geographic regions. Reference literatures were reviewed and on-the-spot investigation conducted to understand the growth environment. RP-HPLC was performed to determine the alkaloid contents in the herb. Results Different regions had different environmental conditions, including the climate, soil, vegetation etc. Regardless of the soil, barren or fertile at the growing site, the herb of L. artemisia could grow well, but the contents of alkaloid in the herb varied greatly. The herb produced in 2 northern regions, where the soil is alkaline, had higher content of alkaloid (about 0.4%) than that produced in southern regions (0.1%~0.2%), where the soil is acidic. Conclusions The contents of organic matters, effective phosphorus, quick-acting potassium, and the pH value of the soil at the growing site were the factors that correlates with the alkaloid contents in the herb, among which the pH value of soil was the most important positive correlating factor. The alkaline soils in the north benefit the accumulation of alkaloids more than the acidic soils in the South does. The other probable factors affecting the alkaloid contents in Yimu Cao was the climate and genetic factors.

Objective To study the relationship between alkaloids contents in Chinese traditional drug Yimu Cao ( the dried aerial parts of Leonurus artemisia ) and its growing environment. Methods Samples of the herb and the soil at its growing site were collected from 5 selected geographic regions. Reference literatures were reviewed and on-the-spot investigation conducted to understand the growth environment. RP-HPLC was performed to determine the alkaloid contents in the herb. Results Different regions had different environmental conditions, including the climate, soil, vegetation etc. Regardless of the soil, barren or fertile at the growing site, the herb of L. artemisia could grow well, but the contents of alkaloid in the herb varied greatly. The herb produced in 2 northern regions, where the soil is alkaline, had higher content of alkaloid (about 0.4%) than that produced in southern regions (0.1%~0.2%), where the soil is acidic. Conclusions The contents of organic matters, effective phosphorus, quick-acting potassium, and the pH value of the soil at the growing site were the factors that correlates with the alkaloid contents in the herb, among which the pH value of soil was the most important positive correlating factor. The alkaline soils in the north benefit the accumulation of alkaloids more than the acidic soils in the South does. The other probable factors affecting the alkaloid contents in Yimu Cao was the climate and genetic factors.