Fermentation conditions for the production of spores of Bacillus mucilaginosus mutant 021120 were optimized through the single factor and orthogonal experiments.The results showed that the biomass and formation of spores were obviously affected by carbonate,followed by nitrogen.Addition of CaCO3 and enhancing air flux notably promoted the formation of spores.The optimal culture medium was composed of 2% starch,0.4% Yeast,0.1% K2HPO4,0.1% MgSO4?7H20 and 0.5 %CaCO3,pH7.5.6% of the inoculum prepared with two-stage extensive culture was inoculated into a 70L fermentor.The fermentation was carried out with 2.0~2.5 vvm of air flux at 32℃ for 38~42h,and the spores of 9.80?108 cfu ml-1 was obtained.Under these optimal fermentation conditions,the capsule was successfully controled and the formation of the spores was effectively improved,thus the satisfying bacteial product was obtained.

OBJECTIVEThe research on flavonoid in the recent years is extensive, such as Soybeans flavone, Baicalensis flavone, Epimedium flavone. Experiments show the effects of flavonoid is closely related to human health. There are a lot of reports about Ginkcobiobal flavone. In order to make further progress research on ginlcgobiobal flavone, we sum up the articles and reports on ginlcgobiobal flavone in the recent years.

METHODTo searche the articles about ginlcgobiobal flavone studies in the past five years.

RESULTGinlcgobiobal flavone is not only a vasodilator, but also has the effects of anti-inflammation, analgesia, lowering blood lipids, preventing senile and inhibiting tumor, treating leukaemia, regulating gene and biotransformation.

CONCLUSIONGinlcgobiobal flavone has the potential value for drug research and development.

Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; pharmacology ; Biotransformation ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Flavones ; Flavonoids ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Free Radical Scavengers ; pharmacology ; Ginkgo biloba ; chemistry ; HL-60 Cells ; drug effects ; Humans ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Vasodilator Agents ; pharmacology

Airway Remodeling ; physiology ; Animals ; Asthma ; metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; PPAR gamma ; biosynthesis ; Rats

Objective To identify changes in the occurrence of endemic fluorosis in order to provide scientific basis for making countermeasures. Methods Five villages from 14 counties of mild, moderate and severe fluorosis affected areas were selected by stratified cluster sampling every year in the whole province during 2006 - 2010. Water and urinary fluorine were determined by ion selective electrode method(GB/T 8538-1995); dental fluorosis of children 8-12 years old was diagnosed with Dean method; skeletal fluorosis was diagnosed according to "clinical indexing standards of endemic skeletal fluorosis "(GB 16396-1996), between 2006 and 2008, and "clinical diagnosis standard of endemic skeletal fluorosis"(WS 192-2008) between 2009 and 2010. Results A total of 25 diseased villages were surveyed, 14 with water sources changed, covered a resident population of 8005 people, beneficiary population 7154, and accounting for 89.37% of the resident population; not changed villages 11. In accordance with the "State drinking water health standards", in the 14 changed villages the fluoride in drinking water was qualified (≤ 1.20 mg/L), there were 3 schools whose water fluorine content exceeded the standard; among the 11 villages that did not change water sources 7 drinking water samples fluorine content exceeded the standard. Of the 8 to 12 years old children in villages with changed water sources, 363 of them were checked and 142 dental fluorosis were found, the detection rate of dental fluorosis was 39.12% (142/363); in villages with water sources not changed, 303 children were checked, the detection rate of dental fluorosis was 43.89%(133/303). Of sixteen and elder adults in water source changed villages, 6424 people were checked and 403 skeletal fluorosis were found, skeletal fluorosis detection rate was 6.27% (403/6424); 3572 people were checked in not changed villages, the detection rate of skeletal fluorosis was 13.89%(496/3572). In water sources changed areas, geometric mean of urinary fluoride was in the normal reference value(WS/T 256-2005, 1.40 mg/L)or less. Conclusions Endemic fluorosis is decreased in water improved areas, but in unimproved areas the disease is still severe, and control of endemic fluorosis is still an arduous task.

OBJECTIVETo study the relationship between fumonisin biosynthesis gene and toxicity of Fusarium moniliforme isolated in China.

METHODSThe toxigenic gene of 29 Fusarium moniliforme isolated from different provinces and varied food samples were determined. Eighteen fum5-positive strains were selected for biosyhesizing fumonisin and determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

RESULTSTwenty-six isolates were identified as fum5 gene positive strains. And all of these strains produced FB(1), FB(2) and FB(3). The amount of FB(1), FB(2) and FB(3) was ranging from 0.41-140.20 mg/kg, 0.06-14.30 mg/kg to 0.30-58.00 mg/kg, except one strain produced a lower level of FB(1) only. It wight be the first report showing a high level fumonisin-producing strain isolated from the sesame sample and identified in the world. The amount of FB(1), FB(2) and FB(3) produced by the isolate was 128.84 mg/kg, 11.80 mg/kg and 14.88 mg/kg.

CONCLUSIONSIt should have a close relationship between fumonisins biosynthesis gene and toxicity of Fusarium moniliforme isolated in China. The study demonstrated that strain of Fusarium moniliforme might contaminate the sesame sample and produce a high level of fumonisins.

China ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Food Contamination ; analysis ; prevention & control ; Fumonisins ; analysis ; metabolism ; Fungal Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Fusarium ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; Sesamum ; microbiology

ObjectiveTo investigate the iodine nutritional status of pregnant women,newborn heel blood thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH) level and their relationship with urinary iodine(UI) level during pregnancy in Zhoupu and Kangqiao districts of Pudong New Area of Shanghai.Methods A total of 993 urinary samples(the first,second and third trimesters of pregnancy were 200 people,respectively),breast feeding(193 people) and non-pregnant women (200 people) in Zhoupu and Kangqiao districts of Pudong New area were collected from Apr 2009 to Dec 2010.Two hundred copies of neonatal heel blood samples were collected.Median of UI was measured by arsenic-cerium catalysis.TSH in neonatal heel blood was analyzed 72 h after birth by time resolved fluoroisnmunoassay(TRFIA).ResultsMedian UI of all pregnant women was 161.35 μg/L,and that in third trimesters of pregnancy( 126.35 μg/L) was lower than that of the first,the second,the breast feeding and non-pregnant women (178.80,180.50,167.90,163.40 μg/L,all P＜ 0.05).The percentage of UI level less than 150 μg/L in the third trimester[57.5％(115/200) ] was higher than that of the first[39.0％(78/200) ],the second[39.5％(79/200) ],the breast feeding [ 16.6％ (32/193) ] and non-pregnant women [ 23.0％ (46/200) ],respectively (all P ＜ 0.05).The percentage of UI level higher than 300 μg/L in the first [9.0％(18/200)],the second[8.0％(16/200) ] and the third trimester [ 5.0％ ( 10/200 ) ] of pregnancy was lower than that of the breast feeding [ 20.2％ (39/193) ] and nonpregnant [20.5％(41/200) ] women,respectively(all P ＜ 0.05).The level of neonatal heel blood TSH was(2.92 ± 1.83)mU/L,the range was 0.01 - 9.76 mU/L,11.0％(22/200) of the neonates heel blood TSH level(5 mU/L)exceeded the ratio of World Health Organization (WHO) standard ( ＜ 3％ ) suitable for iodine nutrition.Conclusions The overall level of iodine nutrition among pregnant women in Zhoupu and Kangqiao districts of Pudong New Area of Shanghai is in the appropriate range,but the pregnant women in the third trimester is in mild iodine deficiencies,and the neonates in these districts may be prone to iodine deficiency.Monitoring of iodine nutrition of pregnant women should be strengthened and iodine supplementation should be done scientifically.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effects of hippophae juice on free radical metabolism of rat skeletal muscle and partial biomarkers in blood.

METHODSRandomly dividing the 30 SD rats into 3 groups (n = 10): sedentary group, training group and hippophae training group. Measuring related indices of skeletal muscle and blood in rat after 6 week training and hippophae juice supplement.

RESULTSCompared with training group, hippophae training group showed obviously longer exhaustive time, significantly increased antioxidant enzyme in skeletal muscle, remarkably decreased malonaldehyde (MDA) content in skeletal muscle, obviously increased testosterone (T) and hemoglobin (Hb) content in blood, significantly decreased creatine kinase (CK).

CONCLUSIONHippophae juice can impove the antioxidant ability of rat skeletal muscle, the level of T and Hb in blood, delay fatigue, therefore effectively enhance the aerobic stamina of rat.

Animals ; Creatine Kinase ; blood ; Free Radicals ; metabolism ; Hemoglobins ; metabolism ; Hippophae ; Male ; Muscle, Skeletal ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Testosterone ; blood

Objective To explore the relationship between dynamic changes in ultra-micro-structural of pulmonary arteries and endogenous hydrogen sulfide in rats with left-right shunt.Methods Rats in shunt group were subjected to an abdominal aorta-inferior vena cava shunt to create an animal model of pulmonary artery structural remodeling. After 1 day, 3 days, 1 week, 4 weeks and 8 weeks of experiment, the ultra-micro-morphologic changes of pulmonary arteries of rats were observed under electronic microscope and H_2S concentration in serum was evaluated by modified sulfide electrode method.Results The changes of ultra-micro-structure of pulmonary arteries were progressively exacerbated, endothelial cells became swollen and large in size on 3 days, smooth muscular cells increased in size as well as the change of endothelial cells in 1 week, and they changed from contractile phenotype to synthetic phenotype in 4 weeks.Conclusions Shunt exhibited changes of ultra-micro-structure of pulmonary arteries are accompanied by the changes of endogenous H_2S. It is suggested that endogenous H_2S might play a protective role in changes of ultra-micro-structure of pulmonary artery.

OBJECTIVETo establish a novel severe aplastic anemia (SAA) mouse model by interferon-γ (IFN-γ) plus busulphan.

METHODSThirty clean-class BALB/c female mice were intraperitoneally injected with IFN-γ and intragastrically administrated with busulphan (group I), meanwhile busulphan alone group (n = 30, group II) and normal control group (n = 30, group III). Multi-parameters were compared among the three groups.

RESULTSIn group I at day 10 after treatment, the incidence of SAA was 100% and mortality 20% respectively; the WBC, HGB, PLT, absolute reticulocyte count (Ret) and tibial nucleated cell count (TNCC) were (0.8 ± 0.3) × 10(9)/L, (45 ± 20) g/L, (10 ± 8) × 10(9)/L, (15.2 ± 10.2) × 10(9)/L, (12 ± 7) × 10(6)/tibia, respectively, which were significantly different from the other two groups (all P < 0.05). The bone marrow smears and patho-histological examinations showed marked reductions of marrow cell proliferation, and increases of the percentages of non-hematopoietic cells and cellular adipose. The depression was severe and irreversible. In group II, the blood cells count, TNCC and marrow proliferation recovered gradually with erythroid hyperplasia and hematopoietic dysplasia.

CONCLUSIONSIFN-γ plus busulphan can establish a SAA mouse model in a relatively short period, which is more resemble with human SAA.

Anemia, Aplastic ; chemically induced ; Animals ; Busulfan ; adverse effects ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Interferon-gamma ; adverse effects ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C

OBJECTIVETo compare the differences between full-term and VLBW premature infants at term equivalent for the whole and sub-regional corpus callosum areas in order to provide reference for monitoring the extrauterine development of corpus callosum in VLBW premature infants.

METHODSBrain MR image data of 24 term infants with a gestational age of 39 weeks were collected within 24 hours after birth. Brain MR image of 30 VLBW neonates at 39 weeks' gestational age equivalent were successfully obtained. Routine T1WI, T2WI and DWI were applied. T1-weighted images on the mid-sagittal slice were selected, analyzed and measured. Forty-nine eligible MR images of them were chosen, 21 cases from the full-term infant group and 28 cases from the premature infant group. Corpus callosum and brain MR images were then sketched by two radiographic doctors. All data were analyzed by the Image Processing Function of MATLAB R2010a, and the whole corpus callosum and six sub-regions were obtained.

RESULTSThe whole corpus callosum, anterior mid-body, posterior mid-body, isthmus and splenium area in the premature infant group were smaller than those in the full-term infant group (P<0.05), but the differences of Genu and rostral body area between the two groups was not statistically significant (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe areas of the whole corpus callosum, anterior mid-body, posterior mid-body, isthmus and splenium in VLBW preterm infants at term are reduced, suggesting that the posterior end of the corpus callosum is probably most vulnerable to insults following pathogenic factors.

Corpus Callosum ; anatomy & histology ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Infant, Very Low Birth Weight ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging