Adolescent ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Nasal Mucosa ; metabolism ; Nasal Polyps ; metabolism ; Neuropeptides ; classification ; metabolism

Objective To explore the relationship of etiopathogenesis,therapy and prognosis in children with chronic arrhythmia.Met-hods Forty cases aged 48 h to 12 years old between Sep.2003 to Oct.2006 were selected.All children had vertigo,syncope,Adam-Stoke syndrome,cardiac shock.Some cases were detected with complete atrioventricular block(CAVB)(33 cases),sinus bradycardia(5 cases) or sick sinus syndrome(2 cases) by electrocardiogram(ECG) at least 2 times,and these symptoms lasted 3 days at least.Congenital CAVB children having no clinical symptom were given no treatment.Cases having sinus bradycardia,sick sinus syndrome resulted from viral myocarditis,the earlier were given antiviral medicine,energy composition,intravenous megavitamin C,isoprenaline,and large dose of adrenocortcal hormone simultaneously.Some were given human ?-globulin.Eight of them were set temporary pacemaker because of unsatisfactory treatment,and 2 of them were set permanent pacemaker.Results Twenty-eight cases were cured,9 cases were improved and 3 cases died.Six out of the cured cases and improved cased were set permanent or temporary pacemaker.Conclusions Early discovery,early diagnosis,and early temporary pacemaker use will lead a better prognosis in regular treatment.On the contrary,the delayed treatment on children with viral myocarditis and CAVB caused by dilated cardiomyopathy will lead a negative prognosis.

Pericytes are a very important cellular constituent of the blood-brain barrier.They play a regulatory role in brain angiogenesis,endothelial cell tight junction formation,blood-brain barrier differentiation,microvascular dynamic motion and structural stability.Pericytes exhibit unique functional characteristics in some diseases,such as cerebrovascular disease,neurodegenerative disease,neuroimmune disease and traumatic brain injury.This article reviews the roles of pericytes in the blood-brain barrier.

This paper reported a new home-made nonpoisonous substrate of horseradish peroxidase(HRP),3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine sulphate(TMBS),used in ELISA with the aqueous soluble egg antigen(SEA)as antigen;proved patients'sera as antibo- dy and the antihuman IgG was replaced by protein A conjugate. The optimun condition obtained by orthogonal design was 1.0 millimolarity of TMBS,1.2 millimolarity of H_2O_2,and pH value at 5.0.The best time to stop reaction with H_2SO_4,was 30-60 min after adding substrate TMBS.At the same time,TMB and OPD were used as compared substrates.It showed that the reaction colour of both TMBS and TMB remained much more stable than that of OPD when being exposured in light and oxygen.After the solutions of TMBS and TMB were stored under 4℃ in refrigerator for 60 days,the coefficient of variation among different experiments was less than 10%. The results in detecting specific antibody in sera from 28 patients with proved schistosomiasis also showed that the sensitivity of TMBS was remarkably higher than OPD.It was found that TMBS used in enzyme immunoassay for demonstrating specific antibody was suitable not only for optical density(OD)read by spectrophotometer but also for estimation judged by naked-eye.During TMBS and TMB used in indirect immunoperoxidase method(IIP),the specific antibody in the tissue can be easily dete- cted and located as well.

The use of optimal regulatory sequences for simultaneous expression of the transgenes might play a significant role in engineering plants with increased disease and insect resistance.The plant expression vector pOMS-GUS,which contained the GUS gene under the control of a chimeric promoter based upon the mannopine synthase(mas)promoter and the octopine synthase(ocs)enhancer,was constructed.Used as control,another vector pMAS-GUS,carried the GUS gene driven by only the mas promoter.The two vectors were introduced into tobacco plants by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation.Fluorometric assays for GUS activity and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)analysis revealed that GUS gene expressed weakly with untreated transgenic tobacco while the level of GUS activity increased steadily after 1 h subjected to wounding.The expression of the mas and ocs/mas promoters was induced a further 1.8-fold and 5.7-fold,respectively.SA(1 mmol/L)or MJ(250 ?mol/L)treatment also caused a large induction of the ocs/mas chimeric promoter;And the application of SA in combination with MJ(1 mmol/LSA & 250 ?mol/L MJ)produced an additive effect that exceeded the wounding response.The results showed that the ocs/mas chimeric promoter is a strong inducible promoter that can be activated by various stresses.The chimeric promoter should have utility in development of disease and insect resistant transgenic crops.

Objective： This study was designed to investigate the relationship between p16 protein expression and gastric carcinogenesis,depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis, and evaluate the role of deletion and mutation of p16 gene in exon 2 in gastric carcinoma. Methods： p16 protein expression in gastric carcinoma and precancerous lesion was examined by streptavidin-peroxidase conjugated(S-P) method; The deletion and mutation of p16 gene were examined respectively by polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and polymerase chain reaction single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis(PCR-SSCP) in gastric carcinoma. Results： ① The positive rates of p16 protein expression were 96.25％ (77/80) in normal gastric mucosa, 92.00％ (45/50) in dysplastic gastric mucosa, and 47.54％ (58/122) in gastric carcinoma. The positive rate of p16 protein expression in gastric carcinoma was significantly lower than that in normal gastric mucosa and in dysplastic gastric mucosa (P<0.05). ② The positive rate of p16 protein expression in mucoid carcinoma (10.00％ ,1/10) was significantly lower than that of poorly differentiated carcinoma (51.22％ ,21/41), undifferentiated carcinoma (57.69％ ,15/26), and signet ring cell carcinoma (62.50％ ,10/16) (P< 0.05). ③ The positive rates of p16 protein in 30 cases paired primary and lymph node metastatic gastric carcinoma were 46.67 ％ (14/30) in primary gastric carcinoma,16.67％ (5/30) in lymph node metastatic gastric carcinoma. The positive rate of lymph node metastatic carcinoma was significantly lower than that of primary carcinoma(P<0.05). ④ Evaluation of mutation and deletion of p16 gene： There was no mutation of p16 gene in exon 2, but there were 5 cases displayed deletion of p16 gene in exon 2 in the 25 primary gastric carcinoma. Conclusions： ① The expression loss of p16 protein is related to carcinogenesis, histopathological subtypes,and lymph metastasis of gastric carcinoma. ② The mutation of p16 gene in exon 2 may not be involved in gastric carcinogenesis. But the deletion of p16 gene in exon 2 might be involved in gastric carcinogenesis.

Objective To evaluate diagnostic significance of renal arteriography by injecting adrenalin in patients with renal tumour.Methods The renal angiography after administration of adrenalin (6 ?g) in 47 patients with renal malign ant tumour were performed.The angiographic results were analysed in comparison with that of pathology.The diagnostic accuracy parameters including sensitivity,specificity,accuracy,positive prediction rate,negative prediction rate,positive and negative index were caluclated.Results The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy in the detection of renal malign ant tumour were 93% ,94% and 94% respectively. Positive prediction rate were 97%,negative prediction rate was 89%, positive likelihood rate was 15.8, negative likelihood rate was 0.07 and Youden index was 0.87.Conclusion Medicaments angiography by injecting adrenalin is of important diagnostic value for renal tumour,especially for those which are vascularized and could not diagnosed by other technology qualitatively.

Objective To evaluate the role of SPECT cerebral perfusion imaging in assessing the stent implantation for cerebral artery stenosis.Methods A total of 35 patients (31 males,4 females,average age (63.9±10.8)years) with cerebral artery stenosis confirmed by DSA for cerebral artery stent implantation were retrospectively analyzed.99Tcm-ECD cerebral perfusion imaging was performed for all patients before and after stent implantation.The images were realigned and normalized by SPM 2.0 and then analyzed by Brain Search software for quantitative analysis.The brain was automatically separated to 210 functional areas according to Talarich map.The normalized averaged counts (NAC) of each area were calculated and compared with the data of 28 health controls (8 males,20 females,average age (35.8± 9.4) years).Less than 1.96s was defined as low perfusion lesions.The NAC values before and after stent implantation were compared for classifying improved from non-improved group.The mean number of lesions and Essen stroke risk score (ESRS) were analyzed between the two groups.The mean number of lesions and postoperative improvement rate of the internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion and stenosis were compared.Paired rank sum test,two-sample t test,two-sample rank sum test and x2 test were used for statistical analysis.Results In 35 patients with low perfusion areas,20 were significantly improved after stent implantation.The mean number of lesions in the improved group (34.05± 14.41)was significantly higher than that in the non-improved group (22.93±17.24; t=2.067,P＜0.05).The mean ESRS of the improved patients (14.8)was significantly lower than that of the non-improved patients (22.3,Z=2.24,P＜0.05).The improvement rate of 28 cases with ICA stent implantation was (60.7％,17/28)higher than that of 7 cases with middle cerebral artery (MCA) stent implantation (3/7; P＞0.05).The mean number of the ICA occlusion lesions (34.36± 14.31)was higher than that of the ICA stenosis lesions(31.35± 16.37),but the difference was not statistically significant(t=0.498,P＞0.05).The improvement rate of the ICA occlusion was higher than that of the ICA stenosis (7/11 vs 10/17),but the difference was not statistically significant (P＞0.05).Conclusion SPECT cerebral perfusion imaging and its quantitative analysis can evaluate the low perfusion lesions before stent implantation and predict the perfusion improvement after stent implantation.

To correct some explanation mistakes about ancient producing place of Astragali Radix. Some textual books, combined with history geographic literature and reference books were used in this study. The white river tacitly was the Baishui River between Sichuan and Gansu Province today, was not the white river in Shaanxi Province. The black river was the black river in Jiuzaigou County, was not the black river in Heishui County Sichuan Province. The red river was the Da River, branch of Xian River in Longxi County Gansu Province today. The ancient producing place Yizhou was correct, in Tongchuan city Shaanxi Province today, was not Zhizhou or Maozhou in Sichuan Province. Astragalus mainly produced in Shaanxi, means Yuanzhou, Huayuan, Yizhou, Ningzhou, Jingzhou of Tang and Song dynasty, because the most places of Gansu today belong to Shaanxi in Song and Ming dynasty. If Taoyang of Longxi, black river of Tanchang, Xiangwu of Longxi, white river and red river were plus, that means most ancient producing places of Astragalus were in Gansu today. The white river tacitly was the Baishui River between Sichuan and Gansu Province. The black river was the Hei River in Jiuzaigou County Sichuan Provinces. The red river was the Da River, branch of Xian-river in Longxi county Gansu Province today. Yizhou was correct, in Tongchuan city Shaanxi Province today.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the chemical components of bile acids from bear bile powder, the intermediate of bear bile powder and Tanreqing capsules by HPLC-MS/MS. METHODS: All samples were extracted with 70% methanol(V/V), and an Ultimate XB C18 column (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) was employed for separation with acetonitrile-0.1% formic acid as mobile phase in gradient elution. The MS spectrum was acquired in both positive and negative ion mode using ESI ion source. The chemical components were identified by the second mass spectrometric pyrolysis fragments, chromatographic peak retention time and fragmentation regularity summarized from the reference standards and the available literature. RESULTS: A total of 33 compounds were successfully identified or tentatively predicted, and six chemical compounds including tauroursodeoxycholic acid, taurochenodeoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, 7α-hydroxy-3-oxo-5β-cholanic acid and one unknown constituent were finally transferred to Tanreqing capsules through the intermediate of bear bile powder. Moreover, 21 new chemical compounds (major ingredients of free bile acids) were generated during the production process of the intermediate, and 19 components were also detected in Tanreqing capsules. CONCLUSION: The investigation of the change of constituents in bear bile powder during Tanreqing capsules production provides a basis for the quality control and evaluation of Tanreqing capsules during production process.