Objective To discuss the influencing factors of lead poisoning in children and adolescents in certain region of Yunnan and to provide evidence for effective prevention measures.Methods Venous blood samples of 1379 children and adolescents were collected and lead levels in the blood were tested by atomic absorption spectrometer.Children and adolescents with lead level higher than 100 μg/L were diagnosed with lead poisoning.Results The lead level ranged from 1 μg/L to 450 μg/L,with the average level of 82.87 ± 66.97 μg/L,and 341 children and adolescents were diagnosed with lead poisoning,with the poisoning rate of 24.7％.The differences of lead poisoning rates by gender,age,and place of residence were significant (P＜0.05).Gender,age,and distance between place of residence and mining area were the main influencing factors of the lead poisoning rate.Conclusion The blood lead poisoning rate of children and adolescent are high in this region.Boys,children in preschool age and children living closer to the mining area are susceptible to blood lead poisoning.

Fermentation conditions for the production of spores of Bacillus mucilaginosus mutant 021120 were optimized through the single factor and orthogonal experiments.The results showed that the biomass and formation of spores were obviously affected by carbonate,followed by nitrogen.Addition of CaCO3 and enhancing air flux notably promoted the formation of spores.The optimal culture medium was composed of 2% starch,0.4% Yeast,0.1% K2HPO4,0.1% MgSO4?7H20 and 0.5 %CaCO3,pH7.5.6% of the inoculum prepared with two-stage extensive culture was inoculated into a 70L fermentor.The fermentation was carried out with 2.0~2.5 vvm of air flux at 32℃ for 38~42h,and the spores of 9.80?108 cfu ml-1 was obtained.Under these optimal fermentation conditions,the capsule was successfully controled and the formation of the spores was effectively improved,thus the satisfying bacteial product was obtained.

ObjectiveTo study the effect of continuous blood purification (CBP) on the multiple organ dysfunction syndrome(MODS). MethodsContinuous blood purification were used in 33 patients with MODS. Results Among 33 patients,24 mended and 8 died. The scores of Acute Physiology And Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE Ⅱ) and MODS obviously declined(P<0.05), as well as the BUN and blood Cr (P<0.05), but the bilirubin did not (P>0.05). The haemodynamic variables were stabilized during CBP and no obvious side-effect related to CBP was found. ConclusionThe therapy of continuous blood purification can improve the prognosis to the patients with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. The patients were able to bear at the quality better.

Objective To assess the status of Cancer-Related Fatigue in the preoperative patients with colorectal cancer by the use of Identity-Consequence Fatigue Scale (ICFS),analyze impacted factors and explore corresponding nursing methods.Methods Totals of 103 preoperative patients with colorectal cancer were asked to be evaluated by ICFS,and multivariate analysis and univariate analysis were exerted on the fatigue.Results The score of ICFS was 28-119 (60.47 ± 18.16).And age (P =0.289),gender(P =0.743),insured or not(P =0.869),combined another symptoms or not(P =0.293),tumor-related TNM stage (P =0.623) and the degree of differentiation (P =0.873) took no influence on cancer-related fatigue.Conclusions The degree of the fatigue of preoperative patients with colorectal cancer have no obvious specificity and preference,nursing staff should highlight care on every patient,and strengthen their understanding and attention toward cancer-related fatigue.

BACKGROUND:The traditional two-dimensional culture system has been widely used in the in vitro culture of human tissue stem cells,but it cannot really simulate the three-dimensional physiological microenvironment in the body, which is not conducive to the study of the biological behavior of human stem cells. OBJECTIVE: To detect the effect of the bioactivity of Col-Tgel in human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)in vitro and in vivo,by constructing a three-dimensional culture system stimulating the physiological microenvironment of the body. METHODS:(1)In vitro co-culture:Green fluorescent protein labeled MSCs(MSCs-GFP)and human umbilical cord blood CD34+cells were co-cultured in Col-Tgel for 3 days (three-dimensional culture group). Human umbilical cord blood CD34+cells were cultured in Col-Tgel for 3 days as single culture group. MSCs-GFP and human umbilical cord blood CD34+cells were co-cultured in Transwell chamber for 3 days as two-dimensional culture group. Human umbilical cord blood CD34+cells were cultured routinely as control group. The percentage of CD34+CD38-CD45RA-CD90+cells in each group was measured by flow cytometry. In situ immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the activity of cells that were co-cultured in Col-Tgel.(2)In vivo transplantation:NOD/SCID mice subjected to 24-hour X-ray irradiation were divided into two groups: in experimental group, MSC-GFP cells were resuspended in Col-Tgel and transplanted into the tibia of NOD/SCID mice; in control group, MSCs-GFP were resuspended in PBS and transplanted into the tibia of NOD/SCID mice. The MSC-GFP growth in the bone marrow was detected by two-photon/confocal microscopy at 3 days post transplantation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) After co-culture in Col-Tgel for 3 days, the percentage of CD34+CD38-CD45RA-CD90+cells in the three-dimensional culture group was 2.8 times that of the two-dimensional culture group, indicating that the MSCs significantly promoted the expansion of CD34+CD38-CD45RA-CD90+cells in the Col-Tgel. The percentage of CD34+CD38-CD45RA-CD90+cells in the three-dimensional culture group was increased by 4.5 times compared with the single culture group and increased by 1.5 times compared with the control group. Immunofluorescence staining showed that the cell viability of human MSCs and human umbilical cord blood CD34+cells was not affected after co-cultured in Col-Tgel for 3 days.In the in vivo transplantation experiment,MSC-GFP cells could survive in the medullary cavity.In summary, Col-Tgel provides a new strategy for stem cell culture and in vivo growth by forming a three-dimensional system similar to the physiological environment in vivo.

