Enterovirus A, Human ; Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease ; virology ; Humans

Rhynchophylla is a Chinese herb commonly used in clinical practice. It's also the primary herb of some famous Chinese herbal compound such as Tianma Gouteng decoction, and Lingyang Gouteng decoction. According the record from many previous materia medica literatures, rhynchophylla should be added later during decoction. Pharmaceutical research showed that rhynchophylla alkaloids were not stable. Which has resulted in many problems in the research and its application. For example, there was not a quantitative determination method in "Chinese Pharmacopoeia" of past and present versions, which seriously impacted its quality control and product application. Firstly, records from previous materia medica literatures and "Chinese Pharmacopoeia" were systematically sorted based on the chemical stability of rhynchophylla. Secondly, pharmaceutical research including chemical compositions and their stability, pharmacological effects, extraction process and quality analysis, was reviewed after reference of literatures published at home and abroad in recent decades. Positive reference and evidence for further research and development of rhynchophylla will be provided in the article.
Animals ; Drug Stability ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Quality Control ; Uncaria ; chemistry

OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) and TRAIL treatment on cell proliferation and apoptosis for ER positive breast cancer cell line MCF-7. METHODS: Human breast cell lines (MCF-7) were evaluated for the expressions of cell viability, cell apoptosis and cell cycle by muse cell analyzer. The mRNA levels of related apoptotic factors in MCF-7 cells were detected by real time PCR and solid phase apoptosis antibody microarray. RESULTS: After the combination with SAHA and TRAIL, the ability of cell proliferation and cell viability were depressed, and the cell apoptosis was induced. The cell cycle assay showed that the MCF-7 cells were arrested in G0/G1 phase with SAHA and TRAIL treatment. CONCLUSION: The combinatorial treatment of SAHA and TRAIL has a significantly inhibitory effect on cell growths of ER positive breast cancer MCF-7 cell.

Nowadays,small peptides are always expressed in the form of fusion protein.The expression product contains many superfluous amino acids which can affect the biological functions of small peptides even expressed by GST fusion protein expression system.SUMO protease can cut SUMO fusion protein expressed by fusion expression system without any amino acid residues left on target protein thus become a hot topic in this field.Recombinant His-UlP1/pET3c/BL21(DE3)engineering strain was constructed by genetic engineering technology and the expression conditions were optimized in shake flaks.The process of high density fermentation was explored and different purification conditions were detected by chromatography.The results showed that SUMO protease could be expressed well after inducing the engineering strain by IPTG of 1.0mmol/L at 30℃ for 6 hours.The expression level of the strain in fermentation pots could reach 24.3% analyzed by SDS-PAGE.The purity of SUMO protease was more than 98% after further purification by cation exchange chromatography.The yield was 355mg SUMO protease per liter fermentation liquid.Western blot analysis demonstrated that there were immune reactions between IlP1 and 6?His antibodies,so it has established a good foundation for large-scale industralazation in the future.

Commercial production of bioethanol from lignocellulosic hydrolysates requires efficient fermenting strains. The abilities of the strain to converting all types of sugars in the hydrolysate to ethanol in high yield and to effectively tolerating/metabolizing inhibitors are necessary. Genome shuffling is a novel method for breeding, and it has been applied in pharmaceutical and food industry. This review summarized the technique of genome shuffling including principle, process, applications and its prospect for strains improvement in ethanol production from lignocellulosic hydrolysates.

Hydrolytic amino acids were extracted by acid hydrolysis method, then derivatized with phenyl isothiocyanate (PITC). And the samples were analysed by HPLC on an Ultimate Prime C18 (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) column with gradient elution of 0.1 mol x L(-1) sodium acetate buffer solution (adjusted to pH 6. 5)-acetonitrile (93:7) (A) and acetonitrile-water (8:2) (B) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL x min(-1). Column temperature was 40 degrees C and the detected wavelength was 254 nm. Amino acids derivative solution remained stable in 36 hours. The response was linear for 16 amino acids with a correlation coefficient r > 0.999 5. The average recoveries were 98.01% -101.8%. The method is reliable with good accuracy and repeatability, which is useful for the determination of amino acids in Galli Gigerii Endothelium Corneum.
Amino Acids ; analysis ; Animals ; Chickens ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Chromatography, Reverse-Phase ; Endothelium ; chemistry ; Gizzard, Avian ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of nitrogen forms on the camptothecin (CPT) content, tryptophan synthase (TSB) and tryptophan decarboxylase (TDC) activities in Camptotheca acuminata seedlings.

METHODThe seedlings of C. acuminata with 6 pairs of leaves were subjected to 5 different NH4(+) -N/NO3(-) -N ratio (0 : 100, 75 : 25, 50 : 50, 25 : 75, 100 : 0) treatments by sand culture in a greenhouse. The CPT content, TSB activity in the young leaves and TDC in the stem barks of the seedlings were determined by HPLC on the 15th, 30th, 45th, 60th and 75th day, respectively.

RESULTThe obvious relationship between CPT content and nitrogen forms was observed. When NH4(+) - N /NO3(-) -N ratio was 25 : 75, CPT accumulation in young leaves displayed the best advantages (the highest value is 5.69 per thousand) and increased in the early 30 days of treatment and then declined. There was no obvious relationship between TSB activity in the young leaves and nitrogen forms. TDC activity in the stem bark was the highest when NH4(+) -N /NO3(-) -N ratio was 25 : 75, and the change of TDC activity paralleled to CPT content in the young leaves.

CONCLUSIONA short-term treatment that NH4(+) -N /NO3(-) -N ratio was 25:75 may gain high CPT content in the young leaves through enhancing the TDC activity in the stem bark of C. acuminata seedlings.

Aromatic-L-Amino-Acid Decarboxylases ; metabolism ; Camptotheca ; drug effects ; enzymology ; metabolism ; Camptothecin ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; metabolism ; Nitrogen ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Plant Leaves ; drug effects ; enzymology ; metabolism ; Seedlings ; drug effects ; enzymology ; metabolism ; Tryptophan Synthase ; metabolism

Animals ; Diaphragm ; physiopathology ; Electrophysiological Phenomena ; physiology ; Hypoxia ; physiopathology ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Sleep Apnea Syndromes ; physiopathology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of nitrogen concentration on the camptothecin (CPT) content in Camptotheca acuminata seedlings:

METHODThe seedlings of C. acuminata with 6 pair of leaves were subjected to five nitrogen concentrations treatments by sand culture in a greenhouse. The CPT content in the seedlings was determined by HPLC on the 20th, 35th, 50th, 65th and 80th day respectively.

RESULTThe CPT content in the young leaves of C. acuminata seedlings supplied with different nitrogen concentration was significantly higher than that in other organs (P < 0.01), and it showed a single peak curve with the time course, the highest CPT content was observed on the 50th day after treatment. The CPT content in the young leaves obviously declined with increasing nitrogen concentration, and it reached the highest (6.72%) when nitrogen concentration was 4 mmol x L(-1), equal to 1.1 times that of 16 mmol x L(-1) nitrogen.

CONCLUSIONThe results demonstrate that proper deficient nitrogen stress can significantly enhance CPT accumulation in young leaves of C. acuminata seedlings.

Camptotheca ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Camptothecin ; metabolism ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Nitrogen ; pharmacology ; Seedlings ; drug effects ; metabolism

The chemical consitituents from cytotoxic fraction of the Callicarpa nudiflora extract were isolated and purified by a combination of HP-20 macroporous resin, silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatographies. The structures were elucidated on the basis of the spectroscopic data and comparison of their spectroscopic data with reported data. The cytotoxicity was evaluated by the MTT assay. The 50% and 70% EtOH elutions of EtOH-extract showed significant cytotoxic activities, leading to the isolation of twelve compounds, which were identified as luteoloside(1), lutedin-4'-O-β-D-glucoside(2), 6-hydroxyluteolin-7-O-β-glucoside(3), lutedin-7-O-neohesperidoside(4), rhoifolin (5), luteolin-7, 4'-di-O-glucoside (6), forsythoside B (7), acteoside (8), alyssonoside (9), catalpol(10), nudifloside(11), and leonuride(12). Compounds 3-6, 10 and 12 were isolated from this genus for the first time, and compound 9 was isolated from this plant for the first time. The cytotoxicity assay demonstrated that flavonoids 1-6, in various concentrations, showed monolithic proliferation inhibitory activities against Hela, A549 and MCF-7 cell lines. Compounds 3, 5 and iridoid glycoside 11 possessed higher cytotoxicacivities. In short, flavonoids are the main components of cytotoxic extract from C. nudiflora, while phenylethanoid glycosides are the predominant ingredient but inactive to cancer cell lines. In addition, the minor iridoid glycoside expressed weak cytotoxic activity.
Callicarpa ; chemistry ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cytotoxins ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Humans ; MCF-7 Cells ; Molecular Structure