Aged ; Giant Cells ; pathology ; Humans ; Male ; Stomach Neoplasms ; pathology

In order to investigate the influencing factors of 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde (5-HMF) content in Schisandra, confirm the theory of 5-HMF deriving mainly from Schisandra processing course, and give some suggestions about the Schisandra processing method, the 5-HMF contents in decoctions of Schisandra under different heating temperature, decocting time, soaking time, processing methods and treatment with different solvents before decocting the Schisandra were measured by RP-HPLC method. The results showed that there is great difference of 5-HMF level in decoctions from differently processed Schisandra and unprocessed Schisandra; decocting time of 60 min has some effects on 5-HMF level in decoctions and there is certain quantity 5-HMF in processed Schisandra itself and very little 5-HMF in unprocessed Schisandra. Heating time, heating temperature and treating solvents all have effect on 5-HMF level in decoction of Schisandra. 5-HMF in Schisandra was mainly from processing course. Both long heating time and high heating temperature can increase 5-HMF level in Schisandra. The production of 5-HMF in Schisandra may have some relationships with some polar components, which can dissolve in water, ethanol and acetone, especially in ethanol. To control processing temperature, processing time and treatment with some solvent is very important for controlling 5-HMF level in Schisandra.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Furaldehyde ; analogs & derivatives ; analysis ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; Schisandra ; chemistry ; Temperature ; Time Factors

Two strategies, direct ligation after enzyme digestion and over-lap PCR technology, were adopted to construct a fusion gene which was composed of the antimelanoma single chain antibody gene and the staphylococcal enterotoxin A gene without N-terminal signal sequence. The fusion gene was subcloned into pET28-a vector and transformed into E. coli BL21(DE3). Ni-NTA system was selected to separate and purify the expresstd products. The inhibition ratio of the fusion protein was tested by MTT method. It is shown that the 6His-ScFv-SEA fusion protein can be expressed stably in E. coli BL21 (DE3). The quantity of the fusion protein was shown up to 30% of the total protein of the bacteria and mainly in inclusion body. By activation the effective cells, the fution protein can inhibit the melanoma cell whith expressed corresponding antigen.
Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Enterotoxins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Escherichia coli ; genetics ; metabolism ; Humans ; Inclusion Bodies ; genetics ; metabolism ; Melanoma ; drug therapy ; immunology ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Single-Chain Antibodies ; genetics ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo study the clinicopathologic features, diagnostic criteria, differential diagnosis and treatment options of ovarian steroid cell tumor, not otherwise specified (NOS).

METHODSLight microscopy and immunohistochemical study was carried out in 8 cases of ovarian steroid cell tumor, NOS. The literature was reviewed.

RESULTSThe 7 cases of benign ovarian steroid cell tumor, NOS were composed mainly of polygonal cells with granular eosinophilic cytoplasm and larger cells with vacuolated cytoplasm. They resembled the architecture of normal adrenal gland, with formation of cell nests and trabeculae. The single case of malignant ovarian steroid cell tumor had evidence of significant cellular pleomorphism, haemorrhage and coagulative tumor necrosis. The mitotic count measured about 7 per 10 high-power fields. Immunohistochemical study showed that the tumor cells expressed calretinin and alpha-inhibin. Differential diagnosis included oxyphilic granulosa cell tumor, thecoma, Sertoli cell tumor and clear cell carcinoma. The treatment options of benign ovarian steroid cell tumor, NOS was local excision or ipsilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, while the malignant counterpart should be treated with a combination of surgery and chemotherapy, including administration of GnRH agonist.

CONCLUSIONSOvarian steroid cell tumor, NOS, is the most common type of ovarian steroid cell tumors. Most of which are associated with a benign clinical outcome. Immunohistochemistry is an important adjunct for diagnosis. The treatment options of ovarian steroid cell tumor, NOS depend on its malignant potential.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Calbindin 2 ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Granulosa Cell Tumor ; pathology ; Humans ; Inhibins ; metabolism ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Ovariectomy ; methods ; Ovary ; pathology ; S100 Calcium Binding Protein G ; metabolism ; Sertoli Cell Tumor ; pathology ; Sex Cord-Gonadal Stromal Tumors ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Thecoma ; pathology ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo determine the serum level and mRNA expression of type-1/type-2 cytokines of T lymphocytes in spleens of rats after thermal injury and to investigate the effects of escharectomy during burn shock stage on IFN-gamma and IL-4.

METHODSOne hundred and sixty male Wistar rats were randomized into four groups. In group A, animals were not subjected to escharectomy. In groups B, C and D, escharectomy and skin allograft were performed at 8, 24, 96 hours postburn (PB) respectively. At 4, 12, 24, 48, 96, 120 and 168 hours PB, animals were killed and blood and spleens samples were harvested. ELISA was applied to determine the concentration of IFN-gamma and IL-4 in serum. The expression pattern of IFN-gamma and IL-4 were observed at mRNA level in T lymphocytes isolated from spleen by RT-PCR.

RESULTSThe serum level of IFN-gamma and IL-4 rose rapidly and significantly after scald injury, expression of IFN-gamma and IL-4 mRNA in rats' T lymphocyte were also up-regulated spontaneously. The serum level of IFN-gamma and its mRNA expression began to rise within 4 hours PB, peaking at 24 hours PB. Whereas IL-4 and its mRNA expression showed a persistent elevation. Thereby leading to a dominant tendency of Th2 cytokine response on 7 d PB. In group A all above parameters revealed most obvious changes compared with controls, then ranked in group D, B and C.

CONCLUSIONEscharectomy during burn shock stage is helpful to decrease the harmful over expression of Th2-type lymphocyte after severe thermal injury.

Animals ; Burns ; metabolism ; surgery ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Interferon-gamma ; genetics ; metabolism ; Interleukin-4 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Male ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Shock, Traumatic ; metabolism ; surgery ; Spleen ; cytology ; T-Lymphocytes ; metabolism ; Time Factors

OBJECTIVETo determine the clinical application of pulsed Doppler tissue imaging in assessing the left ventricular diastolic function and in discriminating between normal subjects and patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with various stages of diastolic dysfunction.

METHODSWe measured the peak diastolic velocities of mitral annulus in 81 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with various stages of diastolic dysfunction and 50 normal volunteers by Doppler tissue imaging using the apical window at 2-chamber and long apical views, respectively. The myocardial velocities were determined with use of variance F statistical analysis.

RESULTSEarly diastolic myocardial velocities of mitral annulus were higher in normal subjects than in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with either delayed relaxation, pseudonormal filling, or restrictive filling. However, peak myocardial velocities of mitral annulus during atrial contraction were similar in normal subjects and patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

CONCLUSIONDoppler tissue imaging can directly reflect upon left diastolic ventricular function. Early phase of diastole was the best discriminator between control subjects and patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Adult ; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology ; Diastole ; physiology ; Echocardiography, Doppler ; methods ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Ventricular Function, Left

OBJECTIVETo establish a simple, reproducible, and practical mechanical injury model of hippocampal neurons of Sprague-Dawley rats in vitro.

METHODSHippocampal neurons isolated from 1-2-day old rats were cultured in vitro. Mild, moderate and severe mechanical injuries were delivered to the neurons by syringe needle tearing, respectively. The control neurons were treated identically with the exception of trauma. Cell damage was assessed by measuring the Propidium Iodide (PI) uptaking at different time points (0.5, 1, 6, 12 and 24 hours) after injury. The concentration of neuron specific enolase was also measured at some time points.

RESULTSPathological examination showed that degeneration, degradation and necrosis occurred in the injured cultured neurons. Compared with the control group, the ratio of PI-positive cells in the injured groups increased significantly after 30 minutes of injury (P<0.05). More severe the damage was, more PI-positive neurons were detected. Compared with the control group, the concentration of neuron specific enolase in the injured culture increased significantly after 1 hour of injury (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe established model of hippocampal neuron injury in vitro can be repeated easily and can simulate the damage mechanism of traumatic brain injury, which can be used in the future research of traumatic brain injury.

Analysis of Variance ; Animals ; Brain Injuries ; enzymology ; pathology ; Equipment Design ; Hippocampus ; enzymology ; injuries ; In Vitro Techniques ; Neurons ; enzymology ; pathology ; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase ; biosynthesis ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reproducibility of Results

OBJECTIVETo study the clinicopathologic features and prognosis of primary lymphoma of breast.

METHODSForty cases of primary breast lymphoma, diagnosed according to the 2008 World Health Organization classification of hematopoietic and lymphoid tumors, were retrospectively studied. Immunohistochemistry was performed by SP method. The follow-up data were analyzed.

RESULTS(1) All the patients were females and the median age was 47 years. Unilateral and bilateral breast involvement were noted in 36 and 4 patients, respectively. The number of tumor were 31 cases (77.5%, 31/40) less than 3, and 9 cases (22.5%, 9/40) were 3 and more than 3. According to Ann Arbor staging system, 33 cases (82.5%) were in stage I to II and 7 cases (17.5%) in stage III to IV. The level of LDH in 9 cases (24.3%, 9/37) went up. For ECOG scores, 34 cases (85.0%) were 0 to 1 score and 6 cases (15.0%) were more than 2 scores. With respect to international prognostic index, 83.8% (31/37) were of score 0 to 2 and 16.2% (6/37) were of score 3 and more than 3. The axillary lymph nodes of 21 patients (53.8%, 21/39) were involved by the malignancy. (2) Histologically, 38 cases (95.0%, 38/40) were classified as B-cell lymphoma [including 27 cases (67.5%) of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, 8 cases (20.0%) of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma, 2 cases of follicular lymphoma and 1 case of lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma]. The remaining cases included one case of peripheral T-cell lymphoma and one case of lymphoblastic lymphoma. Immunohistochemically, expression of CD20+/- CD79a were demonstrated in the 38 cases (95.0%) of B-cell lymphoma. The staining for CK was negative in all cases. In 33 cases, the positive rates of MUM-1, bcl-6 and bcl-2 were 57.6% (19/33), 30.3% (10/33) and 72.7% (24/33), respectively. Three cases were germinal center B cell phenotype and 21 cases were non-germinal center B cell phenotype. (3) Follow-up information was available in 37 patients (92.5%, 37/40). Twenty-three patients (62.2%, 23/37) were still alive and fourteen ones (37.8%, 14/37) died. For the 27 cases with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, the five-year and disease-free survival rates were 48.0% and 36.0%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONSPrimary breast lymphoma is a rare disease entity. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is the commonest histologic type and the majority show a non-germinal center B cell phenotype. The level of LDH, number of tumor and international prognostic index are of prognostic significance.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Antigens, CD20 ; metabolism ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Breast Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; CD79 Antigens ; metabolism ; Cyclophosphamide ; therapeutic use ; Disease-Free Survival ; Doxorubicin ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Interferon Regulatory Factors ; metabolism ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase ; blood ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Lymphoma ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Lymphoma, Follicular ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Mastectomy ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Prednisone ; therapeutic use ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; Vincristine ; therapeutic use ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate a method for the repair of tissue defect.

METHODSAllogenic acellular dermal matrixes (ADM) were implanted to full-thickness skin defects made on the dorsa of rats. Two weeks later, autologous suspended epidermal cells were transplanted on to the surface of vascularized ADM. Respectively, neoepidermis was macroscopically observed 2, 3, 5 weeks after grafting, and samples were taken to make routine paraffin sections for microscopical examination, and immunohistochemical staining for type IV collagen was also performed.

RESULTSThe vascularized ADM could support proliferation and differentiation of epidermal cells, and also could promote the formation of dermal-epidermal junction. Suspended epidermal cells in an artificial culture system in vivo could develop into mature epidermis. The reconstructed skin not only looked like the normal one in appearance in which hair was removed, but also revealed a better function.

CONCLUSIONSFull-thickness skin defect can be repaired by transplanting autologous epidermal cell suspension on to vascularized ADM.

Animals ; Cell Transplantation ; Dermis ; cytology ; Epidermis ; cytology ; Extracellular Matrix ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Skin ; injuries ; Skin Transplantation ; methods ; Soft Tissue Injuries ; surgery ; Suspensions ; Tissue Engineering ; Transplantation, Heterologous ; Wound Healing

OBJECTIVETo study the correlation between brain edema, elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) and cell apoptosis in traumatic brain injury (TBI).

METHODSIn this study, totally 42 rabbits in 7 groups were studied. Six of the animals were identified as a control group, and the remaining 36 animals were equally divided into 6 TBI groups. TBI models were produced by the modified method of Feeney. After the impact, ICP of each subject was recorded continuously by an ICP monitor until the animal was sacrificed at scheduled time. The apoptotic brain cells were detected by an terminal deoxynucleotide-transferase-mediated dUTP-digoxigenin nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Cerebral water content (CWC) was measured with a drying method and calculated according to the Elliott formula. Then, an analysis was conducted to determine the correlation between the count of apoptotic cells and the clinical pathological changes of the brain.

RESULTSApoptotic cell count began to increase 2 h after the impact, and reached its maximum about 3 days after the impact. The peak value of CWC and ICP appeared 1 day and 3 days after the impact, respectively. Apoptotic cell count had a positive correlation with CWC and ICP.

CONCLUSIONSIn TBI, occurrence of brain edema and ICP increase might lead to apoptosis of brain cells. Any therapy which can relieve brain edema and/or decrease ICP would be able to reduce neuron apoptosis, thereby to attenuate the secondary brain damage.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; Brain Edema ; etiology ; metabolism ; pathology ; Brain Injuries ; complications ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Cell Count ; Disease Models, Animal ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Intracranial Hypertension ; etiology ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Male ; Necrosis ; genetics ; pathology ; Rabbits ; Reference Values ; Telencephalon ; metabolism ; Water ; metabolism