Metabolomics is an omics subject which studies on the metabolic network of organism and the intrinsic metabolic change of entirety with the aim of clarifying the mechanism of medicinal effect and pathogenesis of disease, is similar to the whole concept theory of Chinese medicine. The mectabolomics technology helps to promote the modern process of traditional Chinese medicine. This article illustrated the application research on the concept of metabolomics, the syndrome of Chinese medicine, quality and components of traditional Chinese medicine, traditional Chinese medicine compounds and so on, explored the problems on the current research and the prospect meanwhile.

Objective To compare antitussive and expectorant effects between endophytes from Glycyrrhiza uralensis and decoction,and filtrate effective strains.Methods A total of 84 Kunming mice were randomly divided into blank group,positive control group,Glycyrrhiza decoction group,3 groups of endophytes (JTYB006 group,JTYB029 group,JTYF023 group).There are two batches of mice altogether.Blank group was given the injection of 0.9％ NaCl.Positive control group was given 30 mg · kg-1 codeine phosphate tablets.Glycyrrhiza decoction group was given 1.3 g · kg-1 wild Glycyrrhiza decoction.Three groups of endophytes were respectively given 1.3 g · kg-1 powder of endophytes.Six groups were given the corresponding dose by intragastric administration once a day,for 7 days.1 hour after the last medication,the mice cough models were respectively induced by ammonia and SO2.The antitussive effects were evaluated by median effective dose time (EDT50),R-value,the incubation period of cough,the times of cough within 2 minutes,inhibition ratio of cough and extension ratio of cough.70 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 7 groups,these were blank group,model group,positive control group,Glycyrrhiza decoction group,3 groups of endophytes(JTYB006,JTYB029,JTYF023).The rat model of phlegm blocking in lung was established by inhaleing SO2 and clod wind for 10 days.10 days later,the blank group was given the injection of 0.9％ NaCl,positive control group was given 0.08 mg · kg-1 compound bulbus fritilillariae cirr hosate and ammonium chloride tablets,Glycyrrhiza decoction group was given 0.95 g · kg-1 wild Glycyrrhiza decoction,3 groups of endophytes were respectively given 0.95 g · kg-1 powder of endophytes.Seven groups were given the corresponding dose by intragastric administration once a day for 7 days.The general activities,the amount of phlegm and pathological of lung tissues were measured.In addition,the levels of nitric oxide (NO),tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α),interleukin-17 (IL-17) and IL-23 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) method.Results The EDT50 in blank group was 13.00 s,which in positive control,Glycyrrhiza decoction,JTYB006,JTYB029,JTYF023 groups were 30.09,20.32,18.45,25.03,16.52 s,the EDT50 of all drug intervention groups extended.Positive control,Glycyrrhiza decoction and JTYB029 groups had the obvious effect (R ＞ 150),JTYB006 had the effect of relieving cough (130 ＜ R ＜ 150),JTYF023 was invalidity(R ＜ 130).For cough caused by SO2,the incubation period of cough in blank group was (14.67 ± 7.20) s and positive control,Glycyrrhiza decoction,JTYB006,JTYB029 groups (28.00 ± 8.15),(25.83 ±9.35),(20.58 ±6.52),(26.50 ±5.32)s with statistically significant difference (P ＜0.01 or P ＜0.05).The times of cough within 2 minutes in blank group was(78.92 ± 19.06) and positive control,Glycyrrhiza decoction,JTYB006,JTYB029 groups were (47.42 ± 19.96),(57.67 ± 19.04),(63.15 ± 15.30),(44.25 ± 16.87) with statistically significant difference (P ＜ 0.01 or P ＜ 0.05).Compared with Glycyrrhiza decoction,JTYB006 and JTYF023 had remarkable short on the incubation period of cough,JTYB029 had remarkable reduction on the times of cough within 2 minutes(P ＜0.01 or P ＜0.05).In model,positive control,Glycyrrhiza decoction and JTYB029 groups,the amount of phlegm were (14.47 ± 3.30),(7.26 ± 4.55),(8.45 ± 3.78),(8.23 ± 1.19) mm,the levels of NO were (51.57±8.33),(30.02 ±2.65),(39.10 ±9.63),(39.25 ± 10.20)μmol · L-1,the levels of TNF-α were (654.80±56.40),(282.56 ±70.81),(400.24 ±78.03),(410.86 ±68.74) ng· mL-1,the levels of IL-17 were (66.28 ±9.34),(39.10 ±6.27),(50.20 ±9.05),(48.70 ± 10.28)pg · mL-1,the levels of IL-23 were (29.04 ±3.55),(16.02 ±3.60),(20.11 ±2.96),(21.25 ±3.40)pg · mL-1 Compared with the model group,Glycyrrhiza decoction and JTYB029 had remarkable decreasions in the terms of the amount of phlegm and the levels of NO,TNF-o,IL-17 and IL-23 (P ＜ 0.01 or P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion By filtrating,2 endophytes from Glycyrrhiza uralensis (JTYB006,JTYB029) have antitussive effects,and 1 endophytes from Glycyrrhiza uralensis (JTYB029) has expectorant effects.The antitussive and expectorant effects have no significant difference between wild Glycyrrhiza'decoction and JTYB029.

Objective To study the difference effects of enriching blood function of different medicinal parts in Angelica on the hemolytic blood deficiency in rats.Methods Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups:blank group,model group,positive control group,Angelica group,Angelica body group,Angelica tail group.The hemolytic blood deficiency rats was established by acetyl phenylhydrazine hydrochloride.Rats in normal and model groups were orally administered with saline,while rats in positive control group were orally treated with Lvjiaobuxue granule at the dose of 3.60 g · kg-1.Water decoction of Angelica,Angelica body and Angelica tail groups were orally at the dose of 10.8g · kg-1.All the drugs were administered to rats for consecutive 12 d.The contents of red blood cell (RBC),hematocrit (HCT),hemoglobin (HGB),platelet (PLT),mean corpuscular volume (MCV),mean corpuscular hemoglobin(MCH) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration(MCHC) were detected by hematology analyzer.While liver index (LI),thymus index (TI),spleen index (SI),reticulocyte (RC),and marrow karyocyte were calculated.After collecting thighbone,marrow cell cycle was detected by flow cytometry method flow cytometry.Results With the treatment of Angelica and Angelica body water decoction,the whole blood contents of RBC,HGB,HCT,PLT,MCHC were (6.05 ±0.22),(6.12 ±0.12) 1012/L;(155.80 ±4.89)％,(154.40 ±5.19)％;(53.79±1.88),(53.27 ± 1.57) g · L-1;(68.21 ± 5.63),(67.53 ± 5.11) 1010/L;(289.70 ± 3.94),(289.91 ± 8.41)g · L-1,respectively in each group,which were obviously higher than that of model group (P ＜ 0.05,P ＜ 0.01).The contents of MCH,MCV in Angelica and Angelica body groups were (25.75 ± 0.44),(25.23 ± 1.09) pg;(88.88 ± 1.67),(87.01 ±2.72) fl,which were lower than that of model group(all P ＜0.05).After used by Angelica tail,the contents of RBC,HGB,HCT were (5.69 ± 0.40) 1012/L,(123.10 ± 3.70) ％,(51.41 ± 2.03) g · L-1,which were higher than that of model group (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Angelica and Angelica body,in which has same enrichment blood effect has effect of enriching blood on the hemolytic blood deficiency rats,and Angelic tail has weaker effect of enriching blood.

Endophytes had plentiful biological diversity,and become an potential microorganism resource.The research on endophytes could have some significance for the protection of wild and endangered medicinal plants,expanding medicinal resources and the research and development of new drugs.The active metabolites of endophytes,interaction between endophytes and medicinal plants and influences of endophytes on genuine medicinal materials are reviewed.It will provide reference for further study on endophytes.

Objective To identify endophytes from Glycyrrhiza uralensis and study their anti-inflammatory effects in vivo and in vitro.Methods RAW264.7 cells in the logarithm growth period were made 1 × 106 cell · mL-1 to be single cell suspension.The blank group was added with 1640 culture medium,the model group was added with 1 mg mL-1 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)for culture,the control group was added with Glycyrrhiza water extracts(10,20,40 mg · L-1),and experimental group was added with 10,20,40 mg · L-1 endophyte fermentation products (JTYB006,JTYB012,JTYB029,JTYF023) for 2 h of treatment,then 1 nag · L-1 LPS was added for stimulation.The content of nitric oxide (NO) were measured by Griess,and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were measured by ELISA.Kunming mice were randomly divided into 7 groups:model,control Ⅰ,control Ⅱ,experimental Ⅰ,experimental Ⅱ,experimental Ⅲ,experimental Ⅳ.Then xylene-induced mouse ear edema test and Glacial acetic acid-induced mouse abdominal capillary permeability increase test were conducted.Results Three strains of endophytic bacterium are Bacillus,belonging to 3 species,and 1 strain of endophytic fungi is Aspergillus ochraceus.The contents of NO,PGE2 and IL-1β were (89.53 ± 8.02) μmol · L-1,(420.85 ± 57.85) pg · mL-1,(35.24 ± 5.77) pg · mL-1 in model group.When the mass concentration was maintained at 40mg· L-1,the contents of NO were (65.60 ±4.31),(63.48 ±6.89),(62.30 ±5.92),(56.47 ±7.26) μmol · L-1,the contents of PGE2 were(254.07 ±43.62),(295.40 ±49.13),(280.65 ±52.91),(296.42 ±54.90) pg·mL-1,the contents of IL-1β were(21.34 ±5.36),(20.65 ±4.78),(16.67 ±3.98),(22.54 ±5.30)pg · mL-1 in 4 experimental groups.Comparison between model group and experimental groups showed that the differences were significant (P ＜0.05 or P ＜0.01).The ear swelling degree and the absorbance of abdominal Flushing fluid in model group were 17.99 ± 1.60,0.28 ±0.02.The ear swelling degree were 15.05 ± 2.38,13.68 ± 2.69,15.36 ±2.03,the absorbance of abdominal Flushing fluid were 0.24 ±0.04,0.18 ±0.05,0.21 ±0.05 in experimental Ⅰ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ groups.By comparison between model group and experimental groups,the differences were significant (P ＜0.05 or P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion The fermentations of endophytes in 3 strains (JTYB006,JTYB029 and JTYF023) have anti-inflammatory effects both in vitro and in vivo.

Gene recombination can occur during the evolution of endophytes isolated from Glycyrrhiza uralensis,so pharmacological action and active ingredients of endophytes is identical or similar to its hosts.To explore this them will help resolve situation shortage of Glycyrrhiza resources,open a new approach for medicinal licorice resource.The article reviews the progress of variety,identification,pharmacological action and active ingredients of endophytes from Glycyrrhiza uralensis,offers some reference to deep research and development of it.

OBJECTIVETo further study the characteristics of drugs with neutral property in two-way application and conditioned dominance by observing the action characteristic of 10 traditional Chinese medicines with neutral property in hemorheological indicators of heat stagnation and blood stasis syndrome and cold stagnation and blood stasis syndrome rats.

METHODThe model of heat stagnation and blood stasis syndrome rats was established by injecting carrageenan and dry yeast, while the model of cold stagnation and blood stasis syndrome rats was established by body freezing. Subsequently, 10 traditional Chinese medicines with neutral property, 5 traditional Chinese medicines with heat property and 5 traditional Chinese medicines with cold property were selected for intervention to observe the changes in such indicators as whole blood viscosity, plasma viscosity and hematocrit and analyze the action characteristics of drugs with neutral property.

RESULTANOVA showed that among six of the 10 traditional Chinese medicines with neutral property, including Typhae Pollen, Sarcandrae Herba and Sappan lignum, could obviously increase the hemorheological indicators of both heat stagnation and blood stasis syndrome and cold stagnation and blood stasis syndrome rats; five traditional Chinese medicines with cold property, such as Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Leonuri Herba, Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, could significantly ameliorate the hemorheological indicators of heat stagnation and blood stasis syndrome rats (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05), and Salvia Miltiorrhiza Radix et Rhizoma alone could ameliorate the hemorheological indicators of cold stagnation and blood stasis syndrome rats (P < 0.05); all of the five traditional Chinese medicines with heat property could significantly ameliorate the hemorheological indicators of cold stagnation and blood stasis syndrome rats (P < 0.01), among which Carthami Flos and Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma could significantly ameliorate the hemorheological indicators of cold stagnation and blood stasis syndrome rats. According to the average high-shear blood viscosity analysis, drugs with neutral property showed similar action characteristics to those with cold property in ameliorating hemorheology indicators of heat stagnation and blood stasis syndrome rat and better effect than those with heat property in reducing whole blood viscosity; and traditional Chinese medicines with neutral property have the similar action characteristics to those with heat property in improving the hemorheology indicators of cold stagnation and blood stasis syndrome rat and better effect than those with heat property in reducing whole blood viscosity.

CONCLUSIONUnder the condition of heat stagnation and blood stasis syndrome, traditional Chinese medicines with neutral property show the similar action characteristics to those with cold property; but under the condition of cold stagnation and blood stasis syndrome, traditional Chinese medicines with neutral property show the similar action characteristics to those with heat property. This indicates that traditional Chinese medicines with neutral property show both heat and cold properties under he conditions of heat stagnation and blood stasis syndrome and cold stagnation and blood stasis syndrome.

Analysis of Variance ; Animals ; Blood Circulation ; drug effects ; physiology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Hemorheology ; drug effects ; Homeostasis ; drug effects ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Thrombosis ; drug therapy ; physiopathology

OBJECTIVETo study the action characteristics of "two-way application and conditioned dominance" of traditional Chinese medicines with neutral property by observing the action characteristic of 10 traditional Chinese medicines capable of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis with neutral property in the microcirculation in rats with heat stagnation and blood stasis syndrome.

METHODThe rat model with heat stagnation and blood stasis syndrome was established by injecting carrageenan and dry yeast, and the rat model with cold stagnation and blood stasis syndrome was built by the body freezing method. Ten traditional Chinese medicines with neutral property, including 5 with hot property and 5 with cold property, were selected for intervention to observe blood flow rate and flow state indicators in rat auricles and make a comparative analysis on action characteristics of traditional Chinese medicines with neutral property.

RESULTANOVA showed that among the 10 traditional Chinese medicines with neutral property, 6 such as Typhae Pollen, Sappan Lignum and Vaccariae Semen can obviously increase the blood flow rate (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05) in the above two models; all of the 5 traditional Chinese medicines with cold property can increase the blood flow rate (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05) in the rat model with heat stagnation and blood stasis syndrome, but only Salvia miltiorrhiza can increase the blood flow rate (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05) in the rat models with cold stagnation and blood stasis syndrome, while other medicines showed no notable effect; among the 5 traditional Chinese medicines with hot property, Carthamus tinctorius and Ligusticum chuanxiong can increase the blood flow rate (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05) in the rat models with cold stagnation and blood stasis syndrome, but had no obvious effect to the blood flow rate in the rat models with heat stagnation and blood stasis syndrome. According to the analysis on average blood flow rate, traditional Chinese medicines with natural and cold properties showed similar effect on heat stagnation and blood stasis syndrome and better effect in increasing blood flow rate than those with hot property; those with natural and hot properties showed similar effect and better effect in increasing blood flow rate than those with cold property.

CONCLUSIONUnder the condition of heat stagnation and blood stasis syndrome, traditional Chinese medicines with neutral property have the similar action characteristics with those with cold property; wile under the condition of cold stagnation and blood stasis syndrome, traditional Chinese medicines with neutral property have the similar action characteristics with the Chinese medicinal herbs with hot property. This indicates the action characteristics of "two-way application and conditioned dominance" of traditional Chinese medicines with neutral property to some extent.

Animals ; Blood Circulation ; drug effects ; Blood Coagulation ; drug effects ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Microcirculation ; drug effects ; Rats ; Syndrome