Objective To investigate the constitution and status of neurosurgery nurses in Beijing,and to provide evidence for the standardization of the hierarchical use of neurosurgery nurses.Methods A serf-designed questionnaire based on characteristic of neurosurgery nursing work was used to investigate 144 neurosurgery nurses' status and their working content.The data Were allalyzed with software SPSS 13.0.Results 82.64%of the nurses had a primary title,and 76.38%of them had a technical secondary school or junior college education background,40.28%of the nurses had been worked for less than 5 years;Nurses with different education backgrounds.title or length of service had no significant difference in"routine work"(P>0.05);There were significant differences between nurses in"professional work",such as"writing nursing document"、"rehabilitation training","operating precision iustnment",etc,and in guiding clinical practice(P<0.05).Conclusions Hidden danger exists in neurosurgery nursing work. All nurses are participating in basal nursing. Nurses with considerable working experience,professional level and age bracket become the main force in specialized nursing,teaching and nursing research.

Biodiesel is renewable and environmentally friendly; however, there are still many challenges for its commercial production as an alternative of petroleum-based transportation fuels, particularly in China with very limited resources for its biofuels development. In this article, the update progress of biodiesel R & D and production is reviewed, with a focus on its feedstock supply, manufacturing processes, quality control and byproduct utilization. It is concluded that the strategy of biorefinery to ultimately explore feedstock potentials will make biodiesel production more economically competitive.
Biofuels ; economics ; Biotechnology ; trends ; Catalysis ; China ; Ethanol ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Plant Oils ; metabolism ; Plants ; chemistry ; genetics

In this study, the buffering capacity of amphiphilic pH-sensitivity copolymer poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline)-cholesteryl methyl carbonate (PEOZ-CHMC) was evaluated. The ammonium sulfate gradient method was used to prepare doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX x HCl)-loaded liposomes (DOX-L), and then the post-insertion method was used to prepare PEOZ-CHMC and polyethylene glycol-distearoyl phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PEG-DSPE) modified DOX x HCl-loaded liposomes (PEOZ-DOX-L and PEG-DOX-L). The physico-chemical properties, in vitro drugs release behavior, cellular toxicity and intracellular delivery of liposomes were evaluated, separately. The results showed that PEOZ-CHMC has a satisfactory buffering capacity. The sephadex G-50 column centrifugation method and dynamic light scattering were used to determine the encapsulation efficiency (EE) and particle size of liposomes. The EE and particle size of DOX-L were (97.3 ± 1.4) % and 120 nm, respectively, and the addition of PEOZ-CHMC or PEG-DSPE had no influence on EE and particle size. The zeta potentials of three kinds of liposomes were negative. The release behavior of various DOX liposomes in vitro was investigated by dialysis method. In phosphate buffer solution (PBS) at pH 7.4, DOX x HCl was released from PEOZ-DOX-L in a sustained manner. While in PBS at pH 5.0, the release rate of DOX x HCl from PEOZ-DOX-L increased significantly, which suggested DOX x HCl was released from PEOZ-DOX-L in a pH-dependent manner. The intracellular delivery of liposomes was investigated by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The CLSM images indicated that PEOZ-DOX-L showed efficient intracellular trafficking including endosomal escape and release DOX x HCl into nucleus, as well as the DOX-L and PEG-DOX-L had no this effect. The cytotoxicity of liposomes against MCF-7 cells was detected by using MTT assay. The results showed that antiproliferative effects of PEOZ-DOX-L enhanced with pH value decreased, whereas DOX-L and PEG-DOX-L did not have any significant difference in inhibitions at different pH conditions. Therefore, the problems of the inhibition of cellular uptake of liposomes and the failed endosomal escape of pH-sensitive liposomes by PEG chain can be overcome by the pH-sensitive liposomes constructed by PEOZ-CHMC.
Cell Nucleus ; Doxorubicin ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; Endosomes ; Formates ; chemistry ; Humans ; Liposomes ; chemistry ; MCF-7 Cells ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Particle Size ; Phosphatidylethanolamines ; Polyamines ; chemistry ; Polyethylene Glycols ; chemistry

Adolescent ; Aortic Valve ; abnormalities ; Aortic Valve Insufficiency ; complications ; pathology ; surgery ; Aortic Valve Stenosis ; complications ; pathology ; surgery ; Child ; Endocarditis ; complications ; pathology ; surgery ; Female ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; complications ; pathology ; surgery ; Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation ; Humans ; Male ; Rheumatic Heart Disease ; complications ; pathology ; surgery

Objective To analyze the efficacy of using da Vinci S robot system to complete the robotassisted laparoscopic radical cystectomy (RARC) orthotopic neobladder and explore the peri-operative nursing care.Methods December 2008 February 2010,four cases of male patients RARC + orthotopic neobladder.Procedure was successful. Focusing on the psychological care before surgery, bowel preparation, and postoperative care focuses on the monitoring of vital signs,drainage tube care,exercise and the new bladder,while actively preventing complications.Results All patients recovered well,without serious complications and with satisfactory effect.Conclusions Robot-assisted laparoscopic radical cystectomy (RARC) + orthotopic bladder was less trauma, safer, reliable, rapid postoperative rehabilitation, scars less, and worthy of application,but subjected to strict nursing process.