The content of the asarone submicro emulsion injection was determind by HPLC method, and thereby a quality evaluation method was established based on indexes of pH value, particle size, peroxide value, methoxy aniline values, free fatty acid, lysophosphatidylcholine, visible foreign substances, insoluble particle, sterility, bacterial endotoxin and impurities, etc. The results showed that the injection exhibited uniform physical appearance and all the products were in milkwhite liquid. The content of the three batches products were respectively 102.9%, 100.8%, 97.70% of the labeled amount, with mean particle size of 210-250 nm, and other indexes all met with the standards. The reserved samples showed no obvious change in terms of detection indexes and indicated good stability after the accelerated stability test and long-term stability for 12 months. The quality evaluation method established in this study could be applied to quality control and stability investigation of asarone submicron emulsion injection, which laid a basis for further clinical research and application.
Anisoles ; chemistry ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drug Stability ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Emulsions ; chemistry ; Particle Size ; Quality Control

OBJECTIVETo observe the therapeutic effect of Qingfei Huatan Quyu method (QHQ, a Chinese medicinal therapy for clearing Fei-heat and dissolving phlegm-stasis) combined with hormone-antibiotic therapy (HAT) on radiation pneumonia (RP).

METHODSEighty-one patients with RP were randomized into two groups, 41 patients in the control group and 40 in the treatment group were treated with HAT alone and HAT combined with QHQ respectively for 21 days. The severity of RP was evaluated before and after treatment according to the criteria of the radiation therapy oncology group. The effect on TCM symptoms and chest roentgenogram, as well as on plasma levels of interleukin-6 ( IL-6) and transform growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) were detected.

RESULTSAfter treatment, number of patients with RP graded as 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 in the treatment group was 23, 10, 4, 2, and 1, respectively, while in the control group, 14, 9, 11, 4, and 3, respectively. The combined therapy showed effects in improving RP grading (P <0.01) and TCM syndromes were superior to those of HAT respectively (P < 0.05). Besides, levels of IL-6 and TGF-beta were lowered after treatment in the treatment group, showing a significant difference to those in the control group (P <0.05).

CONCLUSIONQHQ combined with HAT has a definite therapeutic effect on RP. It could efficiently decrease the plasma levels of IL-6 and TGF-beta in patients with RP.

Anti-Bacterial Agents ; therapeutic use ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Interleukin-6 ; blood ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Radiation Pneumonitis ; drug therapy ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; blood

The feasibility of simultaneously loading both liposoluble and water-soluble components of Salvia miltiorrhiza in emulsion was discussed, in order to provide new ideas in comprehensive application of effective components in S. miltiorrhiza in terms of technology of pharmaceutics. With tanshinone II (A) and salvianolic acid B as raw materials, soybean phospholipid and poloxamer 188 as emulsifiers, and glycerin as isoosmotic regulator, the central composite design-response surface method was employed to optimize the prescription. The coarse emulsion was prepared with the high-speed shearing method and then homogenized in the high pressure homogenizer. The biphasic drug-loading intravenous emulsion was prepared to investigate its pharmaceutical properties and stability. The prepared emulsion is orange-yellow, with the average diameter of 241 nm and Zeta potential of -35.3 mV. Specifically, the drug loading capacity of tanshinone II (A) and salvianolic acid B were 0.5 g x L(-1) and 1 g x L(-1), respectively, with a good stability among long-term retention samples. According to the results, the prepared emulsion could load liposoluble tanshinone II (A) and water-soluble salvianolic acid B simultaneously, which lays a pharmaceutical foundation for giving full play to the efficacy of S. miltiorrhiza.
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; instrumentation ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Emulsions ; chemistry ; Quality Control ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; chemistry

OBJECTIVEComparative and statistical analysis the HPV infection rate between fresh tissue and Paraffin-embedded Specimens of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma,and comparative the testing results with others regions.

METHODSExtracted the total DNA from the novel fresh tissue and Paraffin-embedded Specimens; Detected the DNA by PCR with universal primer and Detected the HPV type with human papilloma virus nucleic acid amplification-based typing detection reagent kit (Hybribio); Compared the statistical result from the different specimens; analyzed the result between different region.

RESULTSHPV infection rate of fresh tissue is 82.6% with HPV16 (34.8%) and HPV18 (34.8%), and paraffin-embedded specimens is 78.2% with HPV16 (30.4%) and HPV18 (17.4%).

CONCLUSIONThe results provides the first evidence that there wasn't noticeable difference between HPV infection rate of the two specimens. So broader specimen source could be used for HPV testing.

Capsid Proteins ; analysis ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; virology ; DNA, Viral ; isolation & purification ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; virology ; Human papillomavirus 16 ; isolation & purification ; Human papillomavirus 18 ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Oncogene Proteins, Viral ; analysis ; Papillomaviridae ; isolation & purification ; Papillomavirus Infections ; epidemiology ; Polymerase Chain Reaction

Demography ; Homosexuality, Male ; psychology ; statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Internet ; Male ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Objective To explore the associations between partner-seeking activities through internet and HIV/AIDS related risk behaviours among men who have sex with men(MSM).Methods Target sampling.anonymous questionnaires were adopted and analyzed with SPSS 11.0.Results Data from 45.6% of the 2178 valid questionnaires showed that most partner-seeking activities was through internet.73.1% of them landed on gay website.in which 83.0% looked for sexual partners and 91.7% of them had intercourse with other men met through internet when compared with MSM who did not seek sex activities through internet.The internet group obviously had fewer numbers of partners(5.73 vs.10.3),oral sex partners(5.13 vs.8.71),passive anus sex partners(4.67 vs.8.26)and active anus sex partners (3.51 vs.6.06)in the past 6 months(P＜0.01 respectively)and obviously had fewer group sex(16.7% vs.20.5%)activities in the past one year but had more activities on oral sex(94.7% vs.89.6%),anus sex(95.1% vs.86.5%),regular sexual partner(52.6% vs.46.7%)in the past 6 months(83.4% vs.75.5%)(P＜0.01 respectively)and more likely to have finger intercourse(52.2% vs.38.5%),hemorrhage sexual intercourse(36.4% vs.21.9%,OR=2.04),non-local sexual intercourse(28.1% vs.22.7%)(P＜0.01 respectively).Conclusion Seeking sexual partners through internet had positive and double effects on MSM's risk behaviours.suggesting that it is of urgent need to take the advange of internet and gay website to disseminate HIV/AIDS prevention message.

Objective To study the AIDS related high risk behaviors and psychological appearances among men who have sex with men (MSM) who ever experienced childhood sexual abuse (CSA).Methods Target sampling for a cross-sectional study was developed and valid anonymous questionnaires were adopted to compare the differences of high risk behaviors related to AIDS and psychological appearances betwen those with or without CSA experiences among 2147 MSM from nine cities.Results Compared to corresponding ones without CSA experience,CSA group had a significant larger numbers in the following events: total sexual partners,anal sex episodes with same sex,female sexual partners and anal sex in the previous six months,with the figures of median as 20.0,10.0,3.0,3.0 respectively.In the previous year,30.8% of them had ever participated in 'group sex',19.2% ever exchanged money for sex,36.7% bled while having sexual intercourse,37.3% had sex with male partners away from his own region.All the above said figures were higher than non-CSA group,with significant differences.It also appeared that CSA experience had an impact on significant lower rate of condom use (67.3%) in the last anal sex.Those with CSA experience had more psychological problems which appeared as: 75.6% considered they would suffer from serious discrimination if their sexual orientation ever disclosed,34.7% had a strong intention of suicide and 24.3% ever having had suicidal attempts.The differences of the two groups showed statistical significance.Condusion CSA experience not only increased the number of AIDS related high risk behaviors in adulthood,but also had negative impact on their psychological appearances.It is of urgent need to carry out psychological intervention approaches to target on MSM with CSA experiences while childhood sexual education and rights assurance towards juvenile population should also not be neglected.

Objective To investigate the status of genotype of the KPC(Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase)-encoding genes in Pan-resistant K. Pneumoniae, isolated from the 98th Hospital of People' s Liberation Army, Huzhou district, Zhejiang province, China. Methods 19 strains of Pan-resistant K. Pneumoniae were isolated from the inpatients between November, 2008 and July,2009. Phenotypic confirmatory test for suspected carbapenemases production were carried out by Modified Hodge test. Carbapenemase gene of blaKPC was analyzed by PCR and verified by DNA sequencing. Results In 19 strains of K. Pneumoniae, the positive rates of Modified Hodge test and gene of blaKPC were both 100.0%. These genes all belonged to blaKPC-2 subtype confirmed by nucleotide sequence analysis. Among them, the blaKPC-2 gene sequence of the HZ001 strain (its original serial number was HZ9871 ) had been registered in GenBank (GenBank Accession Number: GU086225).Conclusion All of the Pan-resistant K. Pneumoniae isolated from the inpatients harbored blaKPC-2 type carbapenemases gene and causing an outbreak in a hospital. Carbapenemases that producing type KPC-2 might be the major reason which causing the resistance to Carbapenems antibiotics.

OBJECTIVETo study the impact of water level changes on the distribution of snails around lakes, and to study the possibility of forecasting the distribution of snails according to changes of water level reacted by remote sensing images.

METHODSAll information including water level information of Xingzi Hydrometric Station from 1997 to 2007, twelve TM images of Poyang Lake between 1998 and 2006 were collected. The water areas of Poyang Lake was extracted by MNDWI threshold approach, and the relationships between water areas from TM images and water level from Hydrometric Station was analyzed; Majiawan and Menqiantan marshland of Zhuxi village, Xingzi county was chosen as study pilot to set frames and investigate snails 2991 frames in 2007, and the information of snails of this pilot from 1998 to 2006 was collected to analyze the relationships between snails and water level.

RESULTSThe water areas of Poyang Lake extracted from Remote Sensing images from 1998 to 2006 was 1658.73 - 5873.48 km(2), and the corresponding daily water level of Xingzi Hydrometric Station was 9.96 - 21.72 m, according to correlation analysis, they were positive correlation relationship, the correlation coefficient was 0.96 (P < 0.01), and build a model: S = 5189.96 x ln(h) - 10 284.97; the percent of frames with living snail of zhuxi pilot from 1998 - 2007 was 28.33% - 77.46%, the corresponding monthly average water level of last August was 13.19 - 21.96 m, the corresponding highest water level of last year was 15.97 - 21.96 m, according to correlation analysis. The percent of frames with living snail of zhuxi pilot was negatively correlated with the corresponding monthly average water level of last August and the corresponding highest water level of last year, and the correlation coefficient was -0.69 (P < 0.05), and -0.77 (P < 0.01) respectively.

CONCLUSIONWater areas of Poyang Lake extracted from remote sensing images could well express the actual changes of water level, and the highest water level ahead of the year investigating snails influence the distribution of snails, thus we can estimate the distribution of snails around lakes by remote sensing images.

Animals ; China ; Environmental Monitoring ; instrumentation ; methods ; Forecasting ; Fresh Water ; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted ; Pilot Projects ; Satellite Communications ; Snails ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo investigate effects of anti-dsDNA autoantibodies on growth of tumor in vitro and in vivo.

METHODSBALB/c mice were inoculated with inactivated tumor cells and challenged s.c. with SP 2/0 and Wehi 164 tumor cells four weeks after the last inoculation. The naïve mice were inoculated with SP 2/0 tumor cells immediately after incubating with sera derived from the immunized mice at week 6. Then the tumor size was examined. In vitro, the cytotoxicity of anti-dsDNA autoantibodies to tumor cells was analysed. Furthermore, apoptosis of SP 2/0 and Wehi 164 tumor cells induced by anti-dsDNA autoantibodies was examined by FACS.

RESULTSIn vivo study showed that the growth of SP 2/0 and Wehi 164 tumors were inhibited in mice with anti-dsDNA autoantibodies, but not in mice lack of anti-dsDNA autoantibodies. In vitro, apoptosis of SP 2/0 and Wehi 164 tumor cells was induced when the tumor cells were incubated with the sera containing anti-dsDNA autoantibodies. Statistical analysis showed that the ability of anti-dsDNA autoantibodies to induce apoptosis of SP 2/0 and Wehi 164 tumor cells was significantly correlated with affinity (r = 0.990, P < 0.01 and r = 0.901, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONAnti-dsDNA autoantibodies have inhibitory effect on tumor cells via inducing apoptosis.

Animals ; Antibodies, Neoplasm ; biosynthesis ; immunology ; Apoptosis ; Autoantibodies ; biosynthesis ; immunology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; DNA ; immunology ; Fibrosarcoma ; pathology ; prevention & control ; Immune Sera ; immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred DBA ; Multiple Myeloma ; pathology ; prevention & control ; Neoplasm Transplantation