OBJECTIVETo determine human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status in breast carcinoma by the techniques of a fully automated immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), to compare the concordance of protein expression with gene amplification and to explore the optimization in process quality control.

METHODSA prospective study of invasive breast cancer specimens excised between May 2009 and April 2011 at the Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences was conducted by automated IHC staining with the new 4B5 rabbit monoclonal antibody and FISH. An evaluation was performed according to the ASCO/CAP guidelines (2007) and Chinese guidelines (2009). The gene amplification status of 740 cases were detected by FISH.

RESULTSA total of 2420 cases of breast invasive ductal carcinoma without pre-operation therapy were tested by automated IHC. 551 cases (22.8%) were scored as positive (3+), 664 cases (27.4%) as equivocal (2+), and 1205 cases (49.8%) as negative (1+/0). Gene amplification was detected in 98.0% (242/247) HER2 protein expression positive (3+) cases and in 13.6% (53/389) equivocal (2+) cases. One of 247 (0.4%) HER2 expression 3+ cases and 5 of 389 (1.3%) HER2 expression 2+ cases were equivocal for gene amplification. No gene amplification was detected in expression negative (1+/0) cases by FISH (0/104). The overall concordance between IHC and FISH was 98.6% [(242 + 104)/(247 + 104)].

CONCLUSIONSThere is a high concordance rate between automated IHC with 4B5 rabbit monoclonal antibody and FISH results for assessing the HER2 gene amplification status in surgically-excised breast cancer specimens, suggesting that automated IHC with 4B5 antibody can provide a reliable method to detect HER2 overexpression for eligibility of HER2 targeted therapy.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Breast Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Gene Amplification ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Quality Control ; Receptor, ErbB-2 ; genetics ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo discuss the clinicopathological features and prognostic factors of gastric lymphoma.

METHODS83 gastric lymphoma cases were analyzed retrospectively in accordance to the criteria of the new World Health Organization classification for neoplastic diseases of the hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues. The correlations between clinicopathological features, therapeutic measures and survival were discussed.

RESULTSThe age of patients ranged from 25 to 77, with a median of 52. The number of males were similar to that of females. There were no specific symptoms. The most common symptoms were stomach ache (60 cases, 72%) or discomfort. The duration of symptoms was often long and with a history of chronic gastric diseases (21 cases, 25%). 13 cases had multiple lesions in the gastrointestinal mucosa. 51 cases (61%) were accompanied by lymph node involvement. According to the new World Health Organization classification for neoplastic diseases of the hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues, 57 cases were extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)-type (MALT lymphoma), 23 were diffuse large B cell lymphoma accompanying MALT lymphoma, 2 were diffuse large B cell lymphoma and 1 was follicular lymphoma. Of all the cases, 31 were stage I E, 38 stage II E, 8 stage III E and 6 stage IV by the Ann Arbor staging system (1972). The total 5-year and 10-year survival rates were 77.8% and 70.1% respectively, with the mean survival time of 146 months. The 5-year and 10-year survival rates of MALT lymphoma were 77.4% and 72.3%, the 5-year and 10-year survival rates of diffuse large B cell lymphoma accompanying MALT lymphoma were 81.8% and 68.2%, the 5-year survival rate of diffuse large B cell lymphoma was 50.0%.

CONCLUSIONSThere are no specific symptoms in gastric lymphoma patients. Extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of MALT-type is the main histopathological type of gastric lymphoma, often accompanied by multiple mucosa involvement and also often accompanied by a history of chronic gastric disease. The lesion is usually localized for a long time, with a very good prognosis. Survival rate has a significant correlation with lymph node involvement and clinical stage. No correlations were found between the survival rates with age, gender, B symptoms, invasive depth of the wall of stomach, the size and range of the tumors or different therapeutic measures.

Adult ; Aged ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gastrectomy ; methods ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Lymphoma ; pathology ; surgery ; therapy ; Lymphoma, B-Cell ; pathology ; surgery ; therapy ; Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone ; pathology ; surgery ; therapy ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; pathology ; surgery ; therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Radiotherapy, Adjuvant ; Retrospective Studies ; Stomach Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; therapy ; Survival Rate

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of glutathione (GSH) and sodium selenite on the metabolism of arsenic in the liver, kidney and blood of mice exposed to iAsIII through drinking water.

METHODSThe mice were randomly divided into control, arsenic, GSH and sodium selenite group, respectively. And each group had eight mice and the mice were exposed to 50 mg/L arsenite by drinking water for 4 weeks. Mice were intraperitoneally injected with GSH (600 mg/kg) and sodium selenite (1 mg/kg) for seven days from the beginning of the fourth week. At the end of the fourth week, liver, kidney and blood were sampled to assess the concentrations of inorganic arsenic (iAs), monomethylarsenic acid (MMA), dimethylarsenic acid (DMA) by hydride generation trapping by ultra-hypothermia coupled with atomic absorption spectrometry.

RESULTSThe liver DMA (233.76 +/- 60.63 ng/g) concentration in GSH group was significantly higher than the arsenic group (218.36 +/- 42.71 ng/g). The concentration of DMA (88.52 +/- 30.86 ng/g) and total arsenic (TAs) (162.32 +/- 49.45 ng/g) in blood of GSH group was significantly higher than those [(45.32 +/- 12.19 ng/g), (108.51 +/- 18.00 ng/g), respectively] of arsenic groups(q values were 3.06, 6.40, 10.72 respectively, P < 0.05). The primary methylated index (PMI) (0.65 +/- 0.050) and secondary methylated index (SMI) (0.55 +/- 0.050) in liver sample of GSH group were significantly higher than those (0.58 +/- 0.056, 0.44 +/- 0. 093) in arsenic group. In blood samples, the PMI (0.85 +/- 0.066) in GSH group was significantly higher than that (0.54 +/- 0.113) in arsenic group (q values were 3.75, 5.26, 4.21 respectively, P < 0.05). However, no significant difference was identified between sodium selenite and arsenic groups in liver, kidney or blood samples. And no significant difference was detected in kidney samples among all arsenic exposing groups.

CONCLUSIONExogenous GSH could promote the methylated metabolism of iAsIII, but sodium selenite showed no significant effects.

Animals ; Arsenic ; analysis ; metabolism ; Arsenic Poisoning ; metabolism ; Environmental Exposure ; Female ; Glutathione ; pharmacology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Sodium Selenite ; pharmacology ; Water Supply

OBJECTIVETo investigate and analyze the expression of fascin and CK14 in multiple histological types of cancer and to explore the potential value of the two proteins as markers in diagnosis and differential diagnosis of various cancer types.

METHODSTissue microarray containing esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), lung SCC, larynx SCC, uterine cervical SCC, SCC of external genital organs, lung adenocarcinoma, gastric adenocarcinoma, colorectal adenocarcinoma, heptocellular carcinoma, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, breast infiltrating ductal carcinoma, thyroid papillary carcinoma, uterine endometrioid adenocarcinoma, ovarian serous adenocarcinoma and renal clear cell carcinoma, 30 cases each, as well as corresponding normal controls was constructed. The expression of fascin and CK14 among different types of carcinoma and corresponding normal controls was detected by immunohistochemistry.

RESULTSIn normal esophagus, bronchus, larynx, uterine cervix and skin, fascin was mainly expressed in the basal cells or reserve cells, but the expression was diffuse in esophageal SCC, lung SCC, larynx SCC, uterine cervical SCC and SCC of external genital organs, with a positive rate of 90.0%, 90.0%, 96.7%, 78.6% and 89.7%, respectively. In the normal tissue of other organs, except breast and uterine endometrium, fascin was negative. In lung adenocarcinoma, gastric adenocarcinoma, colorectal adenocarcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, breast infiltrating dutal adenocarcinoma, thyroid papillary carcinoma, uterine endometrioid adenocarcinoma, ovarian serous adenocarcinoma and renal clear cell carcinoma, the positive rates were 38.0%, 23.3%, 14.3%, 10.3%, 73.3%, 13.3%, 6.7%, 60.0%, 66.7% and 10.0%, respectively. The difference between fascin expression in SCC and in other histological types was statistically significant (P < 0.001). CK14 was mainly expressed in the basal cells, reserve cells or myoepithelia of normal tissues. The positive rates of CK14 were 76.7%, 36.7%, 83.3%, 60.7% and 96.3% in esophageal SCC, lung SCC, larynx SCC, uterine cervical SCC and SCC of external genital organs, respectively. It was weak and focal in lung adenocarcinoma, gastric adenocarcinoma, colorectal adenocarcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, breast infiltrating dutal adenocarcinoma, thyroid papillary carcinoma, uterine endometrioid adenocarcinoma, ovarian serous adenocarcinoma, and renal clear cell carcinoma, with a positive rate of 13.3%, 13.3%, 20.7%, 41.4%, 46.7%, 6.7%, 40.0%, 13.3%, 20.0% and 6.7%, respectively. The difference between CK14 expression in SCC and in other histological types was statistically significant (P < 0.001). The difference between co-expression of fascin/CK14 in SCC and in other histological types was also statistically significant (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONFascin and CK14 are highly expressed in SCC, compared with other histological types of carcinoma. Combination of fascin and CK14 should be a valuable marker in diagnosis and differential diagnosis of carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Breast Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; metabolism ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; metabolism ; pathology ; Carrier Proteins ; metabolism ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous ; metabolism ; pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Keratin-14 ; metabolism ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Liver Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Lung Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Microfilament Proteins ; metabolism ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Stomach Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of Shenfu Injection (SF) on the apoptosis of prostate cancer PC-3 cells and its possible mechanism.

METHODSWe divided prostate cancer PC-3 cells into a blank control group and three experimental groups, the latter treated with SF at 50, 100, and 200 microl/ml, respectively, for 24, 48, and 72 hours. Then we determined the proliferation of the cells by MTT assay, measured their apoptosis by Annexin V/PI flow cytometry, and detected the expression of P53 mRNA by RT-qPCR.

RESULTSCompared with the blank control group, the survival rates of the prostate cancer PC-3 cells in the 50, 100, and 200 microl/ml SF groups were (93.76 +/- 2.63)%, (81.21 +/- 1.80)% and (18.01 +/- 3.84)% at 24 hours, (94.67 +/-1.11)%, (78.33 +/- 2.89)% and (10.34 +/- 1.44)% at48 hours, and (91.30 +/- 0.47)%, (36.67 +/- 1.56)% and (1.33 +/- 0.32)% at 72 hours, all significantly increased in a dose- and time-dependent manner (P < 0.05). The expression of p53 mRNA was also markedly increased in all the three experimental groups at 48 hours (P < 0. 05).

CONCLUSIONSF can inhibit the proliferation and induce the apoptosis of PC-3 cells, which may due to its upregulation of the p53 mRNA expression.

Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Male ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; metabolism

Objective To explore the sensitivity of Culex pipiens pallens to common chemical insecticides in the southwestern region of Shandong Province, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the development of reasonable and effective mosquito control measures. Methods The resistance of Cx. pipiens pallens larvae to 5 chemical insecticides, such as cypermethrin, deltamethrin, DDVP, propoxur, and acetofenate were tested by using the WHO biological test method in 2018, and the co-toxicity coefficients after compounding the above-mentioned insecticides were tested by using a drug compounding method. Results The resistance indexes of Cx. pipiens pallens to cypermethrin, deltamethrin, DDVP, propoxur, and acetofenate in 3 cities were 144.43–557.54, 118.17–445.33, 6.44–19.00, 2.37–8.10, and 0.88–2.98, respectively, and expect the difference between the DDVP resistances of Cx. pipiens pallens in Jining City and Heze City was not statistically significant (P > 0.05), all the other differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). The synergistic coefficients of cypermethrin + DDVP, cypermethrin + propoxur, DDVP + acetofenate, and propoxur + acetofenate were 199.58 – 456.95, 190.56 – 292.37, 123.32 – 319.24, and 192.31 – 367.32, respectively. The lower synergism was observed by using the mixture of DDVP + propoxur (synergistic coefficient: 99.87–108.36) . Conclusions After decades of chemical control, Cx. pipiens pallens in the southwestern region of Shandong Province has produced different degrees of resistance to common chemical insecticides. Therefore, comprehensive control measures should be taken to control mosquito breeding and prevent the development of insecticide resistance.