The antitussive activity assay for the root extraction of Disporum cantoniense was carried out with coughing mice induced by ammonia liquor. The results showed that the ethanol and water extractions of D. cantoniense possess strong antitussive activity, and the high dose of the former was better than positive control, and then the constituents of the ethanol extraction were separated and purified by various modern chromatographic techniques. Their structures were identified by physico-chemical properties and spectroscopic data. As a result, eight compounds were isolated and identified as stigmast-4-en-3-one(1), (22E, 24R)-ergosta-5, 7, 22-trien-3beta-ol(2), obtucarbamate A(3), obtucarbamate B(4), neotigogenin(5), azo-2, 2'-bis[Z-(2,3-dihydroxy-4-methyl-5-methoxy) phenyl ethylene] (6),dimethyl {[carbonylbis (azanediyl)] bis( 2-methyl-5, 1-phenylene) j dicarbamate (7) , and quercetin-3-O-pB-D-glucopyranoside(8). All compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time, and the result of bioactivity-directed isolation showed that compounds 3, 4, and 6 had obvious effect on antitussive activity, and compound 6 had the same level as positive control.
Animals ; Antitussive Agents ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Ethanol ; chemistry ; Female ; Liliaceae ; chemistry ; Male ; Mice

Objective To evaluate laparoscopic radical cholecystectomy for T2 gallbladder cancers.Methods A retrospective analysis was made on 44 patients with pathology confirmed T2 gallbladder cancer undergoing laparoscopic vs open radical cholecystectomy.The clinicopathological and follow-up data were compared.Results Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed in 32 patients,the implantation metastasis rate of this approach has no statistical differences compared with the open cholecystectomy (P =1.000).26 patients underwent laparoscopic radical resection and the remaining 18 patients underwent open radical resection.There was no statistical difference in operation time (P =0.953),blood loss (P =0.193)and postoperative complications (P =1.000),but the laparoscopic radical resection group is superior to the open group on postoperative pain grading (P =0.022),ambulation time (P =0.000),nothing per mouth time (P =0.000) and length of hospital stay (P =0.048).The mean number of lymph nodes retrieved was 5 ±4 (range 1-12) in the laparoscopic radical group and 6 ± 3 (range 1-12) in the open group (P =0.983);the 1,3,5 year survival rates was 92.3％,70.3％,61.5％ and 92.3％,76.3％,69.3％,respectively(P =0.473).Conclusions Initial laparoscopic cholecystectomy does not increase the rate of seeding metastasis in the context of intact gallbladder carcinoma.Totall laparoscopic radical resection is feasible in selected T2 gallbladder cancer patients.

Objective To investigate the effect of total flavonoids of Herba Epimodii (HEF) on the expression of core binding factor?1 (Cbfal) in the bone of ovariectomized rats.Methods Fifty-four female SD rats were allocated into 6 groups (9 in each): sham operation group,ovariectomized (OVX) group,OVX followed by three kinds of HEF doses(40,80 and 160 mg?kg~(-1)?d~(-1))and nilestriol (0.1 mg?kg~(-1)?week~(-1))for 12 weeks respectively.Bone mineral density (BMD) of whole body was determined by DEXA.The levels of osteocalcin (BGP) and estradiol (E_2) in serum were measured by radioimmunologic method.All rats were then sacrificed,and total RNA were directly isolated from the skull.Relative quantification of Cbfal mRNA expression was detected by real time quantitative PCR.Results Serum E_2 and BMD of whole body in the OVX group were lower than those in sham group significantly after 12 weeks (both P0.05).Relative quantification of Cbfal mRNA expression in the OVX group was significantly lower than that in sham group after 12 weeks (P

OBJECTIVETo explore the feasibility of evaluating complete ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) of the testis by contrast-enhanced ultrasonography with microbubbles (MB) targeted to P-selectin (MBp) in rabbits.

METHODSWe randomly divided 30 healthy adult rabbits into five groups of equal number (control, 0.5 h IRI, 1 h IRI, 2 h IRI, and 4 h IRI), prepared phospholipid MB and MBp, and performed contrast-enhanced ultrasonography of the bilateral testes with MB or MBp at an interval of 20 min at different times after IRI. When MB or MBp disappeared completely in the healthy testis at 4 to 5 min after intravenous injection, we recorded the power of the first frame (F-P) in the IRI testes followed by immunohistochemical staining of the testis tissue.

RESULTSCEU with MBp achieved a significantly higher F-P than that with MB in all the IRI groups (P < 0.05), which was (8.34 +/- 1.20) versus (1.87 +/- 0.25) 10(-5) AU at 2 hours, but there was no significant difference between MB and MBp in the control rabbits (0 AU, P > 0.05). Immunohistochemistry showed a significantly time-dependent increase in the expression of P-selectin in the vascular endothelial cells of the IRI testes, but not in those of the control.

CONCLUSIONContrast-enhanced ultrasonography with MBp can be used to evaluate the inflammatory reaction of testicular ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Animals ; Antibodies ; Disease Models, Animal ; Male ; Microbubbles ; P-Selectin ; immunology ; Rabbits ; Reperfusion Injury ; diagnostic imaging ; Testis ; blood supply ; Ultrasonography

OBJECTIVETo assess the effectiveness and safety of intratympanic versus systemic steroid therapy in the initial treatment of idiopathic sudden hearing loss.

METHODSAn extensive search of the literature was performed in Pubmed and other available database from January, 1980 to November, 2011. After filtering by the criteria of Cochrane Collaboration, a meta-analysis was conducted.

RESULTSNine studies met the criteria for meta-analysis, for idiopathic sudden hearing loss patients without diabetes received intratympanic steroid therapy, the improvement rate (RR = 1.11,95% CI = 0.96-1.28, P = 0.15) did not show any significance when compared with the patients received systemic therapy. While a significant difference of improvement rate occurred between intratympanic and systemic steroid therapy in the idiopathic sudden hearing loss patients with diabetes (RR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.02-1.50, P = 0.03).

CONCLUSIONFor the initial therapy of idiopathic sudden hearing loss patients without diabetes, systemic steroid treatment still remains the first choice, but for the idiopathic sudden hearing loss patients with diabetes, intratympanic steroid treatment should be used for the initial treatment.

Administration, Oral ; Audiometry, Pure-Tone ; Dexamethasone ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural ; drug therapy ; Hearing Loss, Sudden ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Methylprednisolone ; Steroids ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome ; Tympanic Membrane

In this study the chemical constituents of the higher polar sustances from Desmodium caudatum were investigated.The compounds were isolated by using column chromatographies over silicagel, polyamide, ODS, Sephadex LH-20, and preparative HPLC. The structures of these compounds were identified on the basis of NMR and MS spectra. Thirteen compounds were obtained and their structures were identified as vanillin(1), loliolide(2), indole-3-carboxaldehyde(3), salicylic acid(4), swertisin(5), saccharumoside C(6), isosinensin (7), kaempferol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside-7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (8), isovitexin (9), vitexin (10), nothofagin(11), resveratroloside (12), and 2"-α-rhamnopyranosyl-7-O-methylvitexin (13). Except for compound 5, the remaining compounds were isolated from D. caudatum for the first time. Compounds 2, 3, 6-8, 11-13 were separated from the genus Desmodium for the first time.
Apigenin ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Fabaceae ; chemistry ; Molecular Structure ; Saponins ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6 ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Loss of Heterozygosity ; Male ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; genetics

