OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of nitrogen forms on the camptothecin (CPT) content, tryptophan synthase (TSB) and tryptophan decarboxylase (TDC) activities in Camptotheca acuminata seedlings.

METHODThe seedlings of C. acuminata with 6 pairs of leaves were subjected to 5 different NH4(+) -N/NO3(-) -N ratio (0 : 100, 75 : 25, 50 : 50, 25 : 75, 100 : 0) treatments by sand culture in a greenhouse. The CPT content, TSB activity in the young leaves and TDC in the stem barks of the seedlings were determined by HPLC on the 15th, 30th, 45th, 60th and 75th day, respectively.

RESULTThe obvious relationship between CPT content and nitrogen forms was observed. When NH4(+) - N /NO3(-) -N ratio was 25 : 75, CPT accumulation in young leaves displayed the best advantages (the highest value is 5.69 per thousand) and increased in the early 30 days of treatment and then declined. There was no obvious relationship between TSB activity in the young leaves and nitrogen forms. TDC activity in the stem bark was the highest when NH4(+) -N /NO3(-) -N ratio was 25 : 75, and the change of TDC activity paralleled to CPT content in the young leaves.

CONCLUSIONA short-term treatment that NH4(+) -N /NO3(-) -N ratio was 25:75 may gain high CPT content in the young leaves through enhancing the TDC activity in the stem bark of C. acuminata seedlings.

Aromatic-L-Amino-Acid Decarboxylases ; metabolism ; Camptotheca ; drug effects ; enzymology ; metabolism ; Camptothecin ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; metabolism ; Nitrogen ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Plant Leaves ; drug effects ; enzymology ; metabolism ; Seedlings ; drug effects ; enzymology ; metabolism ; Tryptophan Synthase ; metabolism

Antineoplastic Agents ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Injections, Intralesional ; Interferon-alpha ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Recombinant Proteins ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of nitrogen concentration on the camptothecin (CPT) content in Camptotheca acuminata seedlings:

METHODThe seedlings of C. acuminata with 6 pair of leaves were subjected to five nitrogen concentrations treatments by sand culture in a greenhouse. The CPT content in the seedlings was determined by HPLC on the 20th, 35th, 50th, 65th and 80th day respectively.

RESULTThe CPT content in the young leaves of C. acuminata seedlings supplied with different nitrogen concentration was significantly higher than that in other organs (P < 0.01), and it showed a single peak curve with the time course, the highest CPT content was observed on the 50th day after treatment. The CPT content in the young leaves obviously declined with increasing nitrogen concentration, and it reached the highest (6.72%) when nitrogen concentration was 4 mmol x L(-1), equal to 1.1 times that of 16 mmol x L(-1) nitrogen.

CONCLUSIONThe results demonstrate that proper deficient nitrogen stress can significantly enhance CPT accumulation in young leaves of C. acuminata seedlings.

Camptotheca ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Camptothecin ; metabolism ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Nitrogen ; pharmacology ; Seedlings ; drug effects ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo summarize the clinical experiences in the diagnosis and managements of hepatic veno-occlusive disease (HVOD).

METHODSThe clinical and pathologic data of 17 patients with hepatic veno-occlusive disease were analyzed retrospectively.

RESULTSAccording to the results of imaging examination, clinical data and pathological data, 17 patients HVOD were divided into acute progressive HVOD and chronic HVOD. 2 cases out of the 11 acute progressive cases got improved, 2 cases died after medical treatment and 2 cases died after shunt operation. The 6 chronic HVOD, including 1 case with medical treatment and 5 cases with shunt operation, were cured.

CONCLUSIONLiver biopsy was an efficient method for the diagnosis of hepatic veno-occlusive disease. Acute progressive cases of hepatic veno-occlusive disease should be managed with medical treatment and the chronic cases could be treated with shunt surgery if medical treatment were inefficient.

Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Hepatic Veins ; pathology ; Hepatic Veno-Occlusive Disease ; diagnosis ; pathology ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult

The isolate GN52 of Riemerrella anatipestifer was passaged on the Martin Medium successively according to the optimum condition. The experiments included Gram staining, biochemical test, drug sensitivity test and animal experiments were carried out on the bacteria of 3rd, 11th, 21st, 31st, 41st, 51st and 61st generations. It indicated that the bacterial morphs, biochemical character, drug resistance of the strain had no obvious change, but the virulence showed a trend of reduction.

Objective To observe the effects of 75 gram glucose oral tolerance test (75 g OGTT) and standard mixed meal test (SMMT) on insulin secretion function of the islets of Langerhans and plasma free fatty acid (FFA) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods Seventy-six patients with type 2 diabetes without using insulin and with no obvious complications were recruited for 75 g OGTT following overnight fasting on the first day and SMMT (bread 50 g,egg 50 g and milk 250 ml) on the 7th day.Blood specimens were collected from each patients before the tests and 30 min,60 min,120 min and 180 min after glucose or meal load to measure their levels of plasma glucose,serum insulin,C peptide,FFA and lipids (total cholesterol,triglyceride,high-density and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol).Results No difference in fasting plasma glucose,serum insulin,C peptide,FFA and lipids between 75 g OGTT and SMMT was found.Postprandial plasma glucose 30 min,60 min,120 min and 180 min after 75 g OGTT was significantly higher than that after SMMT,with (15.3?3.5) vs (9.9?3.4) mmol/L,(18.2?4.8) vs (12.8?4.0) mmol/L,(16.3?5.8) vs (12.2?4.9) mmol/L and (10.6?5.4) vs (9.5?4.5) mmol/L (F=28.1,P

Based on the complete genome sequence of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) ZJI strain,seven pairs of primers were designed to amplify a cDNA fragment for constructing the plasmid pNDV/ZJI,which contained the full-length cDNA of the NDV ZJI strain.The pNDV/ZJI,with three helper plasmids,pCIneoNP,pCIneoP and pCIneoL,were then cotransfected into BSR-T7/5 cells expressing T7 RNA polymerase.After inoculation of the transfected cell culture supernatant into embryonated chicken eggs from specific-pathogen-free (SPF) flock,an infectious NDV ZJI strain was successfully rescued.Green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene was amplified and inserted into the NDV full-length cDNA to generate a GFP-tagged recombinant plasmid pNDV/ZJIGFP.After cotransfection of the resultant plasmid and the three support plasmids into BSR-T7/5 cells,the recombinant NDV,NDV/ZJIGFP,was rescued.Specific green fluorescence was observed in BSR-T7/5 and chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) cells 48h post-infection,indicating that the GFP gene was expressed at a relatively high level.NDV/ZJIGFP was inoculated into 10-day-old SPF chickens by oculonasal route.Four days post-infection,strong green fluorescence could be detected in the kidneys and tracheae,indicating that the recombinant GFP-tagged NDV could be a very useful tool for analysis of NDV dissemination and pathogenesis.

Objective To explore the relationship between the size and location of the aneurysm after subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) and its clinical classification. Methods A retrospective study was performed in patients with aSAH from January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2014. The relevant clinical data were collected including age, gender, aneurysm size, location, and Hunt-Hess (H-H) classification. The aneurysms were classified by size (A group d<5.00 mm, B group 5.00 mm≤d<10.00 mm, C group d≥10.00 mm), location and H-H classification according to the results of CT, digital subtrac?tion angiography (DSA), and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). The relationship between size, position of aneurysm and H-H classification was observed and analyzed. Results There were 750 cases included in this study, with average age (56.14 ± 11.88), male 292 and female 458. The total number of aneurysms was 903, and the number of multiple aneurysms was 91 (12.13%). There was one case with multiple aneurysms that can be included in A, B and C groups. There were two cases with multiple aneurysms that can be included in A and B groups, two cases can be included in A and C groups, and three cases can be included in B and C groups. The number of aneurysms and the ratios of groups A, B and C were 20(3.9%), 12 (3.8%), 5 (7.5%), 70 (13.6%), 39 (12.2%), 10(14.9%), 2 (0.4%), 4 (1.3%), 2 (3.0%), 165 (32.0%), 94 (29.4%), 6 (9.0%), 130 (25.2%), 90 (28.1%), 6 (9.0%), 17 (3.3%), 11 (3.4%) and 2 (3.0%) for the location in the anterior cerebral artery, the middle cerebral artery, the posterior cerebral artery, the internal carotid artery, the anterior communicating artery, the posterior communicating artery, and the vertebral basilar artery, respectively. The number of aneurysms and the ratios of H-H classificationⅠ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,ⅣandⅤin groups A, B and C were 48 (9.3%), 45 (14.1%), 12 (17.9%), 228 (44.2%), 150 (46.9%), 14 (20.9%), 68 (13.2%), 54 (16.9%), 30 (44.8%), 142 (27.5%), 43 (13.4%), 9 (13.4%), 30 (5.8%), 28 (8.8%) and 2 (3.0%). There was a negative correlation between the size of aneurysm and the H-H grade (rs=-0.075, P=0.024). Conclusion The anterior communicating artery and posterior communicating artery are high-risk areas for smaller aneurysms. The internal ca?rotid artery is high-risk areas for larger aneurysms. The size of aneurysm is negatively correlated with H-H classification.

ObjectiveTo analyze and compare the difference and prognosis between vascular embolization and craniotomy occlusion in patients suffering from aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) with Hunt-Hess levelⅢ-Ⅳ, and acute postoperative hydrocephalus.Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 767 patients who had undergone vascular embolization (vascular embolization group,n = 403) or craniotomy occlusion operation (craniotomy occlusion operation group,n = 364), and the patients with postoperative acute hydrocephalus were screened. The clinical data of patients of both groups was analyzed. By judging short-term prognosis in patients with hydrocephalus with Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) score estimated at discharge, the advantages and disadvantages of two surgical procedures were compared.Results The number of cases with postoperative hydrocephalus in vascular embolization group was 56 (13.90%), while that in craniotomy occlusion group was 33 (9.07%). The difference between the two groups of incidence of hydrocephalus was statistically significant (χ2= 4.350,P = 0.037 ). In 767 patients with aSAH, the incidence of hydrocephalus among the patients after the hematoma removal operation was significantly lower than that of patients without hematoma removal [3.07% (11/358) vs. 19.07% (78/409),χ2 = 47.635,P = 0.000]. The incidence of hydrocephalus among the patients after ventricular drainage was significantly lower than that of patients without the drainage [2.77% (19/685) vs. 85.37% (70/82),χ2 = 487.032,P = 0.000]. In 403 cases of vascular embolization group, the incidence of hydrocephalus in the patients after the hematoma removal operation was lower than that of patients without it [8.06% (5/62) vs. 14.96% (51/341),χ2 = 2.082,P = 0.168]. The incidence of hydrocephalus in the patients after the ventricular drainage was lower than that of patients without drainage [2.59% (9/347) vs. 83.93% (47/56),χ2 = 266.599,P = 0.000]. In 364 cases of craniotomy occlusion operation group, the incidence of hydrocephalus in the patients after hematoma removal operation was significantly lower than that of patients did not receive [2.03% (6/296) vs. 39.71% (27/68),χ2 = 95.226,P = 0.000]. The incidence of hydrocephalus among the patients after the ventricular drainage was significantly lower than that of patients without drainage [2.96% (10/338) vs. 88.46% (23/26),χ2 = 203.852,P = 0.000]. The difference in incidence of hydrocephalus between the patients who had hematoma removal surgery between vascular embolization group and craniotomy occlusion operation group was statistically significant [8.06% (5/62) vs. 2.03% (6/296),χ2 = 4.411,P = 0.027], while no statistically difference was present in ventricular drainage patients [2.59% (9/347) vs. 2.96% (10/338),χ2 = 0.085,P = 0.819]. There were 23 patients (41.07%) with good outcome (GOS score 4-5), while 33 (58.93%) with poor outcome (GOS score 1-3) in 56 patients undergone vascular embolization operation. Good result (GOS score 4-5) was shown in 21 (63.64%) and 12 (36.36%) with poor outcome (GOS score 1-3) among 33 patients with hydrocephalus after craniotomy occlusion operation, and the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 4.230,P = 0.039).Conclusions Hematoma is one of the main factor contributing to the differences in the incidence of postoperative hydrocephalus of Hunt-Hess gradeⅢ-Ⅳ patients either receiving vascular embolization or craniotomy occlusion operation. Lateral ventricle drainage may not be the factor that contributes to the difference in incidence of hydrocephalus formation between the vascular embolization and craniotomy occlusion operation groups in Hunt-Hess levelⅢ-Ⅳ patients. The short term prognosis in the craniotomy occlusion operation group is superior to that of endovascular intervention embolization group.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of hTERT antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ASODN) on the oncogenicity and the inductive apoptosis of HL-60 cells.

METHODSApoptosis of HL-60 cells was detected by flow cytometry (FCM) and agarose gel electrophoresis. Both treated and untreated HL-60 cells were collected and transplanted into 5 BALB/c nude mice respectively, the formation of transplanted neoplasm and its morphologic change were observed. After the transplanted neoplasms were uniform with the ameliorated method in another 10 BALB/c nude mice, they were divided into 2 groups and injected ASODN and PBS into the neoplasm respectively. Seven days later, the tumor were measured, its morphology were observed, and the apoptotic cells were detected with a TUNEL kit.

RESULTSAfter 72 h treatment there were DNA ladders and early apoptosis peak in hTERT ASODN treated HL-60 cells but was none in SODN treated and blank control cells. In tumor formation experiment, neoplasms were formed in ASODN treated group at 16-17 d and untreated group at 12-13 d. Neoplasm was formed in 2 of 5 ASODN treated mice and 4 of 5 untreated mice respectively. In untreated mice tumor tissues were rich in blood vasa and stromal tissue compared with that in ASODN treated mice. In tumor therapy experiment, before treatment, there was no difference in the average neoplasm physical volume between ASODN treated group [(100.9 +/- 24.6) mm3] and PBS treated group [(98.4 +/- 23.1) mm3] (P > 0.05). After treatment, the neoplasm volume in ASODN treated group [(422.7 +/- 326.4) mm3] was smaller than that in PBS treated group [(786.4 +/- 357.6) mm3] (P < 0.05). Histologically, there were many apoptosis cells in ASODN treated group, but was seldom seen in PBS treated group. The TUNEL positive cells in ASODN treated group were much more than that in PBS treated group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe hTERT ASODN induces apoptosis of HL-60 cells in vitro, reduces the tumor formation in BALB/c nude mice and inhibits the growth of the transplanted neoplasm.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; HL-60 Cells ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Nude ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides, Antisense ; pharmacology ; Telomerase ; genetics ; Transfection ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays