The etiology and pathogenesis of intrahepatic cholestasis are complex,and those are not still very clear in current.Studies suggest that genetic factors play an important role in the pathogenesis of the disease.Some familial cholestasis have been confirmed by gene mutation causing.Bile secretion process regulated by a number of bile relation gene at the molecular level.Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) gene is related to intrahepatic bile secretion process.Bile secretion is indirect control by FXR which formats a complex network,becoming more attention to researcher in recent years.

Objective To compare the therapeutic effects of recurrent pterygium treated by microsur- gical management.Methods Sixty-two cases(67 eyes)with recurrent pterygiumwere randomly divided into limbal stem cell autograft transplantation comblined with mitomycin C(34 cases38 eyesand limbal stem cell autograft transplantation(28 cases29 eyes)The post operative follow-up period was 6 to 30 months.Re- suits One eye recurrence was noted in the trial groupthe recurrent rate was 2.63%Three eyes recurrence was noted in the control groupthe recurrent rate was 10.34%There was statistical significant difference be- tween two groups(P0.05).Conclusion Limbal stem cells autograft transplantation combined with mitomycin C can decrease the recurrent rate.It is an ideal methods of recurrent pterygium surgical procedureis worth spreading.

Objective To summarize the contrast enhanced ultrasonographic (CEUS) features of benign focal liver lesions, on and to investigate the value of contrast enhanced ultrasound techniques in the diagnosis of benign focal liver lesion. Methods The contrast enhanced ultrasonographic performance of 68 benign focal liver lesions cases which were dififcult for routine ultrasound diagnosis and conifrmed by pathology or follow-up were retrospectively analyzed. Chi-square test of four-fold table were used to compare the diagnostic coincidence rate of conventional ultrasound and contrast-enhanced ultrasound. Results The 68 cases of benign focal liver lesions included complex cysts (n=7), liver hydatids (n=2), liver abscess (n=15), focal nodular hyperplasia (n=8), angiomyolipoma (n=2), hepatocellular adenoma (n=4), focal fat accumulation (n=16), inlfammatory pseudotumor (n=12), solitary necrotic nodule (n=1), intrahepatic biliary cystadenoma (n=1). There were no enhancement among 7 complex cysts, 2 liver hydatids and 1 solitary necrotic nodule. Isoenhancement was detected in focal fat accumulation (n=16);hypoenhancement during the arterial phase and sustained enhancement during the portal or late phase was found in focal nodular hyperplasia (n=8) and angiomyolipoma (n=2). Grid-like enhancements during the arterial phase and isoenhancement or hypoenhancement during the portal phase, and hypoenhancement during the late phase was presented in liver abscess (n=15). Hyperenhancement during the arterial phase were detected in 4 cases of hepatocellular adenoma, 3 of which showed isoenhancement or hyperenhancement during the portal and delayed phase, one case showed hypoenhancement during the portal phase. Eight cases of all the inlfammatory pseudotumor showed no enhancement during all phases;3 cases showing grid enhancement during the arterial phase and the enhancement washed out rapidly;1 case showed mild edge enhancement during the arterial phase and hypoenhancement during the delayed phase. The solid part of the intrahepatic biliary cystadenoma showed hyperenhancement during the arterial phase and hypoenhancement during the portal and late phase.The central area showed no enhancement during all phase. The coincidence rate between pathology and conventional ultrasound diagnosis was 61.8%(42/68). The coincidence rate between pathology and contrast- enhanced ultrasound diagnosis was 92.6%(63/68). The coincidence rate of contrast-enhanced ultrasound diagnostic was higher than that of conventional ultrasound, with a statistically signiifcant difference (χ2=8.17, P < 0.01). Conclusion Real-time gray-scale contrast-enhanced sonography can improve the accuracy of the diagnosis and differential diagnosis for benign focal liver lesions.

Arthritis, Juvenile ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; blood ; Biopsy ; Bone Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Child, Preschool ; Diagnostic Errors ; Female ; Hip Joint ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Humans ; Ilium ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Radiography ; Sarcoma, Ewing ; diagnosis ; pathology

Objective To study the characteristics of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of insulin dry powder inhalation and its relative bioavailability as compared with subcutaneous injection of regular insulin. Methods In this open,single-center,randomized,two-period,cross-over,euglycemic glucose clamp study,18 healthy volunteers(14 men and 4 women),aged(24.9?1.7)years,with body mass index(20.6?1.2)kg/m~2, received the insulin dry powder inhalatin(80 U)or regular insulin(15 U)subcutaneous administration.The blood samples of this study at 0,20,30,40,50,60,70,80,90,100,110,120,135,150,165,180,195, 210,225,240,270,300,330,360,390,420,450 and 480 rain were taken for serum insulin measurement, meanwhile,glucose infusion rates(GIR)were determined per 5 minutes over a period of 8 hours.Results The C_(max)were(57.9?17.8 vs 114.5?29.7)mU/L(tested vs reference preparation),T_(max)were(46.7?45.6 vs 107.8?33.7)min,GIR_(max)were(3.35?0.98 vs 5.17?1.75)mg?kg~(-1)?min~(-1)and T_(GIRmax)were(88.3?17.0 vs 151.9?34.6)min.The relative bioavailability was(10.26?2.25)%,and the relative bioefficacy was(14.33?7.26)%.Conclusion The study shows that insulin dry powder inhalation is absorbed via lungs and its action sets in earlier than that of the regular insulin injected subcutaneously.These pharmacokinetie and pharmacodynamic data may provide a reliabe guide for further clinical trial.

Wound healing is a complex and highly regulated process to maintaining the skin barrier function. Wounds of diabetic patients are hard or even not healing. Non-healing diabetic foot ulcers can lead to lower-extremity amputations. Diabetic wound healing problem is the main complication that leads to high disability rate of diabetes and can threaten the lives in severe cases. The healing of skin wounds requires the synergy of multiple factors to restore the injured skin to its barrier function. The mechanisms that cause it difficult to heal diabetic wounds are complex, including oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, decreased neovascularization, peripheral neuropathy, and imbalance of extracellular matrix accumulation and remodeling. This review classifies mechanisms of diabetic wound healing and provides a reference for its further research.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the characteristics, diagnosis, and treatment of ovotesticular disorder of sex development (OT-DSD).

METHODSWe retrospectively analyzed 2 cases of OT-DSD treated in our hospital. The patients were 19 and 15 years old, respectively, and both received systematic physical examination and examinations of the karyotype, sex hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), color Doppler ultrasonography, urethrocystoscopy, and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) test. Under the laparoscope, we performed surgical gonad exploration, gonadectomy, and vulvar orthopedics. Intraoperative exploration and pathology confirmed true hermaphroditism in both cases, with sex selection as female. One underwent laparoscopic resection of the ovotestis, and the other removal of the testis with the ovarian tissue reserved.

RESULTSThe patients were followed up for 12 months postoperatively, which found no abnormality in either the vulvas or the genital glands.

CONCLUSIONSurgical exploration of the gonad is the only method for the diagnosis of OT-DSD and sex selection is the key to treatment. Laparoscopic surgical exploration of the gonad and vulvar orthopedics are the first treatment options.

Adolescent ; Chorionic Gonadotropin ; Female ; Gonadal Steroid Hormones ; Humans ; Karyotype ; Laparoscopy ; Male ; Ovary ; Ovotesticular Disorders of Sex Development ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Retrospective Studies ; Testis ; surgery ; Young Adult

Objective To observe the damage effect of borneol on rabbit corneal epithelial cells. Methods After the treatment with borneol at 100, 200, 400 μg·mL-1 respectively, the viability of rabbit corneal epithelial cells was determined by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium ( MTT) assay, cell apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry with Annexin V- fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide ( FITC/PI) staining, and Caspase-3 mRNA expression was detected with real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ( RT-PCR) . Results Borneol at the concentrations of 100, 200, 400 μg·mL-1 inhibited the activity of rabbit corneal epithelial cells. Compared with the normal control group, borneol increased the rate of apoptosis, and enhanced the Caspase-3 mRNA expression in rabbit corneal epithelial cells ( P<0.05 or P<0.01) . Conclusion Borneol can inhibit the proliferation of rabbit corneal epithelial cells, induce cell apoptosis through enhancing the expression of apoptosis-related gene Caspase-3 mRNA.

The DNA fragment was cloned from the cDNA that was synthesized using the RNA from Chinese white poplar and verified by sequencing This cDNA clone ,designated PtoCesA1, was 3215 bp long with an opening reading frame of 2934bp extending from nucleotides 52~2985.Comprision of the nucleotide sequence of PtoCesA1 with PtrCesA1 showed 97% identity.For construction of the PtoCesA1 binary expression vector, the BamHI site was made by synonymy mutation, the full length PtoCesA1 cDNA was subcloned into pBI121 between the BamHI site and XbaI site. The PtoCesA1 binary vector,containing PtoCesA1,was verified by digestion and PCR.

AlM:To investigate the changes of retinal histology and oxidative stress in diabetic retinopathy and its reversal by pyruvate in diabetic rats.
METHODS: Eighty Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups:control group ( 20 rats ) , model group ( 30 rats ) and treatment group ( 30 rats ) . After streptozotocin ( STZ) induced diabetes mellitus in the model group and the treatment group, the treatment group received 2%pyruvate in diet and drinking. The changes of body weight and blood glucose were observed and the changes of glutathione peroxidase ( GSH-PX ) , malonie dialdehyde ( MDA) , and Na+-K+-ATPase levels of retinal tissue and retinal ultrastructure were investigated in three groups at 12wk after occurrence of diabetes.
RESULTS: Compared with control group, the body weight of the model group were significantly decreased, the activities of GSH-PX and ATP in the retina of diabetic rats were significantly lower, the MDA was signigicantly higher and significant changes occurred in retinal ultrastructure. Compared with model group, the blood glucose of the treatment group had no significant changes. However, the activities of GSH and ATP in the retina of diabetic rats were higher, the MDA was lower and the retinal ultrastructure was comparatively mild.
CONCLUSlON:Pyruvate can alleviate oxidatie stress reaction, improve the energy metabolism of retina, and delay the development of retinopathy.