BACKGROUND: Stem cells are still controversial for the treatment of old myocardial infarction. Multimodal imaging evaluation is one of the key points in the study of stem cell transplantation, which can evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of stem cell transplantation from the perspective of molecular imaging. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) with different stem cell transplantation in patients with old myocardial infarction using multimodal imaging technology. METHODS: Sixty patients with old myocardial infarction were enrolled and randomly divided into three groups to receive CABG, CABG+autologous bone marrow stem cell transplantation (CABG+BMC) or CABG+autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (CABG+PBSC), respectively. All the patients were scanned with gated PET/CT (13N-NH3?H2O/18F-FDG), echocardiography and coronary angiography at different time points orderly (at baseline, 1, 12 and 24 months after treatment). We compared the degree of coronary stenosis (%), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), percentage of defect size with myocardial perfusion/metabolic abnormal radioactive distribution (A) and the ratio of defect area (R).RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In the diagnosis of survival myocardial segments, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value for the gated PET/CT were 92.1%, 85.6%, 93.4% and 78.4%, respectively. After the above treatments, the extent of coronary stenosis decreased significantly in the three groups (P < 0.05), which was improved most at 1 month after treatment (P < 0.05). In the CABG+BMC and CABG+PBSC groups, the LVEF value increased significantly after treatment (P < 0.05). In the CABG+BMC group, the A value decreased significantly at 1 and 24 months after treatment as compared with the baseline (P < 0.05), and the A value was further decreased, indicating a significant difference at 12 and 24 months after treatment (P < 0.05). In the CABG+BMC group, the R value significantly decreased at 1 month after treatment compared with the baseline (P=0.019). To conclude, the multimodal imaging is better to evaluate the prognosis of patients undergoing CABG with different stem cell transplantation, which is beneficial for the selection of treatment and therapeutic evaluation in myocardial infarction patients. CABG combined with stem cell transplantation can improve the left ventricular function of patients in a short time, and CABG+BMC is superior to CABG+PBSC to improve the survived myocardial function in patients.

OBJECTIVETo study on growth characteristics of Curcuma wenyujin, and provide theoretical basis for the development of high-quality and high-yield medical material.

METHODThe morphological change of the plant was observed periodically, the content of volatile oil and dry matter in leaves, rhizome, root tuber was determine.

RESULTThe growth of C. wenyujin could be divided into 5 stages, i. e. seed germination, seedling, leaf growth, rhizome expansion, accumulation of dry matter, respectively. Before the stage of rhizome expansion, over 70% dry matter was accumulated in the aerial part of the plant, and during the stage of leaf growth, the maximum increase rate of dry matter in aerial part was 3.90 g/p/d. During the stage of rhizome expansion, the ratio of dry matter of rhizome increased quickly and reached above 33% , and the increase rate of dry matter of rhizome rise up to 3.83 g/p/d, in the end of the stage, the content of volatile oil in the rhizome also rose up to 1.20 mL x 100 g(-1).

CONCLUSIONDuring the whole growth stage, there are two growth centers, when the two curves of dry matter increase of aerial part and rhizome intersect, it is regarded as a signal that the growth transformed form the aerial part to rhizome. When the rate of dry matter from rhizome rise, the content of volatile oil in rhizome rises quickly with the increase of dry matter in rhizome. The optimal harvest time is in mid-December.

Curcuma ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Germination ; Oils, Volatile ; analysis ; Plant Components, Aerial ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Plants, Medicinal ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Rhizome ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Seasons ; Seedlings ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Seeds ; growth & development

Objective: To summarize the distributing rule of TCM syndrome elements of common diseases by analyzing the literature of Depression,Chronic Hepatitis B,Chronic Renal Failure,Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease,Menopausal Syndrome.Methods: We selected eligible literatures,then established database with EpiData 3.0 software and computed the frequency of TCM syndrome elements with SPSS 12.0 software.Results: ①Liver,heart,spleen,lung and kidney are common TCM syndrome elements of location of disease.②Yin deficiency,yang deficiency,heat,qi stasis,qi deficiency,blood stasis,damp and phlegm are common TCM syndrome elements of nature of disease.③There are TCM syndrome types between 62 and 148,but the sum of frequency of leading syndrome types which includes disease information is mostly no more than 50%.There are TCM syndrome elements between 19 and 47,but the sum of frequency of leading syndrome elements which includes disease information is mostly above 80%.Conclusion: It is convenient to study TCM syndrome from the aspect of TCM syndrome elements,so we should thoroughly keep on studying TCM syndrome elements.