Enterovirus A, Human ; Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease ; virology ; Humans

Objective To observe the expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG), receptor activator of nuclear factor κβ ligand(RANKL) and receptor activator of nuclear factor κβ (RANK) in bone tissue of rats with chronic fluorosis and to explore the relation between OPG/RANKL/RANK system and bone damage in chronic fluoride poisoning rat and the antagonism effects of Danlan Xianpeng capsule. Methods SD rats were randomly divided into six groups according to body weight (equal male and female in each group): fluorosis group, high dose drug group, medium dose drug group, low dose drug group, control group, borax group(positive control), 12 rats in each group. The control group drank tap water and the remaining 5 experimental groups consumed 50 mg/L fluoride water, and high, medium and low doses drug group took Danlan Xianpeng capsule at doses of 0.8,0.4,0.2 g/kg,borax group took borax at dose of 0.8 g/kg. OPG, RANKL, RANK protein in rat tibial metaphysis was detected by immunohistochemistry at the 6 month. Results Compared with the control group(173.79 ± 5.23, 174.17 ± 5.01,155.63 ± 7.11), the expressions of OPG, RANKL were increased and the expression of RANK was decreased in fluorosis group(156.83 ± 5.80, 157.74 ± 6.70, 173.92 ± 4.37), the difference was statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05). Compared with the fluorosis group, the expression of OPG and RANKL were decreased and the expression of RANK was increased in high-dose drug group, middle-dose drug group(169.67±5.07, 168.08 ± 5.05,162.12 ± 4.24, 170.78 ± 5.01, 168.41 ± 7.19, 166.69 ± 5.78, all P ＜ 0.05). Compared with the borax group (167.27 ± 4.08, 167.85 ± 5.01, 166.14 ± 3.95), the expression of OPG and RANKL was increased in the low-dose drug group (163.40 ± 4.11, 159.49 ± 5.78), the expression of RANK was increased in the high-dose drug group (162.12 ± 4.24) and decreased in the low-dose drug group(171.54 ± 8.06), the difference was statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05). Conclusions Chronic fluoride poisoning can cause increased bone turnover and enhance the activity of osteoelastic absorption by increasing RANKL. Danlan Xianpeng capsule can affect bone remodeling through the OPG/RANKL/RANK system, and antagonises bone damage caused by fluoride.

Hematologic Diseases ; Hemolysis ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn

At the beginning of the 1980s, a concept of viable but non-culturable(VBNC) was suggested. VBNC is a survival strategy adopted by microorganisms when they are exposed to environmental stress. This article try to make a summary of research of the conditions of VBNC formation, recovery of culturability and methods of VBNC cells detection. In addition, introduces the first growth factor of microorganisms-Rpf.

This project is targeted on exploring some improving approaches to isolate and culture the microorganisms which are difficult to be isolated and cultured through the conventional ways. The results showed that betaine, sodium pyruvate, SOD and catalase are helpful for increasing the total number and variety of isolated strains. A kind of combined method was also used to isolate the micro-colony which can not be seen by naked eyes on the plates. Totally 52 Actinomycetes and 103 bacteria and 17 fungi were obtained from 4 soil samples using the above methods. 4. 325% microorganisms were obtained as positive strains to inhibit the growth of some kinds of test bacteria, which is higher than the percent using generally isolated ones. These microbial natural products may remain an important resource for the drug discovery.

Animals ; Diaphragm ; physiopathology ; Electrophysiological Phenomena ; physiology ; Hypoxia ; physiopathology ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Sleep Apnea Syndromes ; physiopathology

AlM:To investigate the changes of retinal histology and oxidative stress in diabetic retinopathy and its reversal by pyruvate in diabetic rats.
METHODS: Eighty Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups:control group ( 20 rats ) , model group ( 30 rats ) and treatment group ( 30 rats ) . After streptozotocin ( STZ) induced diabetes mellitus in the model group and the treatment group, the treatment group received 2%pyruvate in diet and drinking. The changes of body weight and blood glucose were observed and the changes of glutathione peroxidase ( GSH-PX ) , malonie dialdehyde ( MDA) , and Na+-K+-ATPase levels of retinal tissue and retinal ultrastructure were investigated in three groups at 12wk after occurrence of diabetes.
RESULTS: Compared with control group, the body weight of the model group were significantly decreased, the activities of GSH-PX and ATP in the retina of diabetic rats were significantly lower, the MDA was signigicantly higher and significant changes occurred in retinal ultrastructure. Compared with model group, the blood glucose of the treatment group had no significant changes. However, the activities of GSH and ATP in the retina of diabetic rats were higher, the MDA was lower and the retinal ultrastructure was comparatively mild.
CONCLUSlON:Pyruvate can alleviate oxidatie stress reaction, improve the energy metabolism of retina, and delay the development of retinopathy.

AIM:To evaluate the clinical therapeutic efficacy of the Qi ming granule for macular edema ( ME ) in diabetic patients after phacoemulsification.
METHODS:In this was a prospective clinical comparison study, 57 diabetic patients ( 76 eyes ) who underwent phacoemulsification were recruited and divided into two groups:treatment group (34 eyes) and control group (42 eyes) . All the patients in treatment group were given oral administration Qi ming granule (4. 5g, tid) and vitamin C ( 0. 1g, tid ) for 6mo postoperatively, while vitamin C ( 0.1g, tid ) for the controls. General clinical examinations, including blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin, as well as comprehensive standardized ophthalmic examinations were performed. Optical coherence tomography ( OCT ) were used to detect macular edema incidence and measure central field retinal thickness.
RESULTS: No significant difference was found in the levels of blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, course of disease, and macular thickness between the two groups during the initial visits. At the 6th month, 2 eyes ( 6%) eyes had clinically apparent macular edema in treatment group, while 6 ( 14%) eyes had clinically apparent macular edema in control group (P=0. 285). The central subfield retinal thickness values were significantly lower in the treatment group ( 211. 76±41. 21μm ) than those in control group (278. 36±48. 94μm) (P<0. 01).
CONCLUSION:Qi ming granule can significantly reduce the incidences of macular edema and suppresses increasing retinal thickening after phacoemulsification in patients with diabetes mellitus.

Objective To assess the memory function of hyperthyroid patients at different disease durations and investigate the value of cerebral blood flow (CBF) imaging in the detection of memory dysfunction in related regions.Methods Thirty-seven hyperthyroid patients (10 males,27 females; mean age (39.27± 10.58) years) and 28 healthy volunteers (8 males,20 females; mean age (35.80±9.41) years) were enrolled into this prospective study.The patients were divided into two subgroups: short duration group (duration ≤ 6 months; n =15),long duration group (duration ＞6 months ; n =22).Wechsler memory scale was used for memory assessment,and cancellation test was used for attention assessment.Self-rating depressions scale (SDS) and self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) were used for mood disorder assessment.99Tcm-ECD SPECT CBF imaging was performed at rest for all patients and controls on the same day.SPM 2.0 was used to investigate the differences of rCBF between the two groups.Two independent samples t test was used for the comparisons of memory and attention scores between patients and controls,also between patients with short and long disease durations.Multiple stepwise regression was used for factor analysis of memory state.Results Scale total score (92.27±17.50 vs 101.75±11.70; t=-2.476)and memory quotient (91.32±17.76 vs 100.29±9.43 ; t =-2.421) were significant different between patients and controls (both P＜0.05).The scale total score and memory quotient in patients with long disease duration were significant lower than those of controls(88.77±16.69 vs 101.75±11.70,t=-3.231; 86.18±16.73 vs 100.29±9.43,t=3.770,both P＜0.05).The memory quotient was significant lower in patients with long disease duration than those with short disease duration(86.10± 17.13 vs 98.87± 17.00; t =2.212,P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in memory quotient and scale total score between short duration group and controls (t=-0.754,0.910,both P＞0.05).CBF was reduced in the limbic system of hyperthyroid patients and the involved area was larger in patients with long disease duration.Age,attention score,serum FT4 level and reduced CBF in left pulvina nuclei,left lateral geniculate body and right amygdale were the statistically significant factors for impaired memory function in hyperthyroid patients (b=-0.393-0.685,all P＜0.05).Conclusions Memory impairment could be significant in hyperthyroid patients with long disease duration.CBF imaging could reflect the degree of dysfunction at specific brain regions responsible for memory impairment in these patients.

Objective To amplify all immunoglobulin V genes of human atherosclerosis by PCR and to sequence the products of PCR cloned into T-vector. Methods Peripheral blood samples of 50 patients with atherosclerosis were collected,from which lymphocytes were segregated by density gradient centrifugation and total RNA was extracted by TRIzol reagent.V genes of VL(including VK and V?) and VH were amplified by RT-PCR,and the products were digested by restriction enzyme and then cloned into T-vector.Two clones were picked randomly to sequence.(Results)Total RNA were extracted purely with integrity,and all V genes of VL and VH were amplified by PCR successfully.The sequences were highly homologous to human immunoglobulin genes. Conclusion All immunoglobulin V genes of human artherosclerosis were amplified successfully,which lays a foundation for the construction and (selection) of phage